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physics
modern physics
Questions and Answers of
Modern Physics
The rear window of a van is coated with a layer of ice at 0 °C. The density of ice is 917 kg/m3. The driver of the van turns on the rear-window defroster, which operates at 12 V and 23 A. The
A piece of Nichrome wire has a radius of 6.5 × 10-4 m. It is used in a laboratory to make a heater that uses 4.00 × 102 W of power when connected to a voltage source of 120 V. Ignoring the effect
According to Equation 20.7, an ac voltage V is given as a function of time t by V = V0 sin 2πft, where V0 is the peak voltage and f is the frequency (in hertz). For a frequency of 60.0 Hz, what is
The rms current in a copy machine is 6.50 A, and the resistance of the machine is 18.6 V. What are (a) The average power and (b) The peak power delivered to the machine?
The rms current in a 47-Ω resistor is 0.50 A. What is the peak value of the voltage across this resistor?
A 550-W space heater is designed for operation in Germany, where household electrical outlets supply 230 V (rms) service. What is the power output of the heater when plugged into a 120-V (rms)
Review Conceptual Example 7 as an aid in solving this problem. A portable electric heater uses 18 A of current. The manufacturer recommends that an extension cord attached to the heater receive no
The recovery time of a hot water heater is the time required to heat all the water in the unit to the desired temperature. Suppose that a 52-gal (1.00 gal = 3.79 × 10-3 m3) unit starts with cold
A coffee-maker contains a heating element that has a resistance of 14 Ω. This heating element is energized by a 120-V outlet. What is the current in the heating element?
To save on heating costs, the owner of a greenhouse keeps 660 kg of water around in barrels. During a winter day, the water is heated by the sun to 10.0 °C. During the night the water freezes into
A 60.0-W lamp is placed in series with a resistor and a 120.0-V source. If the voltage across the lamp is 25 V, what is the resistance R of the resistor?
Multiple-Concept Example 9 discusses the physics principles used in this problem. Three resistors, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 Ω, are connected in series across a 24-V battery. Find the power delivered to
The current in a 47-Ω resistor is 0.12 A. This resistor is in series with a 28-Ω resistor, and the series combination is connected across a battery. What is the battery voltage?
Multiple-Concept Example 9 reviews the concepts that are important to this problem. A light bulb is wired in series with a 144-Ω resistor, and they are connected across a 120.0-V source. The power
One heater uses 340 W of power when connected by itself to a battery. Another heater uses 240 W of power when connected by itself to the same battery. How much total power do the heaters use when
Two resistances, R1 and R2, are connected in series across a 12-V battery. The current increases by 0.20 A when R2 is removed, leaving R1 connected across the battery. However, the current increases
Suppose that the resistance between the walls of a biological cell is 5.0 × 109 Ω. (a) What is the current when the potential difference between the walls is 75 mV? (b) If the current is composed
A coffee-maker (14 Ω) and a toaster (19 Ω) are connected in parallel to the same 120-V outlet in a kitchen. How much total power is supplied to the two appliances when both are turned on?
For the three-way bulb (50 W, 100 W, 150 W) discussed in Conceptual Example 11, find the resistance of each of the two filaments. Assume that the wattage ratings are not limited by signify cant
The drawing shows three different resistors in two different circuits. The battery has a voltage of V = 24.0 V, and the resistors have values of R1 = 50.0 Ω, R2 = 25.0 Ω, and
A 16-Ω loudspeaker, an 8.0-Ω loudspeaker, and a 4.0-Ω loudspeaker are connected in parallel across the terminals of an amplifier. Determine the equivalent resistance of the three speakers,
Two identical resistors are connected in parallel across a 25-V battery, which supplies them with a total power of 9.6 W. While the battery is still connected, one of the resistors is heated so that
A coffee cup heater and a lamp are connected in parallel to the same 120-V outlet. Together, they use a total of 111 W of power. The resistance of the heater is 4.0 × 102 Ω. Find the resistance of
Two resistors have resistances R1 and R2. When the resistors are connected in series to a 12.0-V battery, the current from the battery is 2.00 A. When the resistors are connected in parallel to the
A car battery has a rating of 220 ampere · hours (A · h). This rating is one indication of the total charge that the battery can provide to a circuit before failing. (a) What is the total charge
The drawing shows two circuits, and the same battery is used in each. The two resistances RA in circuit A are the same, and the two resistances RB in circuit B are the same. Knowing that the same
The rear window defogger of a car consists of thirteen thin wires (resistivity = 88.0 × 10-8 Ω·m) embedded in the glass. The wires are connected in parallel to the 12.0-V battery, and each has a
A 60.0-V resistor is connected in parallel with a 120.0-Ω resistor. This parallel group is connected in series with a 20.0-Ω resistor. The total combination is connected across a 15.0-V battery.
Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B in the drawing.
The circuit in the drawing contains three identical resistors. Each resistor has a value of 10.0 Ω. Determine the equivalent resistance between the points a and b, b and c, and a and c.
Find the equivalent resistance between the points A and B in the drawing.
A square, current-carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field with the plane of the loop parallel to the magnetic field (see the drawing). The dashed line is the axis of rotation. The
The drawing shows four situations in which two very long wires are carrying the same current, although the directions of the currents may be different. The point P in the drawings is equidistant from
Three long, straight wires are carrying currents that have the same magnitude. In C the current is opposite to the current in A and B. The wires are equally spaced. Each wire experiences a net force
At a location near the equator, the earth's magnetic field is horizontal and points north. An electron is moving vertically upward from the ground. What is the direction of the magnetic force that
Three particles are moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field and travel on circular paths (see the drawing). The particles have the same mass and speed. List the particles in order of their
The drawing shows the circular paths of an electron and a proton. These particles have the same charge magnitudes, but the proton is more massive. They travel at the same speed in a uniform magnetic
One component of a magnetic field has a magnitude of 0.048 T and points along the +x axis, while the other component has a magnitude of 0.065 T and points along the -y axis. A particle carrying a
An ionized helium atom has a mass of 6.6 × 10-27 kg and a speed of 4.4 × 105 m/s. It moves perpendicular to a 0.75-T magnetic field on a circular path that has a 0.012-m radius. Determine whether
A charged particle with a charge-to-mass ratio of |q|/m = 5.7 × 108 C/kg travels on a circular path that is perpendicular to a magnetic field whose magnitude is 0.72 T. How much time does it take
A charged particle enters a uniform magnetic field and follows the circular path shown in the drawing.(a) Is the particle positively or negatively charged? Why?(b) The particle's speed is 140 m/s,
A proton is projected perpendicularly into a magnetic field that has a magnitude of 0.50 T. The field is then adjusted so that an electron will follow a circular path of the same radius when it is
Suppose that an ion source in a mass spectrometer produces doubly ionized gold ions (Au2+), each with a mass of 3.27 × 10-25 kg. The ions are accelerated from rest through a potential difference of
An a-particle has a charge of +2e and a mass of 6.64 × 10-27 kg. It is accelerated from rest through a potential difference that has a value of 1.20 × 106 V and then enters a uniform magnetic field
(a) A proton, traveling with a velocity of 4.5 × 106 m/s due east, experiences a magnetic force that has a maximum magnitude of 8.0 × 10-14 N and a direction of due south. What are the magnitude
Particle 1 and particle 2 have masses of m1 = 2.3 × 10-8 kg and m2 = 5.9 × 10-8 kg, but they carry the same charge q. The two particles accelerate from rest through the same electric potential
Two of the isotopes of carbon, carbon-12 and carbon-13, have masses of 19.93 × 10-27 kg and 21.59 × 10-27 kg, respectively. These two isotopes are singly ionized (+e), each given a speed of 6.667
The ion source in a mass spectrometer produces both singly and doubly ionized species, X+ and X2+. The difference in mass between these species is too small to be detected. Both species are
Review Conceptual Example 2 as an aid in understanding this problem. A velocity selector has an electric field of magnitude 2470 N/C, directed vertically upward, and a horizontal magnetic field that
Conceptual Example 4 provides background pertinent to this problem. An electron has a kinetic energy of 2.0 × 10-17 J. It moves on a circular path that is perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field
A positively charged particle of mass 7.2 × 10-8 kg is traveling due east with a speed of 85 m/s and enters a 0.31-T uniform magnetic field. The particle moves through one-quarter of a circle in a
Review Conceptual Example 2 as background for this problem. A charged particle moves through a velocity selector at a constant speed in a straight line. The electric field of the velocity selector is
Refer to Check Your Understanding Question 10 before starting this problem. Suppose that the target discussed there is located at the coordinates x = -0.10 m and y = -0.10 m. In addition, suppose
At New York City, the earth's magnetic field has a vertical component of 5.2 × 10-5 T that points downward (perpendicular to the ground) and a horizontal component of 1.8 × 10-5 T that points
A straight wire in a magnetic field experiences a force of 0.030 N when the current in the wire is 2.7 A. The current in the wire is changed, and the wire experiences a force of 0.047 N as a result.
A horizontal wire of length 0.53 m, carrying a current of 7.5 A, is placed in a uniform external magnetic field. When the wire is horizontal, it experiences no magnetic force. When the wire is tilted
The drawing shows a wire composed of three segments, AB, BC, and CD. There is a current of I = 2.8 A in the wire. There is also a magnetic field (magnitude = 0.26 T) that is the same everywhere and
Two insulated wires, each 2.40 m long, are taped together to form a two-wire unit that is 2.40 m long. One wire carries a current of 7.00 A; the other carries a smaller current I in the opposite
A loop of wire has the shape of a right triangle (see the drawing) and carries a current of I = 4.70 A. A uniform magnetic field is directed parallel to side AB and has a magnitude of 1.80 T.(a) Find
A copper rod of length 0.85 m is lying on a frictionless table (see the drawing). Each end of the rod is attached to a fixed wire by an unstretched spring that has a spring constant of k = 75 N/m. A
A charge of -8.3 μC is traveling at a speed of 7.4 × 106 m/s in a region of space where there is a magnetic field. The angle between the velocity of the charge and the field is 52°. A force of
A horizontal wire is hung from the ceiling of a room by two massless strings. The wire has a length of 0.20 m and a mass of 0.080 kg. A uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.070 T is directed from
The two conducting rails in the drawing are tilted upward so they each make an angle of 30.0° with respect to the ground. The vertical magnetic field has a magnitude of 0.050 T. The 0.20-kg aluminum
Two coils have the same number of circular turns and carry the same current. Each rotates in a magnetic field as in Figure 21.19. Coil 1 has a radius of 5.0 cm and rotates in a 0.18-T field. Coil 2
The 1200-turn coil in a dc motor has an area per turn of 1.1 × 10-2 m2. The design for the motor specifies that the magnitude of the maximum torque is 5.8 N · m when the coil is placed in a 0.20-T
Two circular coils of current-carrying wire have the same magnetic moment. The first coil has a radius of 0.088 m, has 140 turns, and carries a current of 4.2 A. The second coil has 170 turns and
A wire has a length of 7.00 × 10-2 m and is used to make a circular coil of one turn. There is a current of 4.30 A in the wire. In the presence of a 2.50-T magnetic field, what is the maximum torque
The coil of wire in the drawing is a right triangle and is free to rotate about an axis that is attached along side AC. The current in the loop is I = 4.70 A, and the magnetic field (parallel to the
Two pieces of the same wire have the same length. From one piece, a square coil containing a single loop is made. From the other, a circular coil containing a single loop is made. The coils carry
You have a wire of length L = 1.00 m from which to make the square coil of a dc motor. The current in the coil is I = 1.7 A, and the magnetic field of the motor has a magnitude of B = 0.34 T. Find
When a charged particle moves at an angle of 25° with respect to a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic force of magnitude F. At what angle (less than 90°) with respect to this field will this
A square coil and a rectangular coil are each made from the same length of wire. Each contains a single turn. The long sides of the rectangle are twice as long as the short sides. Find the ratio
The coil in Figure 21.19a contains 410 turns and has an area per turn of 3.1 Ã 10-3 m2. The magnetic field is 0.23 T, and the current in the coil is 0.26 A. A brake shoe is pressed
In the model of the hydrogen atom created by Niels Bohr, the electron moves around the proton at a speed of 2.2 × 106 m/s in a circle of radius 5.3 × 10-11 m. Considering the orbiting electron to
A long solenoid has a length of 0.65 m and contains 1400 turns of wire. There is a current of 4.7 A in the wire. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field within the solenoid?
A long solenoid has 1400 turns per meter of length, and it carries a current of 3.5 A. A small circular coil of wire is placed inside the solenoid with the normal to the coil oriented at an angle of
Two rigid rods are oriented parallel to each other and to the ground. The rods carry the same current in the same direction. The length of each rod is 0.85 m, and the mass of each is 0.073 kg. One
Two long, straight wires are separated by 0.120 m. The wires carry currents of 8.0 A in opposite directions, as the drawing indicates. Find the magnitude of the net magnetic field at the points
A particle that has an 8.2 μC charge moves with a velocity of magnitude 5.0 × 105 m/s along the +x axis. It experiences no magnetic force, although there is a magnetic field present. The maximum
A long, straight wire carrying a current of 305 A is placed in a uniform magnetic field that has a magnitude of 7.00 × 10-3 T. The wire is perpendicular to the field. Find a point in space where the
Two circular coils are concentric and lie in the same plane. The inner coil contains 140 turns of wire, has a radius of 0.015 m, and carries a current of 7.2 A. The outer coil contains 180 turns and
A small compass is held horizontally, the center of its needle a distance of 0.280 m directly north of a long wire that is perpendicular to the earth's surface. When there is no current in the wire,
Two infinitely long, straight wires are parallel and separated by a distance of one meter. They carry currents in the same direction. Wire 1 carries four times the current that wire 2 carries. On a
The drawing shows two perpendicular, long, straight wires, both of which lie in the plane of the paper. The current in each of the wires is I = 5.6 A. Find the magnitudes of the net magnetic fields
The drawing shows two wires that both carry the same current of I = 85.0 A and are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The current in one wire is directed out of the paper, while the
The drawing shows two long, straight wires that are suspended from a ceiling. The mass per unit length of each wire is 0.050 kg/m. Each of the four strings suspending the wires has a length of 1.2 m.
Suppose that a uniform magnetic field is everywhere perpendicular to this page. The field points directly upward toward you. A circular path is drawn on the page. Use Ampère's law to show that there
The wire in Figure 21.37 carries a current of 12 A. Suppose that a second long, straight wire is placed right next to this wire. The current in the second wire is 28 A. Use Ampère’s law to find
A magnetic field has a magnitude of 1.2 × 10-3 T, and an electric field has a magnitude of 4.6 × 103 N/C. Both fields point in the same direction. A positive 1.8 μC charge moves at a speed of 3.1
A very long, hollow cylinder is formed by rolling up a thin sheet of copper. Electric charges flow along the copper sheet parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The arrangement is, in effect, a hollow
In a certain region, the earth's magnetic field has a magnitude of 5.4 × 10-5 T and is directed north at an angle of 58° below the horizontal. An electrically charged bullet is fired north and 11°
A very long, straight wire carries a current of 0.12 A. This wire is tangent to a single-turn, circular wire loop that also carries a current. The directions of the currents are such that the net
Multiple-Concept Example 7 discusses how problems like this one can be solved. A +6.00 μC charge is moving with a speed of 7.50 × 104 m/s parallel to a very long, straight wire. The wire is 5.00 cm
The x, y, and z components of a magnetic field are Bx = 0.10 T, By = 0.15 T, and Bz = 0.17 T. A 25-cm wire is oriented along the z axis and carries a current of 4.3 A. What is the magnitude of the
In a lightning bolt, a large amount of charge flows during a time of 1.8 × 10-3 s. Assume that the bolt can be treated as a long, straight line of current. At a perpendicular distance of 27 m from
A charge is moving perpendicular to a magnetic field and experiences a force whose magnitude is 2.7 × 10-3 N. If this same charge were to move at the same speed and the angle between its velocity
Two charged particles move in the same direction with respect to the same magnetic field. Particle 1 travels three times faster than particle 2. However, each particle experiences a magnetic force of
The drawing shows four insulated wires overlapping one another, forming a square with 0.050-m sides. All four wires are much longer than the sides of the square. The net magnetic field at the center
A particle has a charge of q = 15.60 μC and is located at the coordinate origin. As the drawing shows, an electric field of Ex = +245 N/C exists along the +x axis. A magnetic field also
Two parallel rods are each 0.50 m in length. They are attached at their centers to either end of a spring (spring constant = 150 N/m) that is initially neither stretched nor compressed. When 950 A of
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