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business
organization theory and design

Questions and Answers of Organization Theory and Design

3 If you were part of a consulting team assigned to improve the operations of each organization, what recommendations would you make?You will be analyzing the technology used in three different
2 From the preceding data, determine if the structure and other characteristics fit the technology.You will be analyzing the technology used in three different restaurants: McDonald’s, a popular
1 Is the technology used the best one for each restaurant, considering its goals and environment?You will be analyzing the technology used in three different restaurants: McDonald’s, a popular
11 Describe the sociotechnical systems model. Why might some managers oppose a sociotechnical systems approach?
10 To what extent does the development of new technologies simplify and routinize the jobs of employees?How can new technology lead to job enlargement?Discuss.
9 In which quadrant of Perrow’s framework would a mass-production technology be placed? Where would small-batch and continuous process technologies be placed? Why? Would Perrow’s framework lead
8 A top executive claimed that top-level management is a craft technology because the work contains intangibles, such as handling personnel, interpreting the environment and coping with unusual
7 In what primary ways does the design of service firms typically differ from that of product firms?Why?
6 Mass customization of products has become a common approach in manufacturing organizations.Discuss ways in which mass customization can be applied to service firms as well.
5 What is a service technology? Are different types of service technologies likely to be associated with different structures? Explain.
4 How do flexible manufacturing and lean manufacturing differ from other manufacturing technologies?Why are these new approaches needed in today’s environment?
3 Describe Woodward’s classification of organizational technologies. Explain why each of the three technology groups is related differently to organization structure and management processes.
2 Explain Thompson’s levels of interdependence. Identify an example of each level of interdependence in the university or college setting. What kinds of coordination mechanisms should an
1 Where would your university or college department be located on Perrow’s technology framework? Look for the underlying variety and analyzability characteristics when making your assessment. Would
4 How can an international business start to develop an employee development strategy that sustains creativity and competitive advantage in the volatile business environment of today?
3 Discuss the importance of having effective environmental scanning with your employee development team and identify improvements that could be introduced to more effectively support the talent
2 Choose a global company discussed in this chapter and analyze the global employee development practices that could be adopted by the company. Consider their potential impact on future corporate
1 Highlight the main stages of employee and talent development undertaken by your organization and examine the business and human resource management challenges experienced at each stage of
3 How can building strong foundations of a new organizational development strategy encourage international creativity and innovation?This case does not focus on the technical aspects of international
2 Why are the levers of globalization so important to understand, influence and manage the implementation of a strategic talent management programme?This case does not focus on the technical aspects
1 Why should companies attempt to inhabit a world of great creative business opportunity?This case does not focus on the technical aspects of international business theory, but rather focuses on
2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using films to understand another culture?As a group, watch a film made in another country from your own (or, alternately, go to the cinema when a
1 What were the key differences you observed in the film’s culture versus your own?As a group, watch a film made in another country from your own (or, alternately, go to the cinema when a foreign
14 Find three different consumer products, such as a shirt, a toy and a shoe. Try to find out the following information for each product, as shown in the table. To find this information, use
13 What are global value chains, and why are they a useful way of looking at production organization today? What might be some options managers could consider if they wanted their corporation to
12 What are the potential benefits and dangers to a company of offshoring some of its production? What steps would a company’s managers need to take in order to determine whether it should
11 What strategies can companies from emerging economies with limited domestic markets take in order to succeed in the global economy?
10 What does it mean to say that the transnational model is based on a philosophy of interdependence?
9 Do you believe it is possible for a global company to achieve simultaneously the goals of global efficiency and integration, national responsiveness and flexibility, and worldwide learning and
8 Traditional values in Mexico appear to support high power distance and a low tolerance for uncertainty.What would you predict about a company that opens a division in Mexico and tries to implement
7 Name some of the elements that contribute to greater complexity for international organizations.How do organizations address this complexity? Do you think these elements apply to an online company
6 When would an organization consider using a matrix structure? How does the global matrix differ from the domestic matrix structure described in Chapter 4?
5 What are some of the primary reasons a company decides to expand internationally? Identify a company in the news that has recently built a new overseas facility. Which of the three motivations for
4 Why is knowledge sharing so important to a global organization?
3 Why would a company want to join a strategic alliance rather than go it alone in international operations?What do you see as the potential advantages and disadvantages of international alliances?
2 Name some companies that you think could succeed today with a globalization strategy and explain why you selected those companies. How does the globalization strategy differ from a multidomestic
1 Under what conditions should a company consider adopting a global geographic structure as opposed to a global product structure?
2 This chapter presents four distinctive perspectives on interorganizational relationships – the resource-dependence perspective, the collaborative-network perspective, the population-ecology
1 Increasingly managers are faced with challenges far too complex for an organization to resolve singlehandedly. In the case of under-nutrition there are issues related to hunger, issues related to
5 The instructor will lead a discussion on the exercise addressing the following questions:a Which groups had the most trust? How did that influence behaviour?b Which groups shared more information?
4 The observers will report the solutions reached. The groups will describe the decision-making process used.
3 Role-play: Instructor announces, ‘I am Mr/Ms Cardoza, the owner of the remaining Ugli oranges. My fruit export firm is based in South America. My country does not have diplomatic relations with
2 Roland and Jones will read only their own roles, but the observer will read both.
1 Form groups of three members. One person will be Dr Roland, one person will be Dr Jones and the third person will be an observer.
3 Give an example in which a fad did not work as expected. Explain the reason why it did not work.
2 Why do you think the fads were adopted? To what extent were the fads adopted to truly improve productivity and morale versus a concern to appear current in its management techniques compared to the
1 How were these fads used in organizations? Use real examples from your readings.
10 How do mimetic forces differ from normative forces? Give an example of each.
9 How does a concern for legitimacy result in organizations becoming more similar over time?
8 Do you believe that legitimacy really motivates a large, powerful organization such as Walmart?
7 Explain how the process of variation, selection and retention might explain innovations that take place within an organization.
6 The population-ecology perspective argues that it is desirable to have new organizations emerging and old organizations dying as the environment changes. Do you agree? Why would European countries
5 Discuss how the adversarial versus partnership orientations work among students in class. Is there a sense of competition for grades? Is it possible to develop a partnership orientation in which
4 Many senior managers today were trained under assumptions of adversarial relationships with other companies. Assuming this to be the case, what are some of the implications and how might these be
3 Assume you are the manager of a small firm that is dependent on a large computer manufacturing customer. Put yourself in the position of the small firm and describe what actions you would take to
2 How do you feel about the prospect of becoming a manager and having to manage a set of relationships with other companies? Discuss.
1 The concept of business ecosystems implies that organizations are more interdependent than ever before. From personal experience, do you agree? Explain.
Why is it valuable to invest time in clarifying the mission or mandate of a sub-unit as part of a design process?
What are the key elements of mission statements according to Haeckel (1999)?
How can potential conflicts (coupling)between functional requirements be identified?
What different types of interdependencies exist according to Thompson (1967)?
How may these interdependencies be represented in a design structure matrix (DSM)?
How may interdependencies between different tasks or roles be identified?
Why are interdependencies sometimes neglected?
How can one ensure that the formal structure of an organization(or a sub-unit)is aligned with the work process interdependencies?
A large organization has a rule that every department should consist of at least
employees.Two departments, HR and Finance, have only
employees each. Consequently, management decides to merge the two departments into one, even though they have little in common and are responsible for different work processes. Where would you place
A firm produces only two products that are highly interrelated technically.The firm has been growing steadily and now has several hundred employees.The CEO believes that as a medium sized firm, it
What considerations are important when determining the size of units?
Try to obtain an organization chart for a fairly large firm or governmental organization(e.g., by accessing its internet site).What is its main function?What grouping criteria have been used to
Managers must sometimes choose between a grouping that optimizes work flow and a grouping that optimizes resource utilization or that provides economies of scale. Is it possible to develop a formal,
Several metrics have been proposed for assessing the degree of modularity(sub-unit independence)of a system represented in a DSM (see e.g., Hölttä-Otto et al., 2012). However, so far, we lack a
Algorithms have been developed to cluster DSM data and reduce coordination costs (e.g., Yu et al., 2007). However, they rely on assumptions and we lack empirical data about the actual coordination
How do you evaluate the criticality and uncertainty of an interdependency?
What are the key characteristics of the five types of interdependencies described in this chapter?
What may managers do to ensure that the members of their sub-units are aware of, and effectively manage, interdependencies toward other units?
Select a sub-unit that you are familiar with (e.g., a team in the company where you work, a university department, etc.). Interview a member of the unit and use the questions above to identify the
From the business press or your personal experience, select a case where a company is attempting to resolve a performance problem involving one of its sub-units and its relations to other units
To what extent could the consideration of current and potential interdependencies sensitize sub-unit managers or employees to uncertain interdependencies and improve the ability to predict
How could interdependency misalignment be operationalized and measured?
What are the performance implications of interdependency misalignment?
Thompson (1967) assumed that interdependencies were strongly linked to work processes, yet in many settings, one may be able to alter the work processes in order to change the degree of
In general, how can one map the structure of a design that stakeholders perceive as excessively complex?
Why do responsibility overlaps emerge in many large organizations?
How can horizontal customer-supplier roles be consistently defined?
How can you reduce the number of interdependencies between individuals or teams?
What options are available when one wants to simplify an organization where functional requirements for different sub-units(i.e., business goals) are in conflict?
Why are different interdependency types (or dimensions), such as governance versus resources interdependencies), sometimes misaligned?
What would be an appropriate research methodology to verify that the categorization of issues proposed in this chapter is representative, or alternative, identify an improved conceptualization?
How could one more systematically test out, and further improve, the proposed interventions aimed at reducing complexity(i.e., the design propositions)?
How does organization design differ from the traditional conception of organization theory?
What does the concept of hierarchical decomposition entail?
What is the relationship between strategy and organizational structure?
What are some key assumptions in the information processing view of organization design?
How do organization design choices influence organizational effectiveness?
What are the characteristics of (good) architecture that suggest how we can design more effective organizations?
What are the five “layers” of design parameters?
How would you formulate the key functional requirements for a university, or a hospital? What would be the design parameters?
The chapter reviews the advantages of the axiomatic design approach. What may be some limitations of this approach?

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