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business
operations management

Questions and Answers of Operations Management

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to describing a Gantt chart? a. In a Gantt chart, activities with longer times are captured by bars that are longer along the
The critical path in a project is the sequence of activities that a. Has the shortest time. b. Has the smallest number of activities. c. Has the shortest budget. d. None of these
What is the definition of the latest completion time (LCT) of a project activity? a. LCT(Ai) = Max{LST(Aj) for which Aj is a successor of Ai} b. LCT(Ai) = Min{LST(Aj) for which Aj is a
In an AON graph of a project, there only exists one path from the first to the last activity. True or false? a. True b. False
A project activity has an earliest completion time of 5, an activity time of 3, and a latest completion time of 6. What is the slack time for the activity? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d.
Which of the following statements is correct with respect to an AON graph of a project? a. In an AON graph, the activities are on the edges of a graph. b. In an AON graph, the activities
Consider the AON graph of a project shown in Figure 19.18. The activity times are 3, 4, 2, 5, 7, 2, 2, and 3 days for activities A1 through A8, respectively. What is the critical path? a.
Consider a project with two activities that are interdependent. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Both activities can be carried out in parallel without coordination. b.
Consider the simple dependency matrix shown in Table 19.12. Which of the following statements is correct? a. The two activities are independent of each other and the project can carry out
1. How is it possible to build a house so quickly? Or, asked differently, why are other residential construction projects taking 100 times longer? 2. What lessons can be learned from this
Consider the AON graph of a project shown in Figure 19.16 Which of the following statements is correct? a. A1 is a predecessor activity to A2. b. A2 is a successor activity of
A project has four activities that take 4, 3, 6, and 7 days, respectively. What is the total completion time for the project? a. 3 days, because this is the minimum time b. 7 days, because
Draw a Gantt chart visualizing the evolution of the project from initial design competition to completion. Discuss the iteration between construction and design in the context of a dependency
Which of the following statements is correct with respect to a dependency matrix? a. An activity can have multiple predecessor activities. b. An activity can have multiple successor
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.24 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what would be the lateness of job C? TABLE 18.24 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job А В C D E
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.24 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what would be the lateness of job C? TABLE 18.24 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job А В C D E
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.24 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what would be the lateness of job C? TABLE 18.24 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job А В C D E
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.23 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what is the maximum tardiness? TABLE 18.23 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job A B C D E
Assume the jobs displayed in Table 18.22 need to be processed on a single resource and are sequenced with the WSPT rule. Which job would be processed second?a. A b. B c. C d. D e.
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.24 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what would be the lateness of job A? TABLE 18.24 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job А В C D E
Which of the following is a benefit of overbooking a resource? a. It helps to reduce the average number of jobs waiting to be processed on the resource. b. It helps to reduce the average
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.23 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what is the maximum tardiness? TABLE 18.23 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job A B C D E
If an appointment system evenly spaces out appointments throughout the day, then patients arriving during the second half of the day can expect to wait the same amount of time as patients arriving
The theory of constraints is most applicable in which of the following processes? a. An auto repair shop with one mechanic b. A chemical processing plant with numerous pieces of equipment
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.23 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what would be the tardiness of job E? TABLE 18.23 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job A B C D E
Why does the theory of constraints advocate that a manager’s attention be directed to the bottleneck of a process? a. It is useful to lower the utilization of the bottleneck. b. The
If the jobs displayed in Table 18.23 are processed using the earliestdue-date rule, what would be the lateness of job B? TABLE 18.23 Processing Times and Due Dates for Five Jobs Job A B C D E
The earliest-due-date rule always minimizes the maximum tardiness across jobs. True or false? a. True b. False
The earliest-due-date rule always minimizes the average lateness across jobs. True or false? a. True b. False
Assume the jobs displayed in Table 18.22 need to be processed on a single resource and are sequenced with the WSPT rule. What is the average inventory of the jobs? TABLE 18.22 Processing Times
Assume the jobs displayed in Table 18.22 need to be processed on a single resource and are sequenced with the WSPT rule. What is the average flow time of the jobs (in minutes)? TABLE 18.22
Jobs have different processing times and due dates. If a job is finished earlier than its due date but one day sooner than expected, how does this change the job’s tardiness? a. Tardiness
Assume the jobs displayed in Table 18.22 need to be processed on a single resource and are sequenced with the WSPT rule. What is the average flow rate of the jobs (in jobs per minute)? TABLE
Jobs have different processing times and due dates. If a job is finished earlier than its due date but one day sooner than expected, how does this change the job’s lateness? a. Lateness
Which of the following statements best explains why an organization would use weighted shortest processing time instead of shortest processing time? a. Jobs differ in how important it is for
Given the projects displayed in Table 18.21, if SPT is used to sequence the jobs, what is the average inventory of the projects (in projects)? Project P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Processing time (hours)
With weighted shortest processing time, jobs are scheduled at a resource in what order? a. In increasing order of their processing times b. In the order they arrived c. In decreasing
Given the projects displayed in Table 18.21, if SPT is used to sequence the jobs, what is the average flow time of the projects (in hours)? Project P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Processing time (hours) 4 1
The difference in the average flow time between shortest processing time and first-come-first-served is greatest when a. All of the jobs have the same processing times. b. The utilization
Given the projects displayed in Table 18.21, if SPT is used to sequence the jobs, what is the average flow rate of the projects (in projects per hour)? Project P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
The flow time of every job is lower with shortest processing time than with first-come-first-served. True or false? a. True b. False
Given the projects displayed in Table 18.21, if FCFS is used to sequence the jobs, what is the average inventory of the projects (in projects)? Project P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Processing time
Depending on how jobs arrive to a resource, it is possible that the average flow time of the jobs with first-come-first-served is lower than that with shortest processing time. True or false? a.
Given the projects displayed in Table 18.21, if FCFS is used to sequence the jobs, what is the average inventory of the projects (in projects)? Project P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Processing time (hours)
Shortest processing time minimizes the flow time of jobs at a resource because it reduces the processing times of the jobs. True or false? a. True b. False
Given the projects displayed in Table 18.21, if FCFS is used to sequence the jobs, what is the average flow time of the projects (in hours)? Project P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Processing time (hours) 4
Suppose there is a set of jobs to be processed at a resource. Shortest processing time always sequences the jobs in a different order than first-come-first-served. True or false? a. True b.
1. Keeping the number of guests in the park constant, by adding Fastpass, does the average number of guests served per attraction change? For which types of attractions does it change the most (e.g.,
Given the projects displayed in Table 18.21, if FCFS is used to sequence the jobs, what is the average flow rate of the projects (in projects per hour)? Project P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8
Which of the following performance measures depend(s) on how work is sequenced at a resource? a. Only inventory b. Only flow rate c. Only flow time d. Inventory and flow
At the Millbrook High School cafeteria, students proceed along a series of stations in a single line: (1) get tray and utensils, (2) choose food, (3) select beverage, (4) pay. The school is
Which of the following most directly expresses the motivation behind the expression “buffer or suffer”? a. Adding inventory to a process is likely to increase the flow time. b. To
In the Erlang loss model, pooling is an effective strategy because it always increases implied utilization. True or false? a. True b. False
In the Erlang loss model, system A has 5 servers and an implied utilization of 125 percent, while system B has 15 servers and an implied utilization of 125 percent. Which of the following statements
In the Erlang loss model, which of the following is a benefit of reducing the variability of processing times? a. The denial of service probability decreases. b. The flow rate
The denial of service probability decreases if more servers are added and nothing else changes. True or false? a. True b. False
In the Erlang loss model, which best describes the relationship between implied utilization and utilization? a. Implied utilization is always greater than utilization. b. Implied
In the Erlang loss model, which of the following most likely increases lost demand? a. An increase in the average interarrival time b. An increase in the average processing time c. An
If capacity exceeds demand, then all flow units are served. True or false? a. True b. False
A pediatric practice has five physicians. Historically, patients were assigned to one physician and these patients always were treated by the same physician. For example, Alice’s patients always
Huduko operates with a utilization of 30 percent. The interarrival time of jobs is 8 milliseconds (0.008 second) with a coefficient of variation of 1.5. On average, there are 20 jobs waiting in the
CloudRack provides web hosting services on its five servers. When a person requests a page from one of its hosted websites, the server must find the page and send it to the person’s browser. These
Experience the Tour de France (ETF) is a specialty travel agent. It arranges vacations for amateur cyclists who want to experience the Tour de France by riding through one or more stages in the race.
A small call center normally has five employees answering calls while open. On average, five calls arrive every four minutes. Under normal operating conditions, each employee on average handles each
Using the information for Find a Doctor in the previous question, how long (in minutes) does one of their customers spend, on average, waiting on hold before he or she can start speaking to a
Find a Doctor is a small startup that helps people find a physician who best meets their needs (location, insurance accepted, etc.). During a “slow” time for it, it has seven staff members taking
Larry Ellison starts a company that manufactures high-end custom leather bags. He hires two employees. Each employee only begins working on a bag when a customer order has been received and then she
Go Fly (GF), a startup airline, installed five self-serve kiosks to check in passengers at its Denver gate. In comparison to the five employees that were previously responsible for checking in
The graph in Figure 16.17 plots the number of customers in a queuing system with two servers. The average processing time of each server is 400 seconds, with a standard deviation of 400 seconds.
Max Stamp approves study abroad documents for the university. Students must wait in line with their forms outside Max’s office. One student at a time is allowed in his office and Max takes
Suppose processing times and the coefficients of variation of interarrival times and processing times are held constant. If utilization is increased from 80 percent to 90 percent, which of the
Huduko Inc. offers a number of computer services. One server handles its own web page. It receives requests for web pages at the rate of 90 per second. The standard deviation of these interarrival
YourNurse (YN) Inc. uses certified nurses to answer medical queries from customers over the phone. When patients call into YN, they are first asked to provide their zip code, which then allows YN to
Which of the following lines in the graphs in Figure 16.16 best depicts the relationship between utilization and waiting time in a queuing system? (Assume the utilizations depicted are less than 100
Which of the following best reflects pooling capacity to reduce restroom queue lengths?a. Add more toilets to increase capacity. b. Install a flexible partition that can alter the size of the
From 6am to 9am customers arrive in droves to Betty’s Bakery for her annual, 1 day only, cake sale. During that 3 hour period 1.75 customers enters the Bakery every minute. Betty and her staff can
The following four graphs (Figure 16.15A, B, C, and D) display the number of customers in a queuing system (y-axis) over a long period of time (x-axis). Which of the following is most likely a stable
Queuing system A has a utilization of 80 percent, and queuing system B has a utilization of 90 percent. Both have a single server. Say the utilization of both systems increases by 5 percent; that is,
Which of the following is NOT a useful technique to reduce the average waiting time during a peak demand period in which the demand rate exceeds capacity? a. A city charges cars an extra fee for
To what extent does the equation for the waiting time in a queue help explain why queues for the women’s room might be longer than queues for the men’s room before 2005 in New York City? Say
A summer camp that offers one-week programs faces the challenges of long queues as parents try to check in their children each Saturday morning. If they were to add more staff to assist with the
A sales organization creates a new sales forecast by simply taking the average of demand forecasts that each sales manager generated individually. What type of subjective forecasting approach best
Deseasonalizing old demand data is the process of reintroducing the seasonal effect to forecasted data. True or false? a. True b. False
The seasonality index is based on demand fluctuations that are additive. True or false? a. True b. False
A startup has a demand that goes up by 50 percent each year. This demand increase is multiplicative. True or false? a. True b. False
Using the double exponential smoothing forecast, is it possible to forecast a demand that is bigger than any previously observed demand? a. Yes b. No
Using the exponential smoothing forecast, is it possible to forecast a demand that is bigger than any previously observed demand? a. Yes b. No
Using the moving average forecast, is it possible to forecast a demand that is bigger than any previously observed demand? a. Yes b. No
How big is the effect of statistical noise on the naїve forecast?a. Large b. Medium c. Small
Mary, Susan, and Sarah are running a beach boutique on the boardwalk of Ocean City. Their favorite product is a red lifeguard hoodie. Mary believes it will sell 340 times next season. Susan forecasts
The intuition behind the MAE metric to evaluate old forecasts is a. to sum up the forecast errors. b. To sum up the squared forecast errors. c. To sum up the absolute values of the
La Villa is a ski resort in the Italian Alps. Many guests visit the town; however, most of them come in the winter season because of the phenomenal skiing. A group of hotels has analyzed their demand
The intuition behind the MSE metric to evaluate old forecasts is a. To sum up the forecast errors. b. To sum up the squared forecast errors. c. To sum up the absolute values of the
MyApp is a small but growing startup that sees demand for several of its apps increase quickly. For the last six months, monthly downloads were 235,000, 290,000, 336,000, 390,000, 435,000, and
A company has an unbiased forecast for its demand. What does that mean? a. All forecast errors are equal to zero. b. All forecast errors are less than 1 percent. c. The average of all
A police station had to deploy police officers for emergencies multiple times the last four evenings. The numbers of emergencies for Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday were 7, 4, 8, and 11,
What is the definition of a forecast error? a. The average difference between the forecast and the actual outcome b. The maximum difference between the forecast and the actual
A police station had to deploy police officers for emergencies multiple times the last four evenings. The numbers of emergencies for Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday were 7, 4, 8, and 11,
A pizza chain wants to forecast the demand rate for each store for each hour in the day. What type of forecasting method is it most likely to deploy? a. Automated forecasting b. Expert
A police station had to deploy police officers for emergencies multiple times the last four evenings. The numbers of emergencies for Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday were 7, 4, 8, and 11,

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