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social science
forensic and legal psychology
Questions and Answers of
Forensic And Legal Psychology
If mistaken eyewitness identification has been made, how can it be exposed?What can be done during trial to reduce the impact of the identification?
Why might police departments resist adopting the four rules for conducting eyewitness identifications? Are all four of these rules worth following?
Should the use of trial consultants be outlawed? Should the state provide a trial consultant for one side of the case if the other side has hired their own consultant?
If you were a defendant in a criminal case, what kind of people would you want on your jury? What kind of juror would you want to get rid of?
If you were a judge, what would you consider a reasonable challenge for cause?
Should we eliminate peremptory challenges? If not, how many should be allowed per lawyer per trial?
How would you change the selection of jury venires? Can you think of ways to improve the representativeness of the pool of people that is summoned and the group who shows up for jury service?
Should the findings of psychological autopsies be admissible in court?Under what conditions?
Do you believe there is sufficient research evidence to demonstrate the usefulness of criminal profiling in cases involving serial killlers? Why or why not?
Under what circumstances is it useful to know that a defendant fits the profile of others who commit the type of crime the defendant is accused of committing? Is it useful to know that a defendant is
When is it reasonable to rely on criminal profiling to solve a crime? When is it counterproductive?
Why was the fingerprint of Brandon Mayfield mistakenly identified as the fingerprint of the Madrid bomber? How might this mistaken identification have been avoided or detected earlier?
Fingerprint evidence is admissible in court. Should it be?
What are the distinctions among advising, evaluating, and reforming?
Which of the following is likely to result from the release of oxytocin?a. A fight-or-flight responseb. A tend-and-befriend responsec. Social isolationd. Elevated hungere. Exhaustion
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) begins witha. resistance.b. appraisal.c. exhaustion.d. alarm.e. challenge.
Which of the following is an example of stress?a. Ray is tense and anxious as he has to decide which college to attend.b. Sunga is assigned an extra shift at work.c. Joe’s parents are allowing him
Xavier has a huge math test coming up next Tuesday.Explain two ways appraisal can determine how stress will influence his test performance.
Name and briefly describe the three phases of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
Explain why some of us are more prone than others to coronary heart disease.
Describe how stress makes us more vulnerable to disease.
Which subfield of psychology provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine?a. Cognitiveb. Healthc. Clinicald. Educationale. Community
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding emotion?a. Smiles are neither social nor emotional events.b. Inhabitants of individualist countries are more likely to display nonverbal
What do we call the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness?a. Culture-specific expressionb. Moebius syndromec. Botoxd. Facial feedback
Name the phenomenon describing the impact facial expressions can have on our disposition, and give an example.
Name four pieces of evidence that suggest women are more empathic than men.
Identify events that provoke stress responses, and describe how we respond and adapt to stress.
Which of the following characterizes the “low road”neural pathway to emotions?a. Information travels directly from the thalamus to the amygdala.b. The emotion results more slowly than it would
Which of the following is an example of cognitive appraisal?a. Randal is happy all day because he is savoring the wonderful events of yesterday.b. Charles is frightened in a dark alley because he
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states thata. emotional response occurs before cognition.b. physiological response occurs before emotional response.c. emotional response occurs before physiological
One night Samar became frightened when she was startled by a noise while walking down the street alone. Which theory of emotion would say that her fear resulted from the startle response alone?a.
Explain the role of conscious thinking in emotion according to the theory that some emotions take the high road while others take the low road.
Lynn’s boyfriend has not replied to her last three text messages. Lynn is experiencing anger, increased blood pressure, and rapid breathing. Analyze this situation using both the James-Lange and
Describe how facial expressions influence our feelings.
Discuss the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of nonverbal expressions of emotion.
Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally, and discuss gender differences in this capacity.
Discuss the effectiveness of polygraphs in using body states to detect lies.
Discuss whether different emotions activate different physiological and brain-pattern responses.
Describe the link between emotional arousal and the autonomic nervous system, and discuss the relationship between arousal and performance.
Explain whether we can experience emotions without consciously interpreting and labeling them.
Describe how arousal and expressive behaviors interact in emotion.
Explain three potentially negative effects of social networking.
Explain three things you can do to manage your social networking.
If you are trying to maintain a healthy balance between connecting with others online and a real-world perspective, which of the following suggestions should you follow?a. Monitor your feelings.b.
Which of the following words or phrases best identifies our gauge of how valued and accepted we feel?a. Hopeb. Autonomyc. Competenced. Self-esteeme. Ostracism
Which of the following statements about mobile networks and social media is accurate?a. There are more home toilets in India than there are cell phones.b. Cell phones have been history’s most
Discuss the effectiveness of polygraphs in using body states to detect lies.
Discuss whether different emotions activate different physiological and brain-pattern responses.
Describe the link between emotional arousal and the autonomic nervous system, and discuss the relationship between arousal and performance.
Explain whether we can experience emotions without consciously interpreting and labeling them.
Describe how arousal and expressive behaviors interact in emotion.
Which of the following is true concerning the effect of sex hormones?a. Hormone injections can be used to easily manipulate sexual behavior in males but not in females.b. Hormone injections can be
About percent of the population experience sexual fantasies.a. 95b. 68c. 50d. 35e. 20
Which of the following best describes the relationship between gender and orgasm?a. You can use fMRIs to identify when orgasm occurs in men, but this method is unreliable in women.b. Men describe
Describe one influence on sexual motivation from each of the following categories:• Biological• Psychological• Social-cultural
Name and briefly describe the four stages of the sexual response cycle identified by Masters and Johnson.
Describe how social networking influences us.
Describe the evidence that points to our human affiliation need—our need to belong.
What evidence points to our human affiliation need—our need to belong?
Which of the following statements is true?a. We eat less dessert when there are three different desserts available.b. Serving sizes in France are generally larger than in the United States.c. Offered
Which of the following is the best term or phrase for the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure?a. Hungerb. Set pointc. Basal metabolic rated. Body chemistrye. Settling point
Which of the following is the major source of energy in your body?a. PYYb. Arcuate nucleusc. Hypothalamusd. Ghreline. Glucose
Explain the activity of the appetite hormones insulin and leptin.
Explain the difference between set point and basal metabolic rate.
Discuss the impact of hormones, and external and internal stimuli, on human sexual motivation.
Describe the human sexual response cycle, and identify the dysfunctions that disrupt it.
Which of the following is the lowest priority motive in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?a. Belongingness and love needsb. Physiological needsc. Esteem needsd. Self-actualization needse.
Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Yerkes-Dodson law?a. Performance on easy tasks is best when arousal is low.b. Performance is best when arousal is extremely high.c.
Which of the following is an aroused motivational state created by a physiological need?a. Driveb. Instinctc. Incentived. Reflexe. Motive
Which of the following is an unlearned, complex behavior exhibited by all members of a species?a. Reflexb. Drivec. Incentived. Instincte. Motive
Describe how three different motivational theories could explain a young man’s desire to become an excellent soccer player.
How can you use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to explain why a• hungry young person would steal?• lonely new student in a school would join a club?• successful artist would continue to invest
Discuss the factors that predispose some people to become and remain obese.
Discuss cultural and situational factors that influence hunger.
Describe the physiological factors that produce hunger.
How do psychologists define motivation? From what perspectives do they view motivated behavior?
Define motivation as psychologists use the term, and identify the perspectives useful for studying motivated behavior.
According to Noam Chomsky, what is the most essential environmental stimulus necessary for language acquisition?a. Exposure to language in early childhoodb. Instruction in grammarc. Reinforcement for
Benjamin Lee Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language?a. How thinking influences languageb. How language influences thinkingc. The role of the
Which of the following demonstrates the representativeness heuristic?a. Deciding that a new kid in school is a nerd because he looks like a nerdb. Fearing air travel because of memories of plane
Which of the following is not one of Robert Sternberg’s components of creativity?a. A venturesome personalityb. Imaginative thinking skillsc. A creative environmentd. A position of ignorancee.
Which concept best explains why people often underestimate the amount of time it will take to complete a project?a. Belief perseveranceb. Framingc. Intuitiond. The availability heuristice.
Which phrase best describes the concept of phonemes?a. Units of meaning in a languageb. A form of syntaxc. The basis of grammard. Units of sound in a languagee. A form of telegraphic speech
The inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective is called what?a. Confirmation biasb. Insightc. Representativenessd. Fixatione. Availability
Which of the following most likely represents a prototype for the concept indicated in parentheses?a. A whale (mammal)b. An ostrich (bird)c. A beanbag chair (chair)d. An igloo (house)e. A golden
Which of the following illustrates a heuristic?a. Calculating the area of a rectangle by multiplying the length times the widthb. Using news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how much business
People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this
“Chair,” “freedom,” and “ball” are all examples of what?a. Phonemesb. Heuristicsc. Conceptsd. Telegraphic utterancese. Prototypes
Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on Hermann Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve research?a. Most forgetting occurs early on and then levels offb. We forget more rapidly as time
Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?a. Iva can’t remember the details of a horrifying event because she has repressed them.b. Mary has entirely forgotten about an incident in
Which of the following kinds of information is not likely to be automatically processed?a. Space informationb. Time informationc. Frequency informationd. New informatione. Rehearsed information
You are more likely to remember psychology information in your psychology classroom than in other environments because of what memory principle?a. Mood congruenceb. Context effectsc.
Mnemonic devices are least likely to be dependent upon which of the following?a. Imageryb. Acronymsc. Rhymesd. Chunkinge. Massed rehearsal
Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?a. The only name Kensie remembers from the people she met at the party is Spencer because she thought he was particularly good looking.b.
Which of the following is true regarding the role of the amygdala in memory?a. The amygdala help process implicit memories.b. The amygdala support Freud’s ideas about memory because they allow us
When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory
The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach’s halftime talk, but not her exact words.This is because they encoded the informationa. semantically.b. iconically.c.
Which of the following statements concerning memory is true?a. Hypnosis, when used as a component of therapy, usually improves the accuracy of memory.b. One aspect of memory that is usually accurate
Which of the following abilities is an example of implicit memory?a. Riding a bicycle while talking to your friend about something that happened in classb. Retrieving from memory the details of an
Which of the following describes long-term potentiation(LTP)?a. When attempting to retrieve information, it is easier to recognize than to recall.b. Constructed memories have the potential to be
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