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engineering
telecommunication engineering

Questions and Answers of Telecommunication Engineering

Briefly describe each of the major types of impairments of wireless signals.
What is the period of a signal? How is it measured?
Explain why data transmission costs increase as bandwidth increases.
What type of noise is most difficult to remove from an analog signal? Why?
What types of signals are susceptible to intermodulation distortion?
Why can noise reduction in computer networks be costly?
Describe the differences among the following types of modems: voice-grade, cable, ADSL.
What is pulse code modulation? How does it work?
What is NRZ-L? How does NRZI differ from NRZ-L?
What is 4B/5B? How does it work? Device/System Data/Signal Modem transmissions ............... A. Digital data/digital encoding Ethernet ............................... B. Digital
What are the primary differences between asynchronous and synchronous transmission?
Why is error control needed in data communications?
What are the two major components of error control?
Distinguish among analog data, analog signaling, and analog transmission.
How does parity checking work?
How does cyclical redundancy checking work?
Distinguish among digital data, digital signaling, and digital transmission.
What function does a codec perform?
Identify the major reasons why digital transmission is preferred over analog transmission in business networks.
Identify and briefly describe the three fundamental ways in which digital data are encoded as analog signals.
Contrast signaling rate and data rate.
Given the bit pattern 01100, encode this data using ASK, BFSK, and BPSK.
Suppose that a pulse code modulated signal results in a not so good representation of the original data when it is decoded by receivers. Briefly describe two ways to improve the accuracy of the
Suppose you need to download a file that is 400,000 bytes in size. Assume that control characters involved in the download increase the total number of downloaded bytes by 10% (to 440,000 bytes).
Using Manchester encoding, encode the bit pattern 01001110.
Given the character 1010010, what bit would be added to support even parity?
Locate and view several YouTube videos about the advantages of digital transmission. Identify the URLs of three that you would recommend for viewing by other business data communication students. If
Do some Internet research on the evolution of dial-up, cable, and DSL modems. In an 8-12 slide PowerPoint presentation, summarize how the capabilities and transmission speeds of each of these types
Do some online research to find several images that you think do an excellent job communicating how pulse code modulation is used to digitize analog waveforms? Also find information about common
Why is transmission efficiency an issue for business computer network managers?
Briefly describe how FDM is used to multiplex analog voice signals? How is it used to multiplex analog cable television channels?
Briefly describe how voice and data are multiplexed in ADSL.
What is SONET?
Briefly describe the differences between T-l frames and STS-1 frames.
How do data link control protocols help in the transmission of data between senders and receivers?
Identify the types of multiplexing used in cellular telephone networks.
What is multiplexing?
Briefly describe the differences between frequency-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing.
How is a channel defined in FDM? How is a channel defined in TDM?
Why is multiplexing viewed as a cost-effective data transmission option by business computer network managers?
Assume that you are to design a TDM carrier, which we call T-489, to support 30 voice channels using 6-bit samples and a structure similar to T-1. Determine the required bit rate.
To get some indication of the relative demands of voice and data traffic, consider the following: a. Calculate the number of bits used to send a three-minute telephone call using standard PCM. b. How
What is the difference between the ARPANET and the Internet?
What is the difference between an NAP and an NSP?
What is an Internet domain?
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
What is the difference between a name server and a resolver in the DNS?
Give a brief description of DNS operation.
Give a brief description of DHCP operation.
What are the roles of host, network, and routers in the Internet?
What is Mosaic?
What is the difference between an ISP and a POP?
Do some Internet research on Internet marketing. Identify major types of Internet marketing strategies that are widely used and their relative effectiveness. Also identify the major trends that may
Find and view several YouTube videos that compare circuit switching and packet switching. Identify the URLs of three videos that you think do a good job communicating the essential differences
You can interact with the server providing the IP address for your computer. For Linux you can use the command ifdown ethO followed by the command ifup ethO. This will send a series of requests to
Windows XP/7 and Linux have a program built in that will allow you to interact with the DNS server. This program is called "nslookup." Type this name into the command windows and press "Enter." What
What is a protocol?
Identify and briefly describe each of TCP/IP's five layers.
Briefly describe each of the following TCP/IP application layer protocols: SMTP, FTP, HTTP.
Briefly describe the differences among the following types of intermediate systems: layer 2 switches, routers, gateways.
What is IPsec?
Identify several applications and advantages of IPsec.
Identify the key elements of a data communication protocol.
Identify and briefly describe the major communication functions performed at the network access layer.
What are the differences between a transport protocol data unit (PDU) and a network access PDU?
The previous version of the TFTP specification, RFC 783, included the following statement: All packets other than those used for termination are acknowledged individually unless a timeout occurs. The
After starting a capture from Wireshark, start a TCP-based application like SSH, FTP, or HTTP (Web browser). Can you determine the following from your capture?a. Source and destination layer 2
Packet capture software or sniffers can be powerful management and security tools. By using the filtering capability that is built in, you can trace traffic based on several different criteria and
Using the layer models in Figure 8.14, describe the ordering and delivery of a pizza, indicating the interactions at each level.Figure 8.14
a. The French and Chinese prime ministers need to come to an agreement by telephone, but neither speaks the other's language. Further, neither has on hand a translator that can translate to the
Layering is common for communication protocols. Why? What are the advantages of layered communication protocols.
List the major disadvantages of the layered approach to protocols.
A TCP segment consisting of 1500 bits of data and 160 bits of header is sent to the IP layer, which appends another 160 bits of header. This is then transmitted through two networks, each of which
IP, TCP, and UDP all discard a packet that arrives with a checksum error and do not attempt to notify the source. Why?
What is client/server computing?
What is the distinction between client/server and intranet?
List some benefits of the information sharing provided by an extranet.
What are the communications options available for converting an intranet into an extranet?
How are machines interacting in client/server-based systems different from a typical laptop or desktop computer?
What are thick clients and thick servers, and what are the differences in philosophy of the two approaches?
What is middleware? Discuss.
The Java programming language is referred to by some as the language of the Web, due to its platform independent nature. Java uses a hybrid form of RPC and CORBA called RMI (Remote Method
A relatively new term that has been introduced to the Web environment is Web service. What is a Web service and how does it differ from the concept of a Web application?
This chapter discusses thick clients. There has been a good deal of work, past and present, in the area of thin clients. How would you characterize a thin client?
What is the port used by SMTP?
What is the difference between the RFC 821 and RFC 822?
What are the SMTP and MIME standards?
What is meant by saying that HTTP is a stateless protocol?
Explain the differences among HTTP proxy, gateway, and tunnel.
What port is used by HTTP?
E-mail systems differ in the manner in which multiple recipients are handled. In some systems, the originating user agent or mail sender makes all the necessary copies and these are sent out
What is HTTPS?
Netmeeting is a video conferencing program built into the Windows family of operating systems. It allows video, audio, or video/audio combined communications. Using Netmeeting and some basic
Suppose you need to send one message to three different users: userl@example.com, user2@example.com, and user3@example.com. Is there any difference between sending one separate message per user and
Suppose you find some technical problems with the mail account user@example.com. Who should you try to contact in order to solve them?
HTTP caching is an operation that can be controlled at the originating server, at an intermediate node, or at the client browser application. What are the potential benefits and detriments associated
RFC 3298 describes the Spirits protocol requirements. What is Sprits and how might it be relative to a discussion of SIP and PINT?
Many mail clients allow you to view the mail header that will display the path that the message traveled. Does your mail client or program have this option? If so, can you trace the message from
Describe the five classes of Internet addresses.
Explain the difference between elastic and inelastic traffic.

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