In 20.6.1 it was stated that approximately 21 t of SNF are removed yearly from a 1 GW e reactor operating at 33% efficiency. Assuming that the spent fuel contains 0.9% unconsumed 235 U and that the...

A company is proposing to build an advanced rail energy storage system: excess electric energy willpower engines that will transport a heavy mass up a slope. During periods of peak demand, the...

Compute the insolation at 65 latitude on the summer solstice for tilt of 22.05 and compare to the value at 24.5 .

To determine the thermal conductivity of a structural material, a large 15-cm-thick slab of the material is subjected to a uniform heat flux of 2500 W/m 2 while thermocouples embedded in the wall at...

Julie drives 100 mi to Grandmothers house. On the way to Grandmothers, Julie drives half the distance at 40 mph and half the distance at 60 mph. On her return trip, she drives half the time at 40 mph...

The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in free space is given by E x = 0 E y = Ecos(t - kx) E z = 2Esin(t - kx) where E = 1 kVm -1 . Find (i) the direction of propagation, (ii) the...

Derive Laplace transforms of the input signals shown in Figs. E3.2 and E3.3 by summing component functions found in Table 3.1. 10 f(t) 3 t (min) Figure E3.2 Slope = -a u(t) tw Figure E3.3 Triangular...

A typical 35-mm camera with a standard lens and normal outdoor film can be assumed to have the following parameters: focal length f = 50 mm; spatial resolution l = 40 lp/mm; film format w = 25 x 35...

For a leadlag unit, show that for a step input of magnitude M: (a) The value of y at t = 0 + is given by y(0+) = KM Ï a /Ï 1 . (b) Overshoot occurs only for Ï a > Ï 1 . (c)...

A phased array is designed to operate at a wavelength of 6 cm. The antenna elements are spaced at intervals of 4 cm. (i) Show that if the beam is steered more than 30 away from the normal ( = 0)...

(i) Show that if A, S and E are, respectively, isotropic smoothing (averaging), sharpening (high-boost) and edge-detection (high-pass) filters described in the spatial domain, and I is the identity...

A single band of an image has a histogram with a Gaussian distribution of standard deviations. Show that the theoretical limit to which the data can be compressed using Huffman coding is log 2 Ï...

A SAR operates at a wavelength of 6 cm and is used for interferometric SAR observations. In position M, the radar has (x, y) coordinates (-400000, +800000) m, while in position S its coordinates are...

Vector A extends from the origin to (1, 2, 3), and vector B extends from the origin to (2, 3,2). Find (a) the unit vector in the direction of (A B); (b) the unit vector in the direction of the line...

An FM modulator has f c = 2000 Hz and f d = 20 Hz/V. The modulator has input m(t) = 5 cos[2(10)t]. (a) What is the modulation index? (b) Sketch, approximately to scale, the magnitude spectrum of the...

Find the inductance of the cone-sphere configuration described in Problem 8.35 and Figure 8.17. The inductance is that offered at the origin between the vertices of the cone. Figure 8.17 21 r= 0.25 m...

Given the field H = 20 2 a A/m: (a) Determine the current density J. (b) Integrate J over the circular surface 1, 0 < < 2, z = 0, to determine the total current passing through that surface in...

(a) Find H in rectangular components at P(2, 3, 4) if there is a current filament on the z axis carrying 8 mA in the a z direction. (b) Repeat if the filament is located at x = 1, y = 2. (c) Find H...

For the common-source amplifier of Fig. 3.12, calculate the small-signal voltage gain and the bias values of V i and V o at the edge of the triode region. Also calculate the bias values of V i and V...

Determine the compensation capacitor for the two-stage op amp in the example in Section 9.4.3 that gives a 60 phase margin.

An amplifier has gain a 0 = 200 and its transfer function has three negative real poles with magnitudes 1 MHz, 3 MHz, and 4 MHz. Calculate and sketch the root locus when feedback is applied as f...

Calculate and sketch the root locus for the amplifier of Problem 9.4 as f varies from 0 to 1. Estimate the value of f causing instability and check using the Nyquist criterion. Data from Prob. 9.4:...

An op amp has two negative real open-loop poles with magnitudes 100 Hz and 120 kHz and a negative real zero with magnitude 100 kHz. The low frequency open-loop voltage gain of the op amp is 100 dB....

Estimate the capture range of the PLL of Problem 10.7, assuming that it is not artificially limited by the VCO frequency range.

Repeat Problem 9.31(a) for the common-gate compensation scheme in Fig. 9.22 a. Data from Prob. 9.31 (a): The Miller-compensated two-stage op amp in Fig. 9.25 can be modeled as shown in Fig. 9.26. In...

The Miller-compensated two-stage op amp in Fig. 9.25 can be modeled as shown in Fig. 9.26. In the model, let g m1 = 0.5 mA/V, R 1 = 200 kΩ, g m6 = 2 mA/V, R 2 = 100 kΩ, C 1 =...

Using the basic topology of Fig. 8.53, design a CMOS feedback amplifier with R i = , R o < 30 Ω, A v = Ï o /Ï i = 10, and small-signal bandwidth f 3dB > 2 MHz. No peaking is...

Repeat Problem 9.25 except, for the op amp, use the aspect ratios, supply voltages, and bias current given in Fig. 6.58 instead of the values in Fig. 9.60. Also, for the bias circuit, use the aspect...

Repeat Problem 9.14 if the circuit has negative real poles with magnitudes 100 Hz and 100 kHz and a negative real zero with magnitude 120 kHz. Data from Prob. 9.14: An op amp has two negative real...

Repeat Problem 9.16 if the circuit of Fig. 9.59 is compensated by a capacitor of 0.05 µF connected from the base of Q 5 to ground. Assume that the voltage gain from the base of Q 5 to V o is...

(a) Calculate the full-power bandwidth of the circuit of Fig. 9.59. (b) If this circuit is connected in a non-inverting unity-gain feedback loop, sketch the output waveform V o if V i is a sinusoid...

If the circuit of Fig. 9.61 is used to generate the voltage to be applied to the gate of M 9 in Fig. 9.60, calculate the W/L of M 9 required to move the right half-plane zero to infinity. Use data...

Assuming that the zero has been moved to infinity, determine the maximum load capacitance that can be attached directly to the output of the circuit of Fig. 9.60 and still maintain a phase margin of...

Repeat Problem 12.5 c when the gates of M 3 and M 4 are the CMC input, and the gate of M 5 connects to a bias voltage. Data from Prob. 12.5 (c) For the op amp in Fig. 12.2, use the data from Problem...

Repeat Problem 9.23, but skip the SPICE simulation. Here, M 9 will be used in the op amp in Fig. 6.58. Let V DD = V SS = 1.5 V and I S = 200 µA. Use L = 1 µm for all transistors, W 8 = W...

(a) Calculate the loop gain T = af for the series-shunt feedback circuit in Fig. 8.59 using hparameter two-ports. Take R 1 = 200 kΩ, and R 2 = 100 kΩ. For the op amp, assume R...

For the noninverting amplifier shown in Fig. 8.59, R 1 = 1 kΩ, and R 2 = 5 kΩ. For the op amp, take R i = 1 MΩ, R o = 100 Ω, and a v = 1 à 10 4...

The number of molecules crossing a unit area per unit time in one direction is given by where n is the number of molecules per unit volume and v is the average molecular velocity. As the average...

A small block with mass 0.0400 kg is moving in the xy-plane. The net force on the block is described by the potential energy function U(x, y) = (5.80 J/m 2 )x 2 - (3.60 J/m 3 )y 3 . What are the...

Using dimensional analysis, demonstrate that the parameters are possible combinations of the appropriate variables in describing unsteady-state conduction in a plane wall. at hL and L? To T. k

An electrical system employs fuses that are cylindrical in shape and have lengths of 0.5 cm and diameters of 0.1 mm. Air, at 30C, surrounds a fuse with a surface coefficient of 10 W/m2 ? K. The fuse...

Work Problem 19.27 for the case in which the flowing fluid is air at 15 fps. Data From Problem 19.27 Water, at 60F, enters a 1-in.-ID tube that is used to cool a nuclear reactor. The water flow rate...

Benzene (species A) is often added to ethanol (species B) to denature the ethanol. Estimate the liquid-phase diffusion of benzene in ethanol (D AB ), and ethanol in benzene (D BA ) at 288 K by two...

Compare the Schmidt number (Sc) tor O 2 gas in air at 300 K and 1.0 atm with Sc for dissolved O 2 in liquid water at 300 K. Then compare these values for CO 2 gas in air at 300 K and 1.0 atm, and...

Chicken eggs possess a hard, porous shell of calcite mineral. Cylindrical pores of 10 micron (µm) diameter running through the 0.5 mm thickness of the shell permit the exchange of gases to the...

Consider the drug patch shown in Problem 26.4. The patch consists of a pure solid drug source mounted on top of a water-swollen polymer, which acts as a controlled diffusion barrier. The square patch...

Please refer to Problem 28.16 above. At 600 K and 1.0 atm, under a new velocity for gas flow, the heat-transfer coefficient (h) is now 50 W/m 2 K. a. Compare average mass-transfer coefficient for CO...

A crystalline silicon wafer of 10 cm diameter and 1.0 mm thickness is coated with a thin film of elemental arsenic metal (As), which is a semiconductor dopant. The As-coated silicon wafer is baked in...

Identify the nature of the spatial filters whose kernels are given below: (i) (ii) (iii) 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 8 3 3 6 3 3 16 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 1

FIGURE P16.58 shows two masses hanging from a steel wire. The mass of the wire is 60.0 g. A wave pulse travels along the wire from point 1 to point 2 in 24.0 ms. What is mass m? 2.0 m 140 2.0 m 4.0 m...

Investigators studying the mass transfer from single spheres recommended the generalized equation Sh = 2.0 + C Re m Sc 1/3 As discussed in Section 30.1, the value of 2.0 can be derived theoretically...

Determine the convection heat transfer coefficient for the flow of (a) Air (b) Water at a velocity of 2 m/s in an 8-cm-diameter and 7-m-long tube when the tube is subjected to uniform heat flux from...

Consider a stainless steel spoon (k = 8.7 Btu/h·ft·°F) partially immersed in boiling water at 200°F in a kitchen at 75°F. The handle of the spoon has a cross section of 0.08...

What are the common approximations made in the analysis of heat exchangers?

Under what conditions is the heat transfer relation valid for a heat exchanger? Q = mc(T_ out - Tin) = m,C4 (T, in T, cu pe C, out ph h.

An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m·K has a flat bottom with diameter 15 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling water in the pan through its bottom...

One way of measuring the thermal conductivity of a material is to sandwich an electric thermofoil heater between two identical rectangular samples of the material and to heavily insulate the four...

In the lab, you submerge 100 g of 40C nails in 200 g of 20C water. (The specific heat of iron is 0.12 cal/g C.) Equate the heat gained by the water to the heat lost by the nails, and show that the...

A typical fission reaction involving 235 U is The kinetic energy of a thermal neutron is ?1/40 eV,small enough to ignore in the energy balance. Show that the energy released in the fission is 179.5...

Helium three is an extremely rare but stable isotope of helium made up of two protons and only one neutron.Because 4 He is so tightly bound, considerable energy is given off when 3 He absorbs a...

Given the data in Table 18.2 estimate the number of neutrons emitted by spontaneous fission per second per kilogram of naturally occurring uranium. Nucleus Natural Half-life Fraction of decays by...

Show that the probability of finding a particle with energy greater than 0.2 MeV in a gas at temperature 15 10 6 K is 10 69 .

A thermal-neutron reactor is charged every year with enriched uranium containing 1.6 t of 235 U. When the spent fuel is removed, it contains 400 kg of 235 U and 560 kg of 239 Pu. Assuming a...

The worlds largest pumped hydro storage facility,located in Bath County, Virginia, has a generating capacity of about 3 GW. When generating power, the turbine flow rate is roughly 850 m 3 /s....

Show that the energy stored when air is compressed adiabatically from pressure p 0 to pressure p H in a final volume V H = V is given by after the work done by/on the atmosphere is subtracted.Here r...

How many structural isomers are shown here?

If the volcanic glass obsidian is not considered a mineral, why is it considered a rock?

Which transports more sediment: a laminar flow or a turbulent flow? Why?

In terms of size, what kinds of sediments are generally found at the headwater area of a stream? How about the mouth of a stream?

Some designs for breeder reactors use liquid metals such sodium or lead as a coolant. Discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of such a coolant.

In many (Northern Hemisphere) locations, solar PV panels are oriented toward the southwest rather than south. Discuss aspects of electricity demand that might motivate this choice.

Estimate the energy used for space and water heating in your home. How feasible would it be to get all of this energy from simple low temperature solar thermal collectors?

Suppose a PV with gap E gap were illuminated by a laser that produces monochromatic light with frequency v 0 . How would the collection efficiency of the PV vary with?

Consider a rod of diameter D , thermal conductivity k , and length 2L that is perfectly insulated over one portion of its length, -L < x < 0 , and experiences convection with a fluid (T , h) over...

A probe, used to measure the velocity of air in a low speed wind tunnel, is fabricated of an L = 100 mm long, D = 8-mm outside diameter horizontal aluminum tube. Power resistors are inserted into the...

Consider the remediation trench shown in the figure below, a simple process to treat contaminated wastewater before discharge to a lake or river. The remediation trench consists of a narrow outdoor...

The well-mixed bubbler tank shown in the figure below is used to prepare carbonated water needed for the production of soft drinks. The tank volume is 2.0 m 3 , and the tank diameter is 1.0 m. The...

Using the first-order Doppler-shift formula f= f 0 (1 + v/)c 2 , calculate the energy shift of a 1 eV photon emitted from an iron atom moving toward you with energy (3/2)kT at T = 300 K. Compare this...

If the kinetic energy of a particle is much greater than its rest energy, the relativistic approximation E pc holds. Use this approximation to find the de Broglie wavelength of an electron of energy...

Consider monochromatic electromagnetic waves that propagate from a medium with index of refraction n 1 into a medium with index of refraction n 2 . Let z be a Cartesian coordinate perpendicular to...

A runner is training for an upcoming marathon by running around a 100-m-diameter circular track at constant speed. Let a coordinate system have its origin at the center of the circle with the x-axis...

We say an object is in equilibrium if all the forces on it balance (add up to zero). Figure P1.75 shows a beam weighing 124 N that is supported in equilibrium by a 100.0-N pull and a force F at the...

A museum of modern art is displaying an irregular 426-N sculpture by hanging it from two thin vertical wires, A and B, that are 1.25 m apart (Fig. P11.54). The center of gravity of this piece of art...

When radiation having a Stokes vector S = [S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , S 3 ] is incident on an antenna that receives only linearly x-polarised radiation, the detected power is proportional to S.P, where P =...

Show that the Fourier transform of the Gaussian function is proportional to and interpret the result. - ) f(1) = exp 202 ioto o?o exp 2

The meteorological visibility in fog is defined as the distance that gives an optical thickness of 4. If a typical fog has a mass density of 10 -3 kg water per cubic metre and gives a visibility of...

Randomly polarised radiation at a wavelength of 3 cm is incident on a plane water surface at an angle of 83 o to the normal. Calculate the Stokes vector, and hence polarisation state, of the...

Use Equation (4.12) to show that, at low microwave frequencies, the absorption coefficient of a cloud of water droplets is given approximately by (i.e. independent of the droplet size), where ris the...

A commonly used approximation to the absorption length is

Show that the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index of a non-magnetic material are given by

For each thin lens shown in Fig. E34.35, calculate the location of the image of an object that is 18.0 cm to the left of the lens. The lens material has a refractive index of 1.50, and the radii of...

Find and plot the energy spectral densities of the following signals. Dimension your plots fully. Use appropriate Fourier-transforms pairs and theorems. (a) x 1 (t) = 10e -5t u (t) (b) x 2 (t) = 10...

A narrow band FM signal has a carrier frequency of 110 kHz and a deviation ratio of 0.05. The modulation bandwidth is 10 kHz. This signal is used to generate a wide band FM signal with a deviation...

Assume that an FM demodulator operates in the presence of sinusoidal interference. Show that the discriminator output is a nonzero constant for each of the following cases: A i = A c , A i = -A c ,...

A random process is defined as Y(t) = X (t) + X(t - T), where X (t) is a wide-sense stationary random process with auto correlation function R X (T) and power spectral density S x (f). (a) Show that...

A monopole antenna extends vertically over a perfectly conducting plane, and has a linear current distribution. If the length of the antenna is 0.01, what value of I 0 is required to (a) Provide a...

Assume that R S = R C = 50k ¦ in Problem 3.2, and calculate the optimum I C . What is the dc voltage drop across R C ? What is the voltage gain? In problem 3.2 A CE transistor is to be used in...

Determine the input resistance, transconductance, and output resistance of the CB amplifier of Fig. 3.15 if I C = 250μA and R C = 10 k ¦. Neglect r b and r o . Figure 3.15 Vcc Rc...

Determine the input resistance of the CG amplifier of Fig. 3.19 if the transistor operates in the active region with I D = 100 μA. Let R D = 10 k ¦, μ n C ox = 200...

Find the output resistance for the active-cascode circuit of Fig. 3.77 excluding resistor R. Assume that all the transistors operate in the active region with dc drain currents of 100 A. Use the...