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business
understanding management

Questions and Answers of Understanding Management

How do these two situations relate to the concept of responsibility?
Compare the informal organization to the formal organization
Explain the term “informal organization”
Discuss the following major organizing concepts and how they influence organizing decisions Unity of direction Responsibility Chain of command Accountability Line and staff departments Span of
Explain the concept of power and its sources
Define authority, and explain how line, staff, and functional authority differ
Describe and give an example of the four approaches to departmentalization
List and discuss the five steps in the organizing process
Determine the importance of the organizing process
Explain the relationship between planning and organizing
Management at Nokia is team oriented. Here is how it is explained in their (FAQs) Frequently Asked Questions. “Nokia’s success so far has been very much a team effort. Our management environment
Sharon Allen (Chairman of the Board, Deloitte & Touche USA LLP) addressing the Wharton Women in Business Conference, No vem ber 3–4, 2005, said,“Forget the negative things you might read and hear
Read “21st Century Organizational Trends” by Stephen P. Borgatti. Briefl y discuss the key trends affecting organizational structures today.
Describe the size of the U.S. construction industry and the distribution of contract value within the industry.
List and briefly explain three major characteristics of the U.S. construction industry.
Briefly explain the purpose of a building code.
Describe the principal methods by which construction of a facility may be accomplished.
Briefly explain the effect of construction productivity on the U.S. economy.
Are heavy (horizontal) construction projects more likely to be private or public projects? Explain.
What is construction quality control and whose responsibility is it?
Identify those construction operations which account for a majority of serious construction injuries.
What is an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and how is it prepared?
Describe three specific construction applications of a personal computer which you believe would be valuable to a construction professional.
Eliminating the four points on the right-hand side of Example 8 (depths of 3.4, 3.0, 2.8, and 2.0 ft), calculate the volume of excavation in bank measure.
Find the size of a conical spoil bank created by the excavation of 500 BCY (382 BCM) of clay. The soil’s swell is 30% and its angle of repose is 35°.
Use the profile and mass diagram of Figure 6 to find the following values:a. The total volume of (1) cut, (2) fill, (3) waste, and(4) borrow.b. The average length of haul for Section 2.
A soil weighs 2400 lb/cu yd (1089 kg/m3) loose, 3050 lb/cu yd (1383 kg/m3) in-place, and 3600 lb/cu yd (1633 kg/m3)compacted. Find the swell and shrinkage of this soil.
Observations indicate that an excavator carries an average bucket load of 3.0 LCY (2.3 LCM) per cycle. The soil’s load factor is 0.80. Cycle time averages 0.35 min.Job conditions are rated fair,
A ditch having a cross-sectional area of 50 sq ft (4.6 m2)is being excavated in common earth. The soil’s angle of repose is 35° and its swell is 25%. Find the height and base width of the
The hourly cost of a hydraulic shovel is $65 and of a truck is $35. If an equipment fleet consisting of one shovel and a fleet of six trucks achieve a production of 300 BCY (180 BCM), what is the
Using the AASHTO System, classify the soil whose test results are shown below:
Develop a computer program to determine the height and base width (ft or m) of the triangular spoil bank that will result from a rectangular trench excavation. Input should include the ditch width
A small hydraulic excavator will be used to dig a trench in hard clay (bucket fill factor = 0.80). The minimum trench size is 26 in. (0.66 m) wide by 5 ft (1.53 m) deep.The excavator bucket available
A 3-yd dragline is excavating and stockpiling sand and gravel. Average depth of cut is 5.4 ft (1.65 m), average swing angle is 75°, and job efficiency is 45 min/h. Estimate the dragline’s hourly
Estimate the time required to load 500 cu yd (382 m3) of gravel from a stockpile into trucks using a clamshell having a heaped capacity of 0.75 cu yd (0.57 m3). Estimated cycle time is 20 s. Job
Estimate the actual bucket load in bank measure for a shovel bucket whose capacity is 3 yd (2.29 m3). The shovel is excavating sand and gravel.
A 4 yd (3.06 m3) (heaped) hydraulic shovel with a bottom-dump bucket is excavating tough clay. The swing angle is 150° and job efficiency is 50 min/h. Estimate the shovel’s hourly production in
The tower crane whose capacity chart is shown in Table 10 is equipped with a 265-ft (80.8-m) boom.The crane is preparing to lift a load weighing 10,000 pounds (4536 kg). The weight of slings and the
A hydraulic excavator is excavating the basement for a large building. Heaped bucket capacity is 1.5 cu yd(1.15 m3). The material is common earth with a bucket fill factor of 0.90. Job efficiency is
What is the minimum clearance required by OSHA regulations between a crane and a 100-kV power line?
How can a contractor verify that the desired alignment and depth are being maintained while performing horizontal earth boring?
Develop a computer program to estimate the production of a hydraulic shovel based on Equation 2 and Table
Input should include rated shovel size, type of material, angle of swing, heaped bucket capacity, bucket fill factor, soil load factor, and job efficiency. Output should be in bank measure if the
Using the data of Problem 7, calculate the expected production and unit cost of loading and hauling if the truck fleet consists of five trucks.
A scraper whose weight on the driving wheels is 36,000 lb(16,330 kg) has a gross weight of 64,000 lb (29,030 kg).If the road surface is wet earth having a rolling resistance factor of 120 lb/ton (60
The tractor-scraper whose travel-time curves are shown in Figures 4 and 5 hauls its rated payload 4000 ft(1220 m) up a 5% grade from the cut to the fill and returns empty over the same route. The
A power-shift crawler tractor is excavating tough clay and pushing it a distance of 95 ft (29 m). Maximum reverse speeds are as follows: first range, 3 mi/h (4.8 km/h);second range, 5 mi/h (8.1
The load growth data for a scraper are given below. The scraper’s total cycle time minus load time is 3.0 min.Find the scraper’s optimum load time. Average Load Load Time min BCY BCM 0.2 11.4
How many hours should it take an articulated wheel loader equipped with a 4-yd (3.06-m3) bucket to load 3000 cu yd (2294 m3) of gravel from a stockpile into rail cars if the average haul distance is
A hydraulic shovel will be used to excavate sandy clay and load it into 12-BCY (9.2-BCM) dump trucks. The shovel’s production at 100% efficiency is estimated to be 300 BCY/h (229 BCM/h), and job
A wheel tractor-scraper whose weight on the driving wheels is 38,720 lb (17,563 kg) has a gross weight of 70,400 lb (31,933 kg). If the road surface is dry earth having a rolling resistance factor of
What is a pull-scraper? What advantages does it have over conventional scrapers?
Develop a computer program to calculate the number of pushers required to service a specified scraper fleet.Input should include scraper cycle time, method of push loading, and whether single or
Why might the laboratory and field optimum moisture contents vary for a particular soil?
List the types of compactors which are available for compaction in confined areas.
a. What is a compaction wheel?b. What is the typical lift thickness for an excavatormounted compaction wheel?c. State the minimum pipe cover which should be used when compacting with an
What type of compactor would you expect to be most suitable for compacting a clean sand?
Estimate the production in compacted cubic yards(meters) per hour of a self-propelled tamping foot roller under the following conditions: average speed = 5 mph(8.0 km/h), compacted lift thickness = 6
Twenty miles (32 km) of gravel road require reshaping and leveling.You estimate that a motor grader will require two passes at 3 mph (4.8 km/h), two passes at 4 mph(6.4 km/h), and two pass at 5.5 mph
A highway embankment is being constructed of lowplasticity clay (CL) whose natural moisture content is slightly below the standard AASHTO optimum. Specifications require the use of a tamping foot
The data in the accompanying table resulted from performing Standard Proctor Tests on a soil. Plot thedata and determine the soil’s laboratory optimum moisture content. Dry Density Ib/cu ft g/cm
List the four principal methods for achieving ground modification or soil stabilization. Provide one example of each.
Develop a computer program to calculate the time required (hours) for a motor grader to perform a finishing operation. Input should include section length, number of passes at each expected speed,
A parallel series electric blasting circuit consists of five branches of six caps each.Holes are spaced 10 ft (3.1 m)apart in a rectangular pattern. Cap legwire length is 24 ft(7.3 m). Each side of
List five safety precautions that should be observed in storing and handling blasting agents.
You measure a seismic velocity of 9000 ft/s (2743 m/s)in limestone.Would you expect this rock to be rippable by a D9H tractor equipped with a ripper (Figure 17)?If so, would you recommend using a
Estimate the hourly production and unit cost of rock excavation by drilling and blasting. The rock is a limestone having a seismic velocity of 6000 ft/s (1830 m/s).Trial blasting indicates that
A tractor-mounted ripper will be used for excavating a limestone having a seismic velocity of 6000 ft/s (1830 m/s). Field tests indicate that the ripper can obtain satisfactory rock fracturing to a
What effect does increased air pressure at the drill have on drill production? What limitations must be observed in using increased air pressure and what are the disadvantages of using increased air
A parallel series electric blasting circuit consists of six branches of eight caps each. Holes are spaced 10 ft(3.1 m) apart in a rectangular pattern. Cap legwire length is 28 ft (8.5 m). Each side
Using the seismograph test data in the table, find the seismic wave velocity in each layer and the depth of the upper layer. Distance (ft) (m) Time (ms) 10 3.05 5.0 20 6.10 10.0 30 9.15 15.0 40 12.20
Trial blasting operations indicate that a rectangular pattern with holes 21-ft (6.4-m) deep spaced on 10-ft(3.05-m) centers will yield a satisfactory rock break with an effective depth of 19 ft (5.8
Develop a computer program to estimate hourly production and unit cost of rock excavation by ripping.Input should include length of each pass, average ripper speed, effective depth of ripping,
a. Determine the water–cement ratio of the mix of Problem 6.b. What difficulties might result from lowering the water–cement ratio of the mix and how might these be overcome?
Using the data of Example 2, determine the minimum size screen required for the 2-in. (51-mm) screen. The stone weighs 100 lb/cu ft (1602 kg/m3).
Select the crusher settings for a primary jaw crusher and a secondary roll crusher to produce 150 tons per hour(136 t/h) of aggregate meeting the following specifications.Indicate the output in tons
Calculate the feed rate in tons per hour (tph) for a drummix asphalt plant under the following conditions:Asphalt content = 5%Aggregate composition:Coarse A = 45%Coarse B = 30%Sand = 20%Mineral
Calculate the hot feed required per batch for an asphalt batch plant producing 3 tons (2.7 t) per batch under the following conditions:Asphalt content = 5%Aggregate composition:Coarse A = 45%Coarse B
A one-sack trial mix that meets specification requirements has the proportions shown below. Determine the quantity of each ingredient by weight required to batch a 16S mixer with no overload using an
What are the characteristics of a Performance Grade PG 58-10 asphalt binder?
Determine the actual field weight (lb or kg) required to charge a 34E mixer with a 10% overload using the mix proportions given below. The field excess moisture content of the sand is 6% and that of
Develop a computer program to calculate the feed rate for an asphalt plant. For drum-mix plants, output the cold feed rate in tons per hour (t/h) of coarse and fine aggregate, mineral filler, and
Develop a computer program to calculate the field batch weight of each component for a specified concrete mix and mixer capacity. Input should include the rated mixer capacity, percent overload to be
Identify the three surface temperature zones encountered when compacting an HMA pavement. In which of these zones are compaction problems likely to occur?
What methods are available for rapidly determining the density of a compacted HMA pavement?
Briefly explain the process of constructing a pavement using roller compacted concrete (RCC). What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method of construction?
Calculate the asphalt application rate (standard volume)actually achieved by a bituminous distributor under the following conditions: tank gauge reading before spread, 2200 gal (8327 ); tank gauge
Describe the major steps in the recycling of an asphalt pavement.What are the principal advantages and disadvantages of recycling such pavements?//
Find the asphalt application rate obtained if the volume of asphalt used (standard conditions) was 700 gal (2650 ), asphalt temperature was 200°F (93°C), the spray bar length was 18 ft (5.5 m), and
List the sequence of activities involved in constructing a single-pass bituminous surface treatment and identify the item(s) of equipment used for each step.
Find the bituminous distributor pump output required to obtain an application rate of 0.2 gal/sq yd ( ), when the spray bar length is 20 ft (6.1 m) and road speed is 450 ft/min (137.3 m/min).
Briefly explain the rolling sequence for a hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement.
Develop a computer program to determine the actual rate of application (standard conditions) of a bituminous distributor. Input should include tank readings before and after application, the asphalt
Explain the method by which air compressor capacity is rated.
A compressed air system consists of a compressor and receiver, 1500 ft (458 m) of 4-in. (10.2-cm) pipe, two gate valves, six standard elbows, and a manifold. Four rock drills requiring 200 cu ft/min
An M-rated self-priming centrifugal pump will be used to dewater an excavation during construction. The required pumping volume is estimated at 250 gal/min(946 /min). The pump will be located 10 ft
Estimate the air consumption of the following equipment to be used on a rock excavation project. Assume an 8% leakage loss, a job load factor of 0.90, and average values of tool air consumption from
Water must be pumped from a stream to a water tank 500 ft (153 m) away. The discharge point will be 30 ft (9.2 m) above the stream. The pipeline from the pump to the tank will consist of 550 ft (168
What is the maximum practical suction lift for a centrifugal pump located at an altitude of 6000 ft (1830 m) when the temperature is 95°F (35°C)?
You are designing an air delivery system to supply air from a receiver operated at 100 psig (690 kPa) through 1600 ft (488 m) of pipe and a manifold to three hand-held rock drills. Each drill

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