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social science
forensic and legal psychology

Questions and Answers of Forensic And Legal Psychology

Discuss evolutionary explanations for gender differences in sexuality and mating preferences.
Describe evolutionary psychologists’ use of natural selection to explain behavior tendencies.
How do evolutionary psychologists use natural selection to explain behavior tendencies?
Because Jerry suffered severe seizures, his neurosurgeon decided to “split his brain.” What does this mean?How might a psychologist use people who have had split-brain surgery to determine the
Brain lateralization means that each hemisphere has its own functions. Give an example of both a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere function. Then explain how the two hemispheres communicate with
The dual-processing model refers to which of the following ideas?a. The right and left hemispheres of the brain both process incoming messages.b. Incoming information is processed by both conscious
Which of the following is most likely to be a function of the left hemisphere?a. Speechb. Evaluating perceptual tasksc. Making inferencesd. Identifying emotion in other people’s facese. Identifying
You are aware that a dog is viciously barking at you, but you are not aware of the type of dog. Later, you are able to describe the type and color of the dog. This ability to process information
A split-brain patient has a picture of a dog flashed to his right hemisphere and a cat to his left hemisphere. He will be able to identify thea. cat using his right hand.b. dog using his right
Discuss the interaction of heredity and environment.
Explain what is meant by heritability, and discuss how it relates to individuals and groups.
Identify the potential uses of molecular genetics research.
Define genes, and describe how behavior geneticists explain our individual differences.
Explain what is meant by “dual processing,” as revealed by today’s cognitive neuroscience.
Explain how split-brain research helps us understand the functions of our two brain hemispheres.
Anthony attends a high school band concert. First, identify and explain which two lobes of his brain are most important for watching and listening to the concert. Second, explain which lobe of the
Doctors sometimes have to remove a portion of the brain to control life-threatening seizures. Describe what the results of the removal of a portion of the motor cortex would be and explain how this
Cognitive neural prosthetics are placed in the brain to help control parts of thea. motor cortex.b. auditory cortex.c. somatosensory cortex.d. visual cortex.e. parietal lobe.
The most noticeable difference between human brains and other mammalian brains is the size of thea. association areas.b. frontal lobe.c. glial cells.d. reticular activating system.e. visual cortex.
George can move his hand to sign a document because the , located in the lobe of the brain, allows him to activate the proper muscles.a. somatosensory cortex; temporalb. somatosensory cortex;
Stimulation at a point on which of the following may cause a person to report being touched on the knee?a. Motor cortexb. Cerebellumc. Somatosensory cortexd. Temporal lobee. Thalamus
In general, damage to disrupts speaking, while damage to disrupts understanding of language.a. the frontal lobe; the occipital lobeb. the temporal lobe; the frontal lobec. the occipital lobe; the
Damage to which of the following could interfere with the ability to plan for the future?a. Frontal lobeb. Temporal lobec. Parietal lobed. Occipital lobee. Somatosensory cortex
Try moving your right hand in a circular motion, as if polishing a table. Then start your right foot doing the same motion, synchronized with your hand. Now reverse the right foot’s motion, but not
Has what you have learned about how our brains enable our minds affected your view of human nature?
Discuss the brain’s ability to reorganize itself, and define neurogenesis.
Identify the various regions of the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions.
Identify the role of each of the following in listening to and taking notes during a psychology lecture.• Hippocampus• Cerebellum• Cerebral cortex
Following a brain injury, Mike struggles to control his emotions and has difficulty establishing new memories.What parts of Mike’s brain have most likely been affected by his injury?
Which of the following’s primary function is processing memories?a. Cerebral cortexb. Medullac. Corpus callosumd. Hippocampuse. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is a(n) center for the brain.a. positioningb. aggressionc. balanced. memorye. reward
Which of the following brain areas is responsible for regulating thirst?a. Reticular activating systemb. Amygdalac. Hypothalamusd. Hippocampuse. Brainstem
Which of the following is sometimes referred to as the brain’s train hub, because it directs incoming sensory messages (with the exception of smell) to their proper places in the brain?a.
Which of the following scanning techniques measures glucose consumption as an indicator of brain activity?a. CTb. MRIc. fMRId. PETe. EEG
A gymnast falls and hits her head on the floor. She attempts to continue practicing, but has trouble maintaining balance. What part of her brain has probably been affected?a. Reticular formationb.
What part of the brain triggers the release of adrenaline to boost heart rate when you’re afraid?a. Amygdalab. Thalamusc. Medullad. Hippocampuse. Hypothalamus
Computer-enhanced X-rays used to create brain images are known asa. position emission tomography scans.b. functional magnetic resonance images.c. computed tomography scans.d. electroencephalograms.e.
Within what brain region would damage be most likely to disrupt your ability to skip rope?Your ability to sense tastes or sounds? In what brain region would damage perhaps leave you in a coma?
If one day researchers discover how to stimulate human limbic centers to produce as strong a reaction as found in other animals, do you think this process could be used to reduce the incidence of
Describe the limbic system’s structures and functions.
Describe the components of the brainstem, and summarize the functions of the brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum.
Describe several techniques for studying the brain’s connections to behavior and mind.
Name and describe the components and subcomponents of the peripheral nervous system.
While walking barefoot, you step on a piece of glass.Before you have a chance to consciously process what has happened, you draw your foot away from the glass.Identify and explain the three types of
Interneurons are said toa. send messages from specific body parts to the brain.b. transmit and process information within the brain and spinal cord.c. act as connectors, supporting other neurons in
Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase energy and are released by thea. thyroid glands.b. pituitary gland.c. hypothalamus.d. thalamus.e. adrenal glands.
Which branch of the nervous system calms a person?a. Central nervous systemb. Sympatheticc. Parasympatheticd. Somatice. Endocrine
Which of the following communicates with the pituitary, which in turn controls the endocrine system?a. Parathyroidsb. Autonomic nervous systemc. Hypothalamusd. Spinal corde. Pancreas
Which of the following endocrine glands may explain unusually tall height in a 12-year-old?a. Pituitaryb. Adrenalc. Pancreasd. Parathyroide. Testes
Which division of the nervous system produces the startle response?a. Parasympatheticb. Centralc. Somaticd. Sympathetice. Autonomic
Hormones are released into the .a. neurons; neurotransmittersb. chemical messengers; bloodstreamc. electrical messengers; bloodstreamd. electrical messengers; synapsee. chemical messengers; synapse
Which of the following carries the information necessary to activate withdrawal of the hand from a hot object?a. Sensory neuronb. Motor neuronc. Interneurond. Receptor neurone. Reflex
Why is the pituitary gland called the “master gland”?
Can you remember feeling an extended period of discomfort after some particularly stressful event? How long did those feelings last?
How does information flow through your nervous system as you pick up a fork? Can you summarize this process?
Does our nervous system’s design—with its synaptic gaps that chemical messenger molecules cross in an imperceptibly brief instant—surprise you? Would you have designed yourself differently?
Describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous system.
Describe the functions of the nervous system’s main divisions, and identify the three main types of neurons.
Explain the role each of the following plays in sending a message through a neuron.• Dendrites• Axon• Myelin sheath
While hiking, Ken stumbled and fell down a 10-foot drop-off. Upon landing, he sprained his ankle badly. Ken was surprised that he felt very little pain for the first half hour. Explain how the
What neurotransmitters are most likely in undersupply in someone who is depressed?a. Dopamine and GABAb. ACh and norepinephrinec. Dopamine and norepinephrined. Serotonin and norepinephrinee.
Neurotransmitters cross the to carry information to the next neuron.a. synaptic gapb. axonc. myelin sheathd. dendritese. cell body
Morphine elevates mood and eases pain, and is most similar to which of the following?a. Dopamineb. Serotoninc. Endorphinsd. Acetylcholinee. GABA
When there is a negative charge inside an axon and a positive charge outside it, the neuron isa. in the process of reuptake.b. not in the refractory period.c. said to have a resting potential.d. said
Phrenology has been discredited, but which of the following ideas has its origins in phrenology?a. Brain lateralizationb. Brain cavities contributing to sense of humorc. Bumps in the left hemisphere
Which neurotransmitter inhibits CNS activity in order to calm a person down during stressful situations?a. GABAb. Norepinephrinec. Acetylcholine
Junita does not feel like getting out of bed, has lost her appetite, and feels tired for most of the day. Which of the following neurotransmitters likely is in short supply for Junita?a. Dopamineb.
Multiple sclerosis is a result of degeneration in thea. dendrite.b. axon.c. myelin sheath.d. terminal button.e. neuron.
How do neurons communicate with one another?
Can you recall a time when the endorphin response may have protected you from feeling extreme pain?
Describe how neurotransmitters influence behavior, and explain how drugs and other chemicals affect neurotransmission.
Describe how nerve cells communicate with other nerve cells.
Describe the parts of a neuron, and explain how its impulses are generated.
Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology.
Find at least five problems in the research study described below. Identify the problem and explain how it is a violation of accepted research principles.Dr. Pauling wanted to study whether vitamin C
Dr. Tabor wanted to investigate the relationship between sleep and levels of alertness during a class for American university students. She gave surveys to 150 college freshmen in her introduction to
Sam Greene noticed an ad for an Internet dating service that claimed more people who used its service are in long-term relationships than people who didn’t. Sam, a good critical thinker, knows this
A scientist’s willingness to admit that she is wrong is an example ofa. curiosity.b. intelligence.c. humility.d. skepticism.e. cynicism.
There is a negative correlation between TV watching and grades. What can we conclude from this research finding?a. We can conclude that a student who watches a lot of TV is likely to have lower
Which of the following is not an ethical principle regarding research on humans?a. Researchers must protect participants from needless harm and discomfort.b. Participants must take part in the study
Which of the following is a potential problem with case studies?a. They provide too much detail and the researcher is likely to lose track of the most important facts.b. They are generally too
Which of the following demonstrates the need for psychological science?a. Psychology’s methods are unlike those of any other science.b. Psychological experiments are less valuable without
Why is random assignment of participants to groups an important aspect of a properly designed experiment?a. If the participants are randomly assigned, the researcher can assume that the people in
Which of the following is a positive correlation?a. As study time decreases, students achieve lower grades.b. As levels of self-esteem decline, levels of depression increase.c. People who exercise
A journalism student is writing an article about her school’s new cell-phone policy, and she’d like to interview a random sample of students. Which of the following is the best example of a
Researchers studying gender have found thata. there are more similarities than differences between the genders.b. there are no significant cognitive differences between the genders.c. there are no
“Monday morning quarterbacks” rarely act surprised about the outcome of weekend football games. This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which
Which of the following represents naturalistic observation?a. Researchers watch and record how elementary school children interact on the playground.b. Researchers bring participants into a
A researcher wants to conduct an experiment to determine if eating a cookie before class each day improves student grades. He uses two psychology classes for the experiment, providing daily cookies
When a distribution of scores is skewed, which of the following is the most representative measure of central tendency?a. Inferenceb. Standard deviationc. Meand. Mediane. Correlation coefficient
Which method should a psychology researcher use if she is interested in testing whether a specific reward in a classroom situation causes students to behave better?a. Case studyb. Experimentc.
Which descriptive statistic would a researcher use to describe how close a student’s SAT score is to a school’s average SAT score?a. Correlation coefficientb. Meanc. Mediand. Standard deviatione.
Researchers interested in studying stress gave 150 high school seniors a very difficult math exam. After the test, the researchers measured stress by examining physiological changes with extensive
Provide three reasons why nonhuman animals are sometimes used in psychological research.
Which of the following beliefs would most likely be held by an individual in a collectivist culture?a. Children should be encouraged to focus on personal goals and aspirations.b. Children should be
Which ethical principle requires that at the end of the study participants be told about the true purpose of the research?a. Institutional Review Board approvalb. Informed consentc. Confidentialityd.
What must a researcher do to fulfill the ethical principle of informed consent?a. Keep information about participants confidential.b. Allow participants to choose whether to take part.c. Protect
Which of the following is more likely to be emphasized in individualist cultures than in collectivist cultures?a. Gender differencesb. Shared goalsc. Personal achievementd. Cooperation with the
How are human and animal research participants protected?
Were any of this module’s Frequently Asked Questions your questions? Do you have other questions or concerns about psychology?

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