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statistics for experimentert

Questions and Answers of Statistics For Experimentert

What is the value of Wilks’ lambda?(a) 9(b) 0.574(c) 0.742(d) None of the above
What is the value of Box’s M?(a) 8.49(b) 58320(c) 0.058(d) 3
It is possible to extract:(a) As many factors as variables(b) More factors than variables(c) More variables than factors(d) None of the above
A scree plot is a number of:(a) Variables plotted against variance accounted for(b) Variables plotted against factor loadings(c) Factors plotted against correlation coeffi cients(d) None of the above
The original unrotated matrix is usually rotated so that:(a) The factors are more signifi cant(b) The mathematical calculations are easier(c) Interpretation is easier(d) All of these
The decision on how many factors to keep is decided on:(a) Statistical criteria(b) Theoretical criteria(c) Both (a) and (b)(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Using the correlational matrix to perform factor analysis rather than the variance–covariance matrix ensures that the data:(a) Will be statistically signifi cant(b) Are standardised(c) Are
Factor analysis requires that variables:(a) Are not related to each other(b) Are related to each other(c) Have only a weak relationship with each other(d) Are measured in the same units
Factor analysis deals with:(a) Patterns of correlations(b) Patterns of mean values(c) Frequency counts(d) None of the above
A vector is:(a) A curved line with an indefi nite length(b) A straight line with an indefi nite length(c) A straight line with a defi nite length(d) A curved line with a defi nite length
Look at the following diagram.These variables are:(a) Perfectly related to each other (b) Totally unrelated to each other (c) Share a moderate correlation with each other (d) None of the above
A factor is thought of as an underlying latent variable:(a) That is infl uenced by observed variables(b) That is unexplained by unobserved variables(c) Along which individuals differ(d) Along which
The differences between factor analysis and principal components analysis are relatively unimportant when the dataset is:(a) Large and the participant numbers are high(b) Large and the participant
In order to name factors that have been extracted, researchers look at:(a) The rotated factor loadings(b) The unrotated factor loadings(c) The table of eigenvalues(d) None of the above
The group with the widest confi dence interval around the mean level of verbal ability is:(a) Group 1(b) Group 2(c) Group 3(d) They are all identical
The strongest difference between the groups is between:(a) 1 + 2 versus 3(b) 2 + 3 versus 1(c) 1 + 3 versus 2(d) They are all identical
The effect size for the differences between the groups is approximately:(a) 2%(b) 12%(c) 21%(d) 70%
Which is the most appropriate statement? The differences between the groups are:(a) Likely to have arisen by sampling error alone F(1,65) = 150.46, p < 0.001(b) Likely to have arisen by sampling
The highest level of verbal ability is shown by:(a) Group 1(b) Group 2(c) Group 3(d) They are all identical
Using difference scores in a pretest–posttest design does not partial out the effect of the pretest for the following reason:(a) The pretest scores are not normally correlated with the posttest
The dependent variable is:(a) Reaction time(b) Group(c) Age(d) None of the above
The covariate is:(a) Reaction time(b) Group(c) Age(d) None of the above
The independent variable is:(a) Reaction time(b) Group(c) Age(g) None of the above
His analysis would show:(a) Differences between groups on the memory test, partialling out the effects of IQ(b) Differences on IQ, partialling out the effects of IQ(c) Differences on IQ, partialling
Which is the covariate?(a) Scores on the memory test(b) The amounts of alcohol(c) IQ(d) None of the above
When carrying out a pretest–posttest study, researchers often wish to:(a) Partial out the effect of the dependent variable(b) Partial out the effect of the pretest(c) Reduce the correlation between
You can perform ANCOVA on:(a) Two groups(b) Three groups(c) Four groups(d) All of the above
Four groups have the following means on the covariate: 35, 42, 28, 65.What is the grand mean?(a) 43.5(b) 42.5(c) 56.7(d) None of the above
The difference between the groups is:(a) Unlikely to have occurred by sampling error, assuming the null hypothesis to be true (F(2,470)= 387.806; p < 0.001)(b) Unlikely to have occurred by sampling
The covariate is:(a) Beginning Salary(b) PREVEXP(c) JOBCAT(d) None of the above
The dependent variable is:(a) Beginning Salary(b) PREVEXP(c) JOBCAT(d) None of the above
The use of ANCOVA is sometimes controversial when:(a) Randomly allocating participants to conditions(b) Assumptions have not been met(c) Using intact groups(d) (b) and (c)
ANCOVA adjusts the means on the covariate, so that the mean covariate score is:(a) The same for all groups(b) Different for all groups(c) The same for all participants(d) It depends
ANCOVA shows us how likely it is that differences between conditions are due to sampling error, once means have been adjusted for the relationship between:(a) The dependent variable and the
Which is the most appropriate statement?(a) As stress increased by 1 standard deviation, blood pressure increased by nearly half a standard deviation(b) As stress increased by 1 standard deviation,
Which is the most appropriate statement? The explanatory variables predicted(a) 6.5% of the variation in blood pressure(b) 42% of the variation in blood pressure(c) 6.5% of the variation in stress(d)
Saeeda doesn’t know about the necessity for large participant numbers in multiple regression. She’s only got 20 participants in her study, and she has 10 explanatory variables. Which is the most
Kieran wants to perform a standard multiple regression using six explanatory variables. He is only interested in the overall R2. According to Tabachnick and Fidell’s formula, how many participants
Multicollinearity means:(a) There are high intercorrelations among the predictor variables(b) The predictor variables are positively correlated with the criterion variable(c) The variables show a
a is:(a) 0.514(b) 0.790(c) 0.276(d) 0.571
The slope of the line (b) for previous history rating is:(a) 0.514(b) 0.790(c) 0.276(d) 0.571
The achieved signifi cance level associated with the F-value of 18.182 is:(a) 0.824(b) 0.36(c)
The predictor variables are called:(a) Credit rating and age(b) Credit rating and previous history rating(c) Previous history and age(d) The criterion variables
For every 1 standard deviation rise in previous history rating, credit rating:(a) Decreases by 0.5 of a standard deviation(b) Increases by 0.5 of a standard deviation(c) Decreases by 0.3 of a
The correlation between credit rating and the other variables is:(a) 0.867(b) 0.752(c) 0.711(d) 1.32
Psychologists use regression mainly to:(a) Assess relationships between variables(b) Use the regression formula for further research(c) Look at differences between groups(d) None of the above
How many degrees of freedom would you have where the linear regression scatterplot had only ONE datapoint? (very unrealistic we know . . . )(a) Zero(b) One(c) Two(d) Three
a is:(a) 1.75772(b) 1.5455(c) 4.19978(d) 0.01659
b is:(a) 2.049(b) 0.31928(c) 0.01659(d) None of these
The exact probability value of the results having occurred by sampling error, assuming the null hypothesis to be true, is:(a) 0.0000(b) 0.05(c) 4.19978(d) 0.048
Marks on MRL would be called:(a) The predictor variable(b) The criterion variable(c) The covariate(d) The constant
In a linear regression analysis, the residuals are:(a) Actual scores minus the predicted scores(b) Actual scores plus the predicted scores(c) The correlation between the actual and predicted
In linear regression, where only one variable predicts y, and F is statistically signifi cant at p = 0.049, then:(a) The value of p for t = 0.049(b) The value of p for t = 0.0245(c) The value of p
The line of best fi t:(a) Minimises the distance between the scores and the regression line(b) Is the best of all possible lines(c) Maximises the correlation between x and y(d) All of these
If you have a 2 × 2 between-participants design, what should be the fi rst step before generating descriptive statistics in SPSS?(a) Transform your data(b) Split the datafi le(c) Conduct t-tests(d)
How many effects are we comparing against their respective null hypotheses in a 2 × 2 × 2 ANOVA?(a) 3(b) 5(c) 7(d) 8
If you had a completely within-participants design, with each IV having two conditions, how would you examine the simple effects?(a) With independent t-tests, being careful to select the correct
If you had an MS for your main effect of 12.4 and an MS for the error term of 3.1, what would your F-value be?(a) 6.2(b) 4.1(c) 3.1(d) 4
What is the defi nition of a simple effect?(a) The effect of one variable on another(b) The difference between two conditions of one IV at one level of another IV(c) The easiest way to get a signifi
Partial h2 is:(a) A measure of the power of your analyses(b) Equal to h2(c) Usually much greater than h2(d) A measure of magnitude of effect
What are the sources of variance in a completely within-participants design with two IVs?(a) Main effect of IV1 plus error, main effect of IV2 plus the error, interaction between IV1 and IV2 plus
How would you describe a 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 7 ANOVA?(a) Sensible(b) An ANOVA with two variables with three conditions, fi ve variables with seven conditions and seven variables with one condition(c)
The Mauchley sphericity test is:(a) A test of the assumption that the standard errors of the difference between means of the withinparticipants variables are equal(b) A test that the data used in
How many effects are we comparing against their respective null hypotheses in a 2 × 2 ANOVA?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4
Look at the following error bar chart. What would be the sensible conclusion?(a) That there are main effects of the two IVs and an interaction, which are probably not attributable to sampling error
How much variation in driving errors is accounted for by the interaction between CARBUS and AREA?(a) 93%(b) 5.2%(c) 60.7%(d) 65.9%
How is the F-value for the interaction calculated?(a) 4.900 ÷ 12.100(b) 12.100 ÷ 67.600(c) 67.600 ÷ 1.217(d) None of the above
What is the p-value for the main effect of CARBUS?(a) 0.003(b) 9.945(c) 0.101(d) None of the above
What is the obvious conclusion from this printout?(a) That there is a main effect of AREA and an interaction, which are probably not due to sampling error(b) That there is only an interaction between
When generating error bar charts for a study with two IVs, each with two conditions, which combination of options should you select in SPSS?(a) Simple along with Summaries of groups of cases(b)
Partial h2 is:(a) A measure of the magnitude of the probability that the effects are due to sampling error(b) A measure of magnitude of effect used with ANOVA(c) A left-wing terrorist organisation(d)
What are the various sources of variance in an ANOVA with two between-participants IVs?(a) Variance attributable to the populations(b) Variance attributable to the two IVs and the error(c) Variance
ANOVA is useful for:(a) Teasing out the individual effects of factors on an IV(b) Analysing data from research with more than one IV and one DV(c) Analysing correlational data(d) All of the above
How would you describe a 2 × 2 × 4 ANOVA?(a) One IV with three conditions(b) One IV with four conditions and one IV with two conditions(c) One IV with four conditions and two IVs with two
Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, the difference between conditions 1 and 2 has a:(a) 5% chance of arising by sampling error(b) 6% chance of arising by sampling error(c) 19% chance of
Which two conditions show the largest difference?(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 and 3(c) 1 and 4(d) They are identical
Which is the most appropriate statement?(a) F(2,12) = 5.62, p = 0.020(b) F(1,6) = 5.62, p = 0.051(c) F(2,12) = 5.62, p = 0.049(d) F(1,6) = 5.62, p = 0.055
Which is the most appropriate answer? The effect size is:(a) 5.7%(b) 57%(c) 0.57%(d) 5%
Look at the following output, which relates to a repeated-measures ANOVA with three conditions.Assume sphericity has been violated.Which is the most appropriate statement?The difference between the
The following is output relating to a post-hoc test, after a one-way ANOVA:Which groups differ signifi cantly from each other?(a) Clerical and custodial occupations only (b) Custodial and manager
Calculating how much of the total variance is due to error and the experimental manipulation is called:(a) Calculating the variance(b) Partitioning the variance(c) Producing the variance(d)
If, in an analysis of variance, you obtain a partial eta2 of 0.52, then how much of the variance in scores on the dependent variable can be accounted for by the independent variable?(a) 9%(b) 52%(c)
The assumption of sphericity means that:(a) The variances of all the sample groups should be similar(b) The variances of the population difference scores should be the same for any two conditions(c)
Dr Colin Cashew allots each of 96 participants randomly to one of four conditions. As Colin Cashew is very conscientious, he meticulously inspects his histograms and other descriptive statistics, and
Individual differences within each group of participants are called:(a) Treatment effects(b) Between-participants error(c) Within-participants error(d) Individual biases
Herr Hazelnuss is thinking about whether he should use a related or unrelated design for one of his studies. As usual, there are advantages and disadvantages to both. He has four conditions. If, in a
Differences between groups, which result from our experimental manipulation, are called:(a) Individual differences(b) Treatment effects(c) Experiment error(d) Within-participants effects
Professor P. Nutt is examining the differences between the scores of three groups of participants.If the groups show homogeneity of variance, this means that the variances for the groups:(a) Are
The relationship between the F ratio and t-value is explained by:(a) t3 = F(b) F2 = t(c) t2 = F(d) f 3 = t
The F-ratio is a result of:(a) Within-groups variance/between-groups variance(b) Between-groups variance/within-groups variance(c) Between-groups variance × within-groups variance(d) Between-groups
Here are the results for the KNOWLEDGE questionnaire, which the students completed after their one-hour lecture:Which is the most sensible conclusion?(a) There are signifi cant differences between
The following is also given with the above printout:What can you conclude from this?(a) The variances of the groups are signifi cantly different from each other (b) The variances of the groups are
Which is the most appropriate conclusion?(a) There are statistically signifi cant differences between the three groups of students on ENJOYMENT(b) There are important differences between the three
Parametric one-way independent ANOVA is a generalisation of:(a) The paired t-test(b) The independent t-test(c) c2(d) Pearson’s r
If you are performing a 4 ¥ 4 c2 analysis and fi nd you have broken the assumptions, then you need to:(a) Look at the results for a Fisher’s exact probability test(b) Look to see whether it is
The general purpose for which a 2 ¥ 2 c2 analysis is used is to discover whether:(a) There is a signifi cant association between two categorical variables(b) There is an association between two
Look at the following table.This is called a:(a) 2 ¥ 2 contingency table (b) 3 ¥ 2 contingency table (c) 1 ¥ 2 chi square table (d) 2 ¥ 2 chi square table Anxious Not anxious 150 52 Dreadful job
In order to fi nd out the effect size after performing a c2 analysis, we:(a) convert Cramer’s V to c2(b) convert c2 to Cramer’s V(c) square the c2 value(d) convert c2 to Fisher’s Z
485 people are asked which of fi ve types of bird pictures they prefer to be put on a ‘stop all wars’campaign. Results are as follows:What are the expected frequencies for the cells?(a) 79 (b) 97
Look at the following 2 ¥ 2 contingency table, taken from 150 participants:There is something wrong with the above, in that the numbers in the cells should:(a) Add up to 150 (b) Add up to 100 (c) Be

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