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physics
physics scientists and engineers
Questions and Answers of
Physics Scientists and Engineers
Sam, whose mass is 75 kg, takes off across level snow on his jet-powered skis. The skis have a thrust of 200 N and a coefficient of kinetic friction on snow of 0.10. Unfortunately, the skis run out
An object of mass m is at rest at the top of a smooth slope of height h and length L. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the surface, mk, is small enough that the object will
A truck with a heavy load has a total mass of 7500 kg. It is climbing a 15o incline at a steady 15 m/s when, unfortunately, the poorly secured load falls off! Immediately after losing the load, the
A rifle with a barrel length of 60 cm fires a 10 g bullet with a horizontal speed of 400 m/s. The bullet strikes a block of wood and penetrates to a depth of 12 cm.a. What resistive force (assumed to
a. A rocket of mass m is launched straight up with thrust Find an expression for the rocket’s speed at height h if air resistance is neglected.b. The motor of a 350 g model rocket generates 9.5 N
Compressed air is used to fire a 50 g ball vertically upward from a 1.0-m-tall tube. The air exerts an upward force of 2.0 N on the ball as long as it is in the tube. How high does the ball go above
The piston of a machine exerts a constant force on a ball as it moves horizontally through a distance of 15 cm. You use a motion detector to measure the speed of five different balls as they come off
Seat belts and air bags save lives by reducing the forces exerted on the driver and passengers in an automobile collision. Cars are designed with a “crumple zone” in the front of the car. In the
An accident victim with a broken leg is being placed in traction. The patient wears a special boot with a pulley attached to the sole. The foot and boot together have a mass of 4.0 kg, and the doctor
Henry, whose mass is 95 kg, stands on a bathroom scale in an elevator. The scale reads 830 N for the first 3.0 s after the elevator starts moving, then 930 N for the next 3.0 s. What is the
The 1000 kg steel beam in FIGURE P6.39 is supported by two ropes. What is the tension in each?Figure P6.39
A 5.0 kg object initially at rest at the origin is subjected to the time-varying force shown in FIGURE P6.38. What is the object’s velocity at t = 6 s?Figure P6.38
A 2.0 kg object initially at rest at the origin is subjected to the time-varying force shown in FIGURE P6.37. What is the object’s velocity at t = 4 s?Figure P6.37
A 6.5-cm-diameter ball has a terminal speed of 26 m/s. What is the ball’s mass?
A 75 kg skydiver can be modeled as a rectangular “box” with dimensions 20 cm × 40 cm × 180 cm. What is his terminal speed if he falls feet first? Use 0.8 for the drag coefficient.
A medium-sized jet has a 3.8-m-diameter fuselage and a loaded mass of 85,000 kg. The drag on an airplane is primarily due to the cylindrical fuselage, and aerodynamic shaping gives it a drag
An Airbus A320 jetliner has a takeoff mass of 75,000 kg. It reaches its takeoff speed of 82 m/s (180 mph) in 35 s. What is the thrust of the engines? You can neglect air resistance but not rolling
You and your friend Peter are putting new shingles on a roof pitched at 25o. You’re sitting on the very top of the roof when Peter, who is at the edge of the roof directly below you, 5.0 m away,
A 50,000 kg locomotive is traveling at 10 m/s when its engine and brakes both fail. How far will the locomotive roll before it comes to a stop? Assume the track is level.
A 1500 kg car skids to a halt on a wet road where mk = 0.50. How fast was the car traveling if it leaves 65-m-long skid marks?
A 4000 kg truck is parked on a 15 slope. How big is the friction force on the truck? The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.90.
A rubber-wheeled 50 kg cart rolls down a 15o concrete incline. What is the cart’s acceleration if rolling friction is(a) Neglected and(b) Included?
Bob is pulling a 30 kg filing cabinet with a force of 200 N, but the filing cabinet refuses to move. The coefficient of static friction between the filing cabinet and the floor is 0.80. What is the
A 10 kg crate is placed on a horizontal conveyor belt. The materials are such that ms = 0.5 and mk = 0.3.a. Draw a free-body diagram showing all the forces on the crate if the conveyer belt runs at
A stubborn, 120 kg mule sits down and refuses to move. To drag the mule to the barn, the exasperated farmer ties a rope around the mule and pulls with his maximum force of 800 N. The coefficients of
Bonnie and Clyde are sliding a 300 kg bank safe across the floor to their getaway car. The safe slides with a constant speed if Clyde pushes from behind with 385 N of force while Bonnie pulls forward
The earth is 1.50 × 1011 m from the sun. The earth’s mass is 5.98 × 1024 kg, while the mass of the sun is 1.99 × 1030 kg. What is earth’s acceleration toward the sun?
A 20,000 kg rocket has a rocket motor that generates 3.0 × 105 N of thrust. Assume no air resistance.a. What is the rocket’s initial upward acceleration?b. At an altitude of 5000 m the rocket’s
What thrust does a 200 g model rocket need in order to have a vertical acceleration of 10 m/s2a. On earth?b. On the moon, where g = 1.62 m/s2?
FIGURE EX6.20 shows the velocity graph of a 75 kg passenger in an elevator. What is the passenger’s weight at t = 1 s? At 5 s? At 9 s?Figure Ex 6.20
Zach, whose mass is 80 kg, is in an elevator descending at 10 m/s. The elevator takes 3.0 s to brake to a stop at the first floor.a. What is Zach’s weight before the elevator starts braking?b. What
It takes the elevator in a skyscraper 4.0 s to reach its cruising speed of 10 m/s. A 60 kg passenger gets aboard on the ground floor. What is the passenger’s weighta. Before the elevator starts
A woman has a mass of 55 kg.a. What is her weight while standing on earth?b. What are her mass and her weight on Mars, where g = 3.76 m/s2?
The position of a 2.0 kg mass is given by x = (2t3 - 3t)2 m, where t is in seconds. What is the net horizontal force on the mass at(a) t = 0 s and(b) t = 1 s?
A 8.0 × 104 kg spaceship is at rest in deep space. Its thrusters provide a force of 1200 kN. The spaceship fires its thrusters for 20 s, then coasts for 12 km. How long does it take the spaceship to
A 2.0 × 107 kg train applies its brakes with the intent of slowing down at a 1.2 m/s2 rate. What magnitude force must its brakes provide?
A 50 kg box hangs from a rope. What is the tension in the rope if:a. The box is at rest?b. The box moves up at a steady 5.0 m/s?c. The box has vy = 5.0 m/s and is speeding up at 5.0 m/s2?d. The box
A horizontal rope is tied to a 50 kg box on friction less ice. What is the tension in the rope if:a. The box is at rest?b. The box moves at a steady 5.0 m/s?c. The box has vx = 5.0 m/s and ax = 5.0
FIGURE EX6.11 shows the force acting on a 2.0 kg object as it moves along the x-axis. The object is at rest at the origin at t = 0 s. What are its acceleration and velocity at t = 6 s?Figure Ex 6.11
FIGURE EX6.10 shows the velocity graph of a 2.0 kg object as it moves along the x-axis. What is the net force acting on this object at t = 1 s? At 4 s? At 7 s?Figure Ex 6.10
The forces in FIGURE EX6.9 act on a 2.0 kg object. What are the values of ax and ay, the x- and y-components of the object’s acceleration?Figure Ex 6.9
The forces in FIGURE EX6.8 act on a 2.0 kg object. What are the values of ax and ay, the x- and y-components of the object’s acceleration?Figure Ex 6.8
In an electricity experiment, a 1.0 g plastic ball is suspended on a 60-cm-long string and given an electric charge. A charged rod brought near the ball exerts a horizontal electrical force on it,
A construction worker with a weight of 850 N stands on a roof that is sloped at 20o. What is the magnitude of the normal force of the roof on the worker?
A 65 kg gymnast wedges himself between two closely spaced vertical walls by pressing his hands and feet against the walls. What is the magnitude of the friction force on each hand and foot? Assume
A 20 kg loudspeaker is suspended 2.0 m below the ceiling by two 3.0-m-long cables that angle outward at equal angles. What is the tension in the cables?
A football coach sits on a sled while two of his players build their strength by dragging the sled across the field with ropes. The friction force on the sled is 1000 N, the players have equal pulls,
The three ropes in FIGURE EX6.2 are tied to a small, very light ring. Two of the ropes are anchored to walls at right angles, and the third rope pulls as shown. What are T1 and T2, the magnitudes of
The three ropes in FIGURE EX6.1 are tied to a small, very light ring. Two of these ropes are anchored to walls at right angles with the tensions shown in the figure. What are the magnitude and
Five balls move through the air as shown in FIGURE Q6.17. All five have the same size and shape. Air resistance is not negligible. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the magnitudes of the
A crate of fragile dishes is in the back of a pickup truck. The truck accelerates north from a stop sign, and the crate moves without slipping. Does the friction force on the crate point north or
A block pushed along the floor with velocity v0x slides a distance d after the pushing force is removed.a. If the mass of the block is doubled but its initial velocity is not changed, what distance
Suppose you push a hockey puck of mass m across friction less ice for 1.0 s, starting from rest, giving the puck speed v after traveling distance d. If you repeat the experiment with a puck of mass
Boxes A and B in FIGURE Q6.13 both remain at rest. Is the friction force on A larger than, smaller than, or equal to the friction force on B? Explain.Figure Q6.13
A hand presses down on the book in FIGURE Q6.12. Is the normal force of the table on the book larger than, smaller than, or equal to mg?Figure Q6.12
An astronaut orbiting the earth is handed two balls that have identical outward appearances. However, one is hollow while the other is filled with lead. How can the astronaut determine which is
Suppose you attempt to pour out 100 g of salt, using a pan balance for measurements, while in a rocket accelerating upward. Will the quantity of salt be too much, too little, or the correct amount?
The four balls in FIGURE Q6.9 have been thrown straight up. They have the same size, but different masses. Air resistance is negligible. Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the magnitude of the
An astronaut takes his bathroom scale to the moon and then stands on it. Is the reading of the scale his weight? Explain.
Are the following statements true or false? Explain.a. The mass of an object depends on its location.b. The weight of an object depends on its location.c. Mass and weight describe the same thing in
An elevator, hanging from a single cable, moves downward and is slowing. Friction and air resistance are negligible. Is the tension in the cable greater than, less than, or equal to the gravitational
An elevator, hanging from a single cable, moves upward at constant speed. Friction and air resistance are negligible. Is the tension in the cable greater than, less than, or equal to the
If you know all of the forces acting on a moving object, can you tell the direction the object is moving? If yes, explain how. If no, give an example.
Kat, Matt, and Nat are arguing about why a physics book on a table doesn’t fall. According to Kat, “Gravity pulls down on it, but the table is in the way so it can’t fall.” “Nonsense,”
A ball tossed straight up has v = 0 at its highest point. Is it in equilibrium? Explain.
Are the objects described here in equilibrium while at rest, in equilibrium while in motion, or not in equilibrium at all? Explain.a. A 200 pound barbell is held over your head.b. A girder is lifted
A rubber ball bounces. We’d like to understand how the ball bounces.a. A rubber ball has been dropped and is bouncing off the floor. Draw a motion diagram of the ball during the brief time interval
If a car stops suddenly, you feel “thrown forward.” We’d like to understand what happens to the passengers as a car stops.Imagine yourself sitting on a very slippery bench inside a car. This
A heavy box is in the back of a truck. The truck is accelerating to the right. Draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a free-body diagram for the box?
A bag of groceries is on the seat of your car as you stop for a stop light. The bag does not slide. Draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a free-body diagram for the bag?
The leaf hopper, champion jumper of the insect world, can jump straight up at 4 m/s2. The jump itself lasts a mere 1 ms before the insect is clear of the ground.a. Draw a free-body diagram of this
A person on a bridge throws a rock straight down toward the water. The rock has just been released?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a
A spring-loaded gun shoots a plastic ball. The trigger has just been pulled and the ball is starting to move down the barrel. The barrel is horizontal?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion
Your friend went for a loop-the-loop ride at the amusement park. Her car is upside down at the top of the loop?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram,
You are bungee jumping from a high bridge. You are moving downward while the bungee cord is stretching?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a
You’ve jumped down from a platform. Your feet are touching the ground and your knees are flexing as you stop?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram,
You’ve just kicked a rock on the sidewalk and it is now sliding along the concrete?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a free-body diagram.
You’ve slammed on the brakes and your car is skidding to a stop while going down a 20 hill?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a free-body
You are a rock climber going upward at a steady pace on a vertical wall?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a free-body diagram.
A Styrofoam ball has just been shot straight up. Air resistance is not negligible?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a free-body diagram.
A rocket is being launched straight up. Air resistance is not negligible?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a force-identification diagram, and a free-body diagram.
An elevator, suspended by a single cable, has just left the tenth floor and is speeding up as it descends toward the ground floor?Describe a situation. For each, draw a motion diagram, a
In lab, you propel a cart with four known forces while using an ultrasonic motion detector to measure the cart’s acceleration. Your data are as follows:Force (N) ___________________ Acceleration
Show a free-body diagram. For each:a. Identify the direction of the acceleration vectorand show it as a vector next to your diagram. Or, if appropriate, writeb. If possible, identify the direction of
A constant force is applied to an object, causing the object to accelerate at 10 m/s2. What will the acceleration be ifa. The force is halved?b. The object’s mass is halved?c. The force and the
A constant force is applied to an object, causing the object to accelerate at 8.0 m/s2. What will the acceleration be ifa. The force is doubled?b. The object’s mass is doubled?c. The force and the
A single force with x-component Fx acts on a 500 g object as it moves along the x-axis. A graph of Fx versus t is shown in FIGURE P5.32. Draw an acceleration graph (ax versus t) for this
A single force with x-component Fx acts on a 2.0 kg object as it moves along the x-axis. A graph of Fx versus t is shown in FIGURE P5.31. Draw an acceleration graph (ax versus t) for this
A single force with x-component Fx acts on a 500 g object as it moves along the x-axis. The object’s acceleration graph (αx versus t) is shown in FIGURE P5.30. Draw a graph of Fx versus t?Figure
A single force with x-component Fx acts on a 2.0 kg object as it moves along the x-axis. The object’s acceleration graph (αx versus t) is shown in FIGURE P5.29. Draw a graph of Fx versus t.Figure
Redraw the two motion diagrams shown in FIGURE P5.28, then draw a vector beside each one to show the direction of the net force acting on the object. Explain your reasoning.Figure P9.28(a)(b)
A jet plane is accelerating down the runway during takeoff. Friction is negligible, but air resistance is not?Describe a situation. For each, identify all forces acting on the object and draw a
A steel beam, suspended by a single cable, is being lowered by a crane at a steadily decreasing speed?Describe a situation. For each, identify all forces acting on the object and draw a free-body
Your physics textbook is sliding across the table?Describe a situation. For each, identify all forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
An ice hockey puck glides across friction less ice?Describe a situation. For each, identify all forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
A cat is sitting on a window sill?Describe a situation. For each, identify all forces acting on the object and draw a free-body diagram of the object.
Exercises 1 through 2 show a free-body diagram. For each, write a short description of a real object for which this would be the correct free-body diagram. Use Examples 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6 as examples
Show two of the three forces acting on an object in equilibrium. Redraw the diagram, showing all three forces. Label the third force1. Figure Ex 5.172. Figure Ex 5.183. Figure Ex 5.18
Based on the information in Table 5.1, estimatea. The weight of a laptop computer.b. The propulsion force of a bicycle.Table 5.1TABLE 5.1 Approximate magnitude of some typical forcesForce
FIGURE EX5.15 shows an object’s acceleration-versus-force graph. What is the object’s mass?Figure Ex 5.15
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