As society searches for technical solutions to global warming, one approach to sequester carbon-dioxide rich greenhouse gases is to capture the CO 2 within an adsorbent material at high pressure. An...

A 3-m-internal-diameter spherical tank made of 1-cm-thick stainless steel (k = 15 W/m. K) is used to store iced water at 0°C. The tank is located outdoors at 30°C and is subjected to winds at...

Derive the equation of motion for the string? from a microscopic model. Assume a simple model of a string as a set of masses ?m spaced evenly on the x axis at regular intervals of ?x, connected by...

Use the photo diode equation (25.17) to compute I photo /I 0 for a silicon solar cell with V oc = 0.7 V. Write the power as a function of voltage and compute the fill factor, the maximum power IV...

The following wind frequency distribution data were obtained in the month of January at a height of 10 m above an airport runway in Buffalo, New York. Calm: 2.0%; 05 kt: 5.3%; 512 kt: 40.1%; 12 20...

The elements arsenic and phosphorus are common dopants in crystalline silicon that impart semiconductor properties to it via the introduction of p-type carriers into the silicon lattice. The doping...

In a wastewater treatment process, we are concerned about the possible release of the aromatic hydrocarbon benzene to the atmosphere. In the present process, 3.0 gmole/m 3 of benzene (solute A, mol....

White Cliffs County needs to borrow money to pay to replace lead pipes in the water system. The cost of the project will be fifty million dollars. The bonds, which have semi-annual interest payments,...

A closed and elevated vertical cylindrical tank with diameter 2.00 m contains water to a depth of 0.800 m. A worker accidently pokes a circular hole with diameter 0.0200 m in the bottom of the tank....

Calculate the breakdown voltage for the junction of Problem 1.1 if the critical field is crit = 4 10 5 V/cm. Data from Prob. 1.1 Calculate the built-in potential, depletion-layer depths, and...

How many uniformly spaced geostationary satellites would be needed to ensure that all points on the Earths surface with latitudes less than 66.5 can be seen at an elevation angle of at least 10?

Let V = 20x 2 yz 10z 2 V in free space. (a) Determine the equations of the equipotential surfaces on which V = 0 and 60 V. (b) Assume these are conducting surfaces and find the surface charge...

A CE transistor is to be used in the amplifier of Fig. 3.72 with a source resistance R S and collector resistor R C . First, find the overall small-signal gain v o /v i as a function of R S , R C ,...

A base-emitter voltage of from 520 mV to 580 mV is measured on a test npn transistor structure with 10 A collector current. The emitter dimensions on the test transistor are 100 m 100 m. Determine...

Heat is to be transferred from water to air through an aluminum wall. It is proposed to add rectangular fins 0.05-in. thick and 3/4-in. long spaced 0.08 in. apart to the aluminium surface to aid in...

Determine the steady-state surface temperature of an electric cable, 25 cm in diameter, which is suspended horizontally in still air in which heat is dissipated by the cable at a rate of 27 W per...

Electronic properties are imparted to crystalline silicon by diffusing an elemental impurity called a dopant into this material at high temperature. At 1316 K, the diffusion coefficient of one...

Consider a spherical gel bead containing a bio catalyst uniformly distributed within the gel. Within the gel bead, a homogeneous, first-order reaction A k1 D is promoted by the bio catalyst. The gel...

The pesticide Atrazine (C 8 H 14 C1N 5 , mol wt. 216 g/ mol) degrades in soil by a first-order reaction process. Consider the situation shown in the figure below, where there is a spill of solid...

Consider a 200-ft-high, 1200-ft-wide dam filled to capacity. Determine (a) The hydrostatic force on the dam and (b) The force per unit area of the dam near the top and near the bottom.

An open settling tank shown in the figure contains a liquid suspension. Determine the resultant force acting on the gate and its line of action if the liquid density is 850 kg/m 3 . 3 m y= 2x 5 m 0 =...

A wetted-wall column of 2.0-cm inner diameter and 50-cm wetted length is used to oxygenate blood as a continuous, steady-state process, as shown in the figure below. Blood containing 1.0 gmole/m 3 of...

A water fountain is to be installed at a remote location by attaching a cast iron pipe directly to a water main through which water is flowing at 70°F and 60 psig. The entrance to the pipe is...

Show that a particles range (see 20.2.1) expressed as a function of its initial velocity is proportional to its mass and inversely proportional to the square of its charge and to the electron density...

Assuming a silicon P V array attains 20% efficiency over a lifetime of 25 years of use, where it is exposed to an average of 250 W/ m 2 , what is the total energy output of 1 m 2 of PV cells (in...

A stream of water emitted by a tap at velocity v 0 as in Figure 29.3 has a circular cross section with radius r 0 . Use conservation of mass to predict how its radius changes as it falls. (a) (b)

Consider a single-junction solar cell with V oc = 0.7 V under one sun illumination conditions. Estimate the increase in V oc and the increase in overall efficiency if the incoming light is...

No Child Hungry provides food boxes to children with inadequate food resources. During the COVID pandemic, the combination of food shortages in markets and employee layoffs saw the demand for food...

A liquid storage facility can be modeled by where y is the liquid level (m) and u is an inlet flow rate (m 3 /s). Both are defined as deviations from the nominal steady-state values. Thus, y = u = 0...

A vertical, cylindrical tank is filled with water at 20 C. The tank is insulated at the top and bottom, with diameter of 0.5 m and height of 1.0 m. The overall heat transfer coefficient is U = 120...

The output of the band 6 sensor of the Landsat-7 ETM + instrument, as represented by an integer pixel value in an image, is the nearest integer to 16.03(L + 3.2) + 1, where L is the at-satellite...

Consider the evaporator and control system in Figure 13.6. (a) Should each control valve be air-to-open (AO) or air-to-close (AC)? (b) Should each PI controller be direct-acting or reverse-acting?...

A laser profiler is operated at a wavelength of 1m from an altitude of 10000 m, and views at 45 to the nadir. Estimate the range corrections needed to account for the dry atmosphere and the water...

The relationship between spectral radiance L λ and brightness temperature T in a thermal infrared band of a satellite sensor can be expressed as For band 6 of the Landsat-7 ETM +...

Generalize the computer program of Computer Example 2.1 to evaluate the coefficients of the complex exponential Fourier series of several signals. Include a plot of the amplitude and phase spectrum...

Assume that R C is made large compared with r o in the CB amplifier of Fig. 3.15. Use the equivalent circuit of Fig. 3.17 and add r o between the input (emitter terminal) and the output (collector...

For the CMOS operational amplifier shown in Fig. 9.60, calculate the open-loop voltage gain, unity gain bandwidth, and slew rate. Assume the parameters of Table 2.1 with X d = 1 µm. Assume that...

A voltage-follower feedback circuit is shown in Fig. 8.58. For the MOS transistor, I D = 0.5 mA, k = 180 µA/V 2 , r o = , W/L = 100, |Ï f | = 0.3 V, and γ = 0.3 V 1/2 . For the...

Develop a computer program that allows you to plot the entropy of a source with variable output probabilities. We wish to observe that the maximum source entropy does indeed occur when the source...

The clutch system shown in Fig. P1025 is used to transmit torque through a 2-mm-thick oil film with μ = 0.38 Ns/m 2 between two identical 30-cm-diameter disks. When the driving shaft...

(i) Estimate appropriate values, corresponding to those in Table 11.1, for printed paper as a data storage medium. (ii) Estimate the potential data storage requirements from a 5-year spaceborne...

The hypodermic needle shown below contains a liquid serum (p = 1 g/cm 3 ). If the serum is to be injected steadily at 6 cm 3 /s, how fast should the plunger be advanced (a) if leakage in the plunger...

A cylindrical water tank is 4 feet high, with a 3-foot diameter, open to the atmosphere at the top is initially filled with water with a temperature of 60F. The outlet at the bottom with a diameter...

A cylindrical copper heating element 2 ft long and 1/2 in. in diameter is immersed in water. The system pressure is maintained at 1 atm and the tube surface is held at 280F . Determine the...

Saturated steam at 365 K condenses on a 2-cm tube whose surface is maintained at 340 K. Determine the rate of condensation and the heat transfer coefficient for the case of a 1.5-m-long tube oriented...

Consider a hemispherical droplet of liquid water residing on a flat surface, as shown in the figure on page 526. Still air surrounds the droplet. At an infinitely long distance from the gas film, the...

For the quantum-well laser of Figure 40.16 , estimate the probability that an electron will be found within one of the GaAlAs layers rather than in the GaAs layer. Explain your reasoning. GAAIAS GAs...

Ozone (O 3 ) dissolved in water is used in many wastewater treatment applications. Pure, 100% ozone gas at 1.0 atm and 20C is continuously bubbled into a tank of liquid water. The rising bubbles...

Show that mesons with the quantum numbers (7.8) are forbidden in the simple quark model. Equation 7.8 B = Q = S = C = B = 0

If small corrections of order (m f /M Z ) 2 are neglected, the partial width for Z 0 ffÌ arising from the lowest-order diagrams of Figure 10.12 are given by where q f is the electric charge of...

Classify the following semileptonic decays of the D + (1869) = cd meson as Cabibbo-allowed, Cabibbo-suppressed or forbidden in lowest-order weak interactions, by finding selection rules for the...

Starting from Gauss?s law and ignoring edge effects(i.e. assume that the plates are very large and the electric field is uniform and perpendicular to the plates),derive the formula for the...

Consider an electric dipole composed of two charges Q at positions /2. Write the exact electric field from the two charges and show that the leading term in an expansion in 1/r matches the E-field...

Two rigid boards of insulating material, each with area A, have thermal conductances U 1 and U 2 . Suppose they are combined in series to make a single insulator of area A. What is the heat flux...

z A building wall is constructed as follows: starting from the inside the materials used are? (a) 1/2" gypsum wallboard;? (b) Wall-cavity, 80% of which is occupied by a 3.5" fiberglass batt and 20%...

Consider the modified Rankine cycle of Figure 13.17(a) Describe what happens to a quantity of water as it executes the cycle starting at . How many pumps and how many turbines are needed? 800 700 600...

Consider an infinite, homogeneous reactor fueled with uranium enriched to 3% and moderated by graphite with a ratio of graphite : uranium of 800 : 1. Find k ? . To find p, you can ignore the uranium...

The population of the city of Cambridge in the state of Massachusetts is around 100 000. Assume that each resident of Cambridge uses energy at the rate of 1 GJ per day. If the average insolation in...

A wind pump based on the American farm windmill design Figures 30.2(b) and 30.7 with rotor diameter 4.5 m and tip-speed ratio 1 claims to be able to pump 2400 L/h of water from a depth of 30 m when...

Consider the scope of pumped hydro storage needed to store and release 12 PJ of energy per day. Compare to the total US hydro power output. If the full 12 PJ were stored using local modest-sized UPH...

As a source of black body radiation becomes hotter, the peak in its radiation spectrum moves from the visible to the ultraviolet and beyond. Does this imply that the object can no longer be seen by...

Consider laminar, parallel flow past an isothermal flat plate of length L, providing an average heat transfer coefficient of h L . If the plate is divided into N smaller plates, each of length L N =...

Referring to the figure below, assume the flow to be frictionless in the siphon. Find the rate of discharge in cubic feet per second, and the pressure head at B if the pipe has a uniform diameter of...

A photon can be absorbed by a system that can have internal energy. Assume that a 15 MeV photon is absorbed by a carbon nucleus initially at rest. The recoil momentum of the carbon nucleus must be 15...

A basketball (which can be closely modeled as a hollow spherical shell) rolls down a mountainside into a valley and then up the opposite side, starting from rest at a height H 0 above the bottom. In...

Consider scattering form a surface with r.m.s. height variation of /2, where is the wavelength. Show that the stationary phase model can describe this scattering provided that the incident angle is...

A process has the block diagram Derive an approximate first order plus time delay transfer function model. 2e-de Y(s) |U(s) (2s + 1)(0.4s + 1) (0.4s + 1)(s + 1)

Verify the solution given in the text for the two-stream scattering model.

(a) Calculate the built-in potential, depletion layer depths, and maximum field in a plane-abrupt pn junction in silicon with doping densities N A = 8 10 15 atoms/cm 3 and N D = 10 17 atoms/cm 3 ....

Given the potential field V = 100xz/(x 2 + 4) V in free space: (a) Find D at the surface z = 0. (b) Show that the z = 0 surface is an equipotential surface. (c) Assume that the z = 0 surface is a...

Calculate the transconductance of an n-channel MOSFET at I D = 10 nA and V DS = 1 V, assuming subthreshold operation and n = 1.5. Assuming (C gs + C gd + C gb ) = 10 fF, calculate the corresponding...

The slew rate of the circuit of Fig. 9.59 is to be increased by using 10 kΩ resistors in the emitters Q 1 and Q 2 . If the same unity-gain frequency is to be achieved, calculate the new...

The input stages of an op amp are shown in the schematic of Fig. 9.59. (a) Assuming that the frequency response is dominated by a single pole, calculate the frequency where the magnitude of the...

Repeat Problem 9.21 except use the aspect ratios, supply voltages, and bias current given in Fig. 6.58 instead of the values in Fig. 9.60. Also, assume that X d = 0.1 µm for all transistors...

A man sits in a seat that is hanging from a rope. The rope passes over a pulley suspended from the ceiling, and the man holds the other end of the rope in his hands. What is the tension in the rope,...

Calculation of return ratio begins by breaking a feedback loop at a controlled source. However, breaking a feedback loop at a controlled source is often impossible in a SPICE simulation because the...

Replace the MOS transistor in Fig. 8.58 with a npn transistor. For the transistor, I C = 0.5 mA and r o = . (a) Repeat the calculations in Problem 8.30(a). (b) Repeat the calculations in Problem...

A spherical pot contains 0.75 L of hot coffee (essentially water) at an initial temperature of 95C. The pot has an emissivity of 0.60, and the surroundings are at 20.0C. Calculate the coffees rate of...

Positive charge Q is distributed uniformly around a very thin conducting ring of radius a, as in Fig. 21.23. You measure the electric field E at points on the ring axis, at a distance x from the...

The device in the schematic diagram on the next page is a viscosity pump. It consists of a rotating drum inside of a stationary case. The case and the drum are concentric. Fluid enters at A, flows...

An engineered tissue system consists of a slice of cell mass immobilized on a scaffold measuring 5 cm in length and 0.5 cm in thickness. The top face of the tissue scaffold is exposed to water,...

Wastewater containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) at concentration of 2.50 gmole/m 3 (85 mg/L) enters an open tank at a volumetric flow rate of 20 m 3 /h, and exits at the same volumetric flow...

A circular heater, measuring 20 cm in diameter, has its surface temperature maintained at 1000C. The bottom of a tank, having the same diameter, is oriented parallel to the heater with a separation...

A device has been proposed that will serve as a blood oxygenator for a heartlung bypass machine, as shown in the figure below. In this process, blood containing no dissolved oxygen (O 2 , species A)...

Consider one of the cylindrical channels of inner diameter d that run through an isomerization catalyst, as shown in the figure below. A catalyst coats the inner walls of each channel. This catalyst...

Consider an inter phase mass-transfer process for the chlorine dioxide (C1O 2 )-air-water system at 20°C, where ClO 2 , gas (solute A) is sparingly soluble in water. At the current conditions of...

Wastewater containing volatile species A dissolved in the water at a dilute inlet concentration of 0.50 gmole A/m 3 (c AL,0 ) is pumped into a well-mixed open holding pond at a volumetric flow rate...

Ammonia (NH 3 ) in air is being absorbed into water within the enclosed tank shown in the figure (next page). The liquid and gas phases are both well mixed, and mass-transfer occurs only at the...

Show that the amplitude of fully developed speckle has a Rayleigh distribution. Assume that the signal is composed of a very large number of components, each of which has the same amplitude but a...

A reducing elbow in a horizontal pipe is used to deflect water flow by an angle u = 45? from the flow direction while accelerating it. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere. The cross-...

FIGURE Q38.12 shows the energy-level diagram of Element X. a. What is the ionization energy of Element X?b. An atom in the ground state absorbs a photon, then emits a photon with a wavelength of 1240...

Water is to be heated from 10C to 80C as it flows through a 2-cm-internal-diameter, 13-m-long tube. The tube is equipped with an electric resistance heater, which provides uniform heating throughout...

According to (8.33), the fraction z of the proton momentum carried by the struck parton in Figure 8.4 is equal to the scaling variable x if certain approximations are made. These are: the proton...

In a typical mid-latitude location, incident solar energy averages around 200 W/m 2 over a 24-hour cycle. Compute the land area needed to supply the average persons energy use of 200 MJ/day if solar...

The US total energy consumption in 2014 was 98.0 quads. What is this quantity in joules? About 83% of US energy comes from fossil fuels. If the whole 83% came from oil, how many tons of oil...

Show that the force per unit area on the windings of an air-core solenoid from the magnetic field of the solenoid itself is of order F/A B 2 / 0 . Check that the dimensions of this expression are...

Derive the expression eq. (18.7)? for ?(A) by averaging over angles in the center-of-mass reference? frame.Take E/E? from eq. (18.4) and remember that the measure for averaging over ? is 1/2 sin ?d?....

Show that in d+t n+ 4 He fusion reaction, the ratio of the kinetic energy on the neutron to that on the 4 He is 4:1 if you neglect the initial kinetic energies of the reactants.Why is this a good...

Estimate the quantity of tritium (kg/year) required to fuel a 1 GWe fusion power plant assuming 20% overall efficiency.

Tritium is just barely unstable. How much more tightly would tritium have to be bound in order for it to bestable? Write the nuclear reaction describing tt fusion.How much energy is emitted in tt...