All Matches

Solution Library

Expert Answer

Textbooks

Search Textbook questions, tutors and Books

Oops, something went wrong!

Change your search query and then try again

Result Not Found

Books FREE
Tutors
Study Help
Hire a Tutor
AI Study Help New

Search
Sign In
Register

study help
sciences
physical chemistry

Questions and Answers of Physical Chemistry

The volume of an aqueous solution of NaCl at 25 °C was measured at a series of molalities b, and it was found that the volume fitted the expression v=1003+16.62x+1.77x3/2+0.12x2 where v=V/cm3, V is
Does the lever rule apply to a ternary system?
Mark the following points on a ternary phase diagram for the system NaCl/Na2SO4·10H2O/H2O: (i) 25 per cent by mass NaCl, 25 per cent Na2SO4·10H2O, and the rest H2O; (ii) the line denoting the same
Explain the physical origin of colligative properties.
The binary system nitroethane/decahydronaphthalene (DEC) shows partial miscibility, with the two-phase region lying between x=0.08 and x=0.84, where x is the mole fraction of nitroethane. The binary
Show that the osmotic pressure of a real solution is given by ΠV=–RT ln aA. Go on to show that, provided the concentration of the solution is low, this expression takes the form ΠV=ϕRT[B] and
Figure 5.2 shows the phase diagram for two partially miscible liquids, which can be taken to be that for water (A) and 2-methyl-1-propanol (B). Describe what will be observed when a mixture of
Suggest an interpretation of the additional terms in extended versions of the Debye–Hückel limiting law.
Are there any circumstances under which two (real) gases will not mix spontaneously?
Suppose that nA =0.10nB and a small change in composition results in μA changing by δμA =+12 Jmol−1, by how much will μB change?
Could a regular tetrahedron be used to depict the properties of a four component system?
Refer to the ternary phase diagram in Fig. 5D.4. How many phases are present, and what are their compositions and relative abundances, in a mixture that contains 2.3 g of water, 9.2 g of chloroform,
Use mathematical software, a spreadsheet, or the Living graphs on the web site for this book to plot pA/pA* against xA with ξ =2.5 by using eqn 5E.19 and then eqn 5E.20. Above what value of xA do
Colligative properties are independent of the identity of the solute. Why, then, can osmometry be used to determine the molar mass of a solute?
Indicate on the phase diagram in Fig. 5.3 the feature that denotes incongruent melting. What is the composition of the eutectic mixture and at what temperature does it melt? Data in Fig.
Prove that a straight line from the apex A of a ternary phase diagram to the opposite edge BC represents mixtures of constant ratio of B and C, however much A is present.
The following table gives the break and halt temperatures found in the cooling curves of two metals A and B. Construct a phase diagram consistent with the data of these curves. Label the regions of
Summarize the ways in which activities may be measured.
Find the relation between the standard and biological standard Gibbs energies of a reaction of the form A→2B+2 H+(aq).
Figure 5.8 shows the phase diagram for the ternary system NH4Cl/ (NH4)2SO4/H2O at 25 °C. Identify the number of phases present for mixtures of compositions (i) (0.2, 0.4, 0.4), (ii) (0.4, 0.4, 0.2),
Consider the phase diagram in Fig. 5.6, which represents a solid–liquid equilibrium. Label all regions of the diagram according to the chemical species that exist in that region and their phases.
Explain how Raoult’s law and Henry’s law are used to specify the chemical potential of a component of a mixture.
Sketch the cooling curves for the isopleths a and b in Fig. 5.3.Data in Fig. 5.3. Temperature, 0/°C 500 400 300 2002 100 0.2 a 0.4 0.6 Mole fraction of B, XB b 0.8 T₁ 1
Suppose it is found that for a hypothetical regular solution that ξ=1.40, pA* =15.0 kPa and pB* =11.6 kPa. Draw the vapour-pressure diagram.
Explain the molecular origin of Raoult’s law and Henry’s law.
Air is a mixture with mass percentage composition 75.5 (N2), 23.2 (O2), 1.3 (Ar). Calculate the entropy of mixing when it is prepared from the pure (and perfect) gases.
Referring to Fig. 5.8, deduce the molar solubility of (i) NH4Cl, (ii) (NH4)2SO4 in water at 25 °C.Data in Fig. 5.8, 0.8 NHẠCI 10 0.6 0.2 0.44 0.2 P=2 0/1
Use the phase diagram in Fig. 5.3 to state (i) the solubility of Ag in Sn at 800 °C and (ii) the solubility of Ag3Sn in Ag at 460 °C, (iii) the solubility of Ag3Sn in Ag at 300 °C.Data in Fig. 5.3
The temperature–composition diagram for the Ca/Si binary system is shown in Fig. 5.7.(a) Identify eutectics, congruent melting compounds, and incongruent melting compounds.(b) If a 20 per cent by
Figure 5.5 shows the experimentally determined phase diagrams for the nearly ideal solution of hexane and heptane. (i) Label the regions of the diagrams to which phases are present. (ii) For a
The vapour pressure of benzene at 20 °C is 10 kPa and that of methylbenzene is 2.8 kPa at the same temperature. What is the vapour pressure of a mixture of equal masses of each component?
Use eqn 5C.7 to generate plots of ξ against xA by one of two methods:(a) Solve the transcendental equation ln{(x/(1 – x)}+ξ(1 – 2x)=0 numerically, (b) Plot the first term of the
Dialysis may be used to study the binding of small molecules to macromolecules, such as an inhibitor to an enzyme, an antibiotic to DNA, and any other instance of cooperation or inhibition by small
Methane (melting point 91K) and tetrafluoromethane (melting point 89K) do not form solid solutions with each other, and as liquids they are only partially miscible. The upper critical temperature of
Refer to the information in Exercise 5C.8(a) and sketch the cooling curves for liquid mixtures in which x(CF4) is (i) 0.10, (ii) 0.30, (iii) 0.50, (iv) 0.80, and (v) 0.95.Data in Exercise
Some polymers can form liquid crystal mesophases with unusual physical properties. For example, liquid crystalline Kevlar (1) is strong enough to be the material of choice for bulletproof vests and
Consider the reaction A→2 B. Initially, 1.50mol A is present and no B. What are the amounts of A and B when the extent of reaction is 0.60mol?
Thorn et al. (J. Phys. Chem. 100, 14178 (1996)) carried out a study of Cl2O(g) by photoelectron ionization. From their measurements, they report ΔfH⦵(Cl2O)=+77.2 kJmol−1. They combined this
Explain the role of a salt bridge.
Devise cells in which the following are the reactions and calculate the standard cell potential in each case:(i) Zn(s)+CuSO4(aq)→ZnSO4(aq)+Cu(s)(ii) 2 AgCl(s)+H2(g)→2 HCl(aq)+2 Ag(s)(iii) 2
What is the justification for not including a pure liquid or solid in the expression for an equilibrium constant?
The degree of dissociation, α, of CO2(g) into CO(g) and O2(g) at high temperatures was found to vary with temperature as follows:Assuming ΔrH⦵ to be constant over this temperature range,
When the reaction A→2 B advances by 0.10mol (that is, Δξ =+0.10mol) the Gibbs energy of the system changes by –6.4 kJmol−1. What is the Gibbs energy of reaction at this stage of the reaction?
The potential of the cell Ag|AgI(s)|AgI(aq)|Ag is +0.9509V at 25 °C. Calculate (i) the solubility product of AgI and (ii) its solubility.
Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction CO(g)+H2(g)⇌ H2CO(g) given that, for the production of liquid formaldehyde, ΔrG⦵ =+28.95 kJmol−1 at 298K and that the vapour pressure of
Why is it necessary to measure the cell potential under zero-current conditions?
The standard Gibbs energy of the reaction N2(g)+3 H2(g)→2 NH3(g) is –32.9 kJmol−1 at 298K. What is the value of ΔrG when Q=(i) 0.010, (ii) 1.0, (iii) 10.0, (iv) 100 000, (v) 1 000 000?
Careful measurements of the potential of the cell Pt|H2(g,p⦵)|NaOH(aq, 0.0100mol kg−1),Nacl(aq, 0.011 25mol kg−1)|AgCl(s)|Ag(s) have been reported. Among the data is the following
At 2257K and 1.00bar total pressure, water is 1.77 per cent dissociated at equilibrium by way of the reaction 2 H2O(g)⇌2 H2(g)+O2(g). Calculate K.
The dimerization of ClO in the Antarctic winter stratosphere is believed to play an important part in that region’s severe seasonal depletion of ozone. The following equilibrium constants are based
Dinitrogen tetroxide is 18.46 per cent dissociated at 25 °C and 1.00bar in the equilibrium N2O4(g)⇌2 NO2(g). Calculate K at (i) 25 °C, (ii) 100 °C given that ΔrH⦵ =+56.2 kJmol−1 over the
Estimate the temperature at which CaCO3(calcite) decomposes.
From information in the Resource section, calculate the standard Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant at (i) 298K and (ii) 400K for the reaction PbO(s)+CO(g)⇌Pb(s)+CO2(g). Assume that the
Establish the relation between K and Kc for the reaction H2CO(g)⇌CO(g)+H2(g).
Derive an expression for the temperature dependence of Kc for a gas phase reaction.
For CaF2(s)⇌Ca2+(aq)+2 F−(aq), K=3.9 ×10−11 at 25 °C and the standard Gibbs energy of formation of CaF2(s) is –1167 kJmol−1. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of formation of
Describe how a wavefunction summarizes the dynamical properties of a system and how those properties may be predicted.
Summarize the evidence that led to the introduction of quantum mechanics.
Calculate the size of the quantum involved in the excitation of (i) an electronic oscillation of period 1.0 fs, (ii) a molecular vibration of period 10 fs, (iii) a pendulum of period 1.0 s. Express
Consider a time-independent wavefunction of a particle moving in three-dimensional space. Identify the variables upon which the wavefunction depends.
Normalize the following wavefunctions: (i) sin(nπx/L) in the range 0≤x≤L, where n=1, 2, 3, … (this wavefunction can be used to describe delocalized electrons in a linear polyene), (ii) a
Suggest how the general shape of a wavefunction can be predicted without solving the Schrödinger equation explicitly.
Construct the potential energy operator of a particle subjected to a Coulomb potential.
Discuss the relation between probability amplitude, probability density, and probability.
Explain how Planck’s introduction of quantization accounted for the properties of black-body radiation.
Calculate the energy per photon and the energy per mole of photons for radiation of wavelength (i) 600nm (red), (ii) 550nm (yellow), (iii) 400nm (blue).
Suppose that the wavefunction of an electron in a carbon nanotube is a linear combination of cos(nx) functions.(a) Use mathematical software, a spreadsheet, or the Living graphs on the web site of
Consider a time-independent wavefunction of a hydrogen atom. Identify the variables upon which the wavefunction depends. Use spherical polar coordinates.
Describe the relationship between operators and observables in quantum mechanics.
Confirm that the kinetic energy operator, −(h2/2m)d2/dx2, is hermitian.
Construct quantum mechanical operators for the following observables:(a) Kinetic energy in one and in three dimensions,(b) The inverse separation,1/x,(c) Electric dipole moment in one dimension,(d)
Describe the constraints that the Born interpretation puts on acceptable wavefunctions.
Explain how Einstein’s introduction of quantization accounted for the properties of heat capacities at low temperatures.
An unnormalized wavefunction for a light atom rotating around a heavy atom to which it is bonded is ψ(φ) = eiφ with 0 ≤ φ ≤ 2π. Normalize this wavefunction.
Calculate the speed to which a stationary H atom would be accelerated if it absorbed each of the photons used in Exercise 7A.2(a).Data in Exercise 7A.2(a).Calculate the energy per photon and the
A particle free to move along one dimension x (with 0≤x<∞) is described by the unnormalized wavefunction ψ(x)=e−ax with a=2m−1.What is the probability of finding the particle at a
Functions of the form sin(nπx/L) can be used to model the wavefunctions of electrons in a carbon nanotube of length L. Show that the wavefunctions sin(nπx/L) and sin(mπx/L), where n≠m, are
What are the advantages of working with normalized wavefunctions?
Explain the meaning and consequences of wave–particle duality.
For the system described in Exercise 7B.3(a), what is the probability of finding the light atom in the volume element dφ at φ =π?Data in Exercise 7B.3(a)An unnormalized wavefunction for a light
A glow-worm of mass 5.0 g emits red light (650nm) with a power of 0.10W entirely in the backward direction. To what speed will it have accelerated after 10 y if released into free space and assumed
Describe the properties of wave packets in terms of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
For a black body, the temperature and the wavelength of emission maximum, λmax, are related by Wien’s law, λmax T = 1/5c2 , where c2=hc/k (see Problem 7A.3). Values of λmax from a small
A light atom rotating around a heavy atom to which it is bonded is described by a wavefunction of the form ψ(φ)=eimφ with 0≤φ≤2π and m an integer. Show that the m=+1 and m=+2 wavefunctions
For the system described in Exercise 7B.3(a), what is the probability of finding the light atom between φ =π/2 and φ =3π/2? Data in Exercise 7B.3(a),An unnormalized wavefunction for a light
A sodium lamp emits yellow light (550nm). How many photons does it emit each second if its power is (i) 1.0W, (ii) 100W?
An electron in a carbon nanotube of length L is described by the wavefunction ψ(x)=sin(2πx/L). Compute the expectation value of the position of the electron.
Which of the functions in Problem 7C.3 are(a) Also eigenfunctions of d2/dx2 (b) Only eigenfunctions of d2/dx2 Give the eigenvalues where appropriate.Data in Problem 7C.3Identify which of
An electron in a one-dimensional metal of length L is described by the wavefunction ψ(x)=sin(πx/L). Compute the expectation value of the momentum of the electron.
Show that the product of a hermitian operator with itself is also a hermitian operator.
In an X-ray photoelectron experiment, a photon of wavelength 150 pm ejects an electron from the inner shell of an atom and it emerges with a speed of 21.4Mms−1. Calculate the binding energy of the
Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the speed of a ball of mass 500 g that is known to be within 1.0µm of a certain point on a bat. What is the minimum uncertainty in the position of a bullet of
Prior to Planck’s derivation of the distribution law for black-body radiation, Wien found empirically a closely related distribution function which is very nearly but not exactly in agreement with
To what speed must an electron be accelerated for it to have a wavelength of 100 pm? What accelerating potential difference is needed?
The speed of a certain proton is 0.45Mms−1. If the uncertainty in its momentum is to be reduced to 0.0100 per cent, what uncertainty in its location must be tolerated?
To what speed must an electron be accelerated for it to have a wavelength of 3.0 cm?
Determine the commutators of the operators (i) d/dx and 1/x, (ii) d/dx and x2.
A particle freely moving in one dimension x with 0≤x<∞ is in a state described by the wavefunction ψ(x)=a1/2e−ax/2, where a is a constant. Determine the expectation value of the position
The fine-structure constant, α, plays a special role in the structure of matter; its approximate value is 1/137. What is the wavelength of an electron travelling at a speed αc, where c is the speed
The wavefunction of an electron in a linear accelerator is ψ= (cos χ)eikx+(sin χ)e−ikx, where χ (chi) is a parameter. (i) What is the probability that the electron will be found with a linear

Showing 500 - 600 of 3563

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Last

Services

Sitemap
Fun
Definitions
Become Tutor
Study Help Categories
Recent Questions
Expert Questions

Company Info

Security
Copyrights
Privacy Policy
Terms & Conditions
SolutionInn Fee
Scholarship

Get In Touch

About Us
Contact Us
Career
Jobs
FAQ
Campus Ambassador

Secure Payment

Download Our App

© 2024 SolutionInn. All Rights Reserved