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social science
forensic and legal psychology
Questions and Answers of
Forensic And Legal Psychology
Explain two criticisms of the DSM.
Contrast the three clusters of personality disorders, and describe the behaviors and brain activity that characterize the antisocial personality.
Explain how anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder demonstrate the influence of psychological and genetic forces.
Describe dissociative disorders, and discuss why they are controversial.
Describe somatic symptom and related disorders.
What are somatic symptom and related disorders?
Discuss the factors that affect suicide and self-injury, and identify important warning signs to watch for in suicide-prevention efforts.
Describe how the biological and social-cognitive perspectives explain mood disorders.
Define mood disorders, and contrast major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
What are mood disorders? How does major depressive disorder differ from bipolar disorder?
Discuss the evidence for genetic influences on schizophrenia, and describe some factors that may be early warning signs of schizophrenia in children.
Discuss how brain abnormalities and viral infections help explain schizophrenia.
Contrast chronic and acute schizophrenia.
Describe the patterns of thinking, perceiving, and feeling that characterize schizophrenia.
Describe how the learning and biological perspectives explain anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.
Describe posttraumatic stress disorder.
Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Identify the different anxiety disorders.
What are the different anxiety disorders?
Discuss the prevalence of psychological disorders, and summarize the findings on the link between poverty and serious psychological disorders.
Explain why some psychologists criticize the use of diagnostic labels.
Describe how and why clinicians classify psychological disorders.
Contrast the medical model with the biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders.
Discuss the controversy over the diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Discuss how we draw the line between normality and disorder.
How should we draw the line between normality and disorder?
According to Carol Dweck, students are often hampered by a “fixed mindset.” This means they believe:a. intelligence is biologically set and unchangeable.b. it is never good to change your mind
Which of the following is true of the mental similarities between adoptive children and their adoptive parents as they age?a. Adoptive children become much more similar to their adoptive families
The correlation between the IQ scores of fraternal twins raised together is lower than IQ scores of identical twins raised together. What conclusion can be drawn from this data?a. Nothing, because
Heritability relates to thea. percentage of a person’s intelligence that is due to environmental influences.b. percentage of a person’s intelligence that is due to genetics.c. correlation of
Explain two environmental interventions that might help poverty-level schoolchildren develop better cognitive skills.
Explain whether each of the following comparisons indicates a greater influence of genetics on intelligence or a greater influence of environment on intelligence.• The correlation of intelligence
How and why do the genders differ in mental ability scores?
Describe how and why the genders differ in mental ability scores.Describe how and why racial and ethnic groups differ in mental ability scores.Discuss whether intelligence tests are inappropriately
Intellectual disability is defined by both IQ and which of the following?a. Chronological ageb. Mental agec. Adaptive abilityd. Physical conditione. Heritability
Who conducted a famous study of high IQ children?a. Lewis Termanb. David Wechslerc. Robert Sternbergd. Howard Gardnere. Alfred Binet
Which of the following best represents crystallized intelligence?a. Jake can solve math word problems quickly.b. Grandpa Milt is good at crossword puzzles.c. Aliyah has a knack for training dogs.d.
Which of the following is a longitudinal study?a. Researchers test the intelligence of all the students in a high school.b. Intelligence tests are given to the residents of a nursing home.c.
Name and describe the two main types of evidence used to determine whether there is an intellectual decline as people age.
Explain three reasons why more intelligent people might live longer.
Discuss the evidence for environmental influences on intelligence.
Discuss the evidence for a genetic influence on intelligence, and explain what is meant by heritability.
What evidence points to a genetic influence on intelligence, and what is heritability?
Which of the following can be used to demonstrate that only about 2 percent of the population scores are at least two standard deviations above the mean on an intelligence test?a. Reliability testb.
Which of the following best describes the extent to which a test yields consistent results upon retesting?a. Content validityb. Validityc. Reliabilityd. Predictive validitye. Normal curve
A test-developer defines uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. Which of the following best describes this process?a. Reliability
Name and briefly describe the three essential principals of test construction.
Describe the traits of those at the low and high intelligence extremes.
Describe the stability of intelligence scores over the life span.
Which of the following is not a component of emotional intelligence?a. Understanding emotionsb. Perceiving emotionsc. Using emotionsd. Managing emotionse. Inventing emotions
Of the following, which term best describes the condition in which a person with limited mental ability excels at a specific skill such as computation?a. Savant syndromeb. g factorc. Creative
According to Charles Spearman and others, which of the following underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test?a. Savant syndromeb. General intelligence (
According to Robert Sternberg, what kind of intelligence is assessed by traditional intelligence tests?a. Linguisticb. Practicalc. Creatived. Spatiale. Analytical
Give a summary, a strength, and a weakness of Charles Spearman’s idea of general intelligence.
Name and describe Robert Sternberg’s three intelligences.
When and why were intelligence tests created?
Explain the meanings of reliability and validity.
Explain the meaning of standardization, and describe the normal curve.
Distinguish between aptitude and achievement tests.
Discuss the history of intelligence testing.
Describe the relationship between intelligence and neural processing speed.
Describe the relationship between intelligence and brain anatomy.
Describe the four components of emotional intelligence.
Compare Gardner’s and Sternberg’s theories of intelligence.
Discuss the difficulty of defining intelligence.Present arguments for and against considering intelligence as one general mental ability.
How is intelligence defined?
Maylin has a negative attitude and is disrespectful to her peers. She is unhappy at work and has not been performing at her job as well as in the past.Unfortunately, Maylin blames her co-workers for
Alejandro has joined an online dating service in an attempt to meet some new people. He met a woman named Sakura through the website and agreed to go out on a date with her because they have many
One important difference between psychological perspectives on personality involves how each perspective tries to measure personality. Briefly explain how each of the following perspectives views
Children’s TV-viewing habits (past behavior) influence their viewing preferences (internal personal factor), which influence how television (environmental factor) affects their current behavior.
According to Carl Rogers, when we are in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate friendship, we are free to be spontaneous without fearing the loss of others’esteem. What did he call this
In Brad Bushman and Roy Baumeister’s research, how did people with unrealistically high self-esteem react when they were criticized?a. They became exceptionally aggressive.b. Many were more
Amy was sure everyone noticed how nervous she was when she spoke in front of the entire school, but later no one that she talked to mentioned it. What is the term for the belief that others are
Critics of humanistic psychology have suggested that this theory fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for which of the following?a. Empathyb. Lovec. Negativityd. Evile. Laziness
Someone from a collectivist culture is more likely to do what?a. Develop a strong sense of selfb. Give priority to group goalsc. Form casual, often temporary relationshipsd. Achieve personal goalse.
Which term describes questionnaires that cover a wide range of feelings and behaviors and are designed to assess several traits?a. Factor analysis studiesb. Peer reportsc. Achievement testsd.
What did Sigmund Freud call his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques?a. Psychoanalysisb. Humanismc. The self-conceptd. Psychosexual stagese. Free association
Which term is defined as all the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question, “Who am I?”a. Self-conceptb. Ideal selfc. Self-esteemd. Empathye. Self-acceptance
What did Abraham Maslow call the process of fulfilling our potential?a. Love needsb. Self-esteemc. Self-actualizationd. Self-transcendencee. Hierarchy of needs
Athletes who often privately credit their victories to their own abilities, and their losses to bad breaks, lousy officiating, or the other team’s exceptional performance, are exhibiting which
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following defense mechanisms buries threatening or upsetting events in the unconscious?a. Regressionb. Displacementc. Repressiond. Projectione. Rationalization
Albert Bandura proposed the social-cognitive perspective, whicha. explains the nature–nurture debate.b. predicts human behavior.c. focuses on how our environment controls us.d. explains human
A question on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) such as “I get angry sometimes” is included to determine what about the test-taker?a. Whether the person has a personality
Maylin has a negative attitude and is disrespectful to her peers. She is unhappy at work and has not been performing at her job as well as in the past.Unfortunately, Maylin blames her co-workers for
Alejandro has joined an online dating service in an attempt to meet some new people. He met a woman named Sakura through the website and agreed to go out on a date with her because they have many
One important difference between psychological perspectives on personality involves how each perspective tries to measure personality. Briefly explain how each of the following perspectives views
Who first proposed the social-cognitive perspective, and how do social-cognitive theorists view personality development?
Discuss how individualist and collectivist cultures influence people.
Discuss some evidence for self-serving bias, and contrast defensive and secure self-esteem.
Explain why psychology has generated so much research on the self, and discuss the importance of self-esteem to psychology and to human well-being.
Describe how social-cognitive researchers explore behavior, and state the criticism they have faced.
Identify the psychologist who first proposed the social-cognitive perspective, and describe how social-cognitive theorists view personality development.
Discuss whether research supports the consistency of personality traits over time and across situations.
Identify the traits that seem to provide the most useful information about personality variation.
Describe personality inventories, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses as trait-assessment tools.
Explain how psychologists use traits to describe personality.
How do psychologists use traits to describe personality?
Describe the three conditions that Carl Rogers believed were necessary for a growth-promoting climate.
Describe three criticisms that have been made of humanistic psychology.
Which of the following is an example of unconditional positive regard?a. Mr. and Mrs. Prohaska, who have been married for 37 years, credit the success of their marriage to the fact that each has been
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