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computer science
systems analysis and design 12th

Questions and Answers of Systems Analysis And Design 12th

To build an information system, which do you need to identify first, classes or objects?
Does structural modeling represent classes or objects?
How does encapsulation protect business rules from unauthorized access and manipulation?
How does an object’s interface relate to services that the object provides?
Comment on the statement: “Classes provide the containers and objects provide the contents.”
Why should operations be described by verbs?
What is “protected” visibility? Give an example.
Provide examples for composite and collection objects. How do they differ?
Responsibilities of an object define what they know and what they do. Provide an example for each.
How do you mine use cases to find classes?
What kind of responsibility (attribute or operation) are “personal data”? Explain.
Explain the difference between the Address and Addresses classes.
What is delegation? What is its significance in structural modeling?
What does a class diagram portray?
How does multiplicity relate to business rules?Give an example.
What is the difference between aggregation and composition? Give an example for each.
Explain why your university is considered a system. Give examples of other systems that you know.
Comment on the phrase “information system is an open system.”
How does a data management system differ from a communication system?
Give examples of information systems and automated information systems. How do they differ from each other?
What is the difference between business intelligence and artificial intelligence?
You are one of a large team of systems analysts and designers on an enterprise-level project that touches every part of your organization, both in its headquarters office and in regional offices
Now that you have completed the request for proposal in the preceding question, your next assignment is to plan the systems design please of this project. Using what you have read to date regarding
In mini case 3 of the previous chapter, you created a prototype for a government system. Exchange prototypes with another group (just as you did in mini case 4 of that chapter). This time, test each
Considering the application described in the preceding exercise, what changes would you make to the user interface screens to bring them into compliance with the human engineering guidelines
Under different illumination, the cell of Problem 8.4 delivers 5 A into a short circuit. The reverse saturation current is \(100 \mathrm{pA}\). Disregard any internal resistance of the photodiode.
For the logarithm \(g\) of the likelihood ratio defined in Eq. (9.36), \(e^{g}=\) \(\frac{p_{1}(x)}{p_{0}(x)}\). Define the moment generating function of \(g\) under Hypotheses \(H_{0}\) and
If a car is approaching you at night with headlights \(1 \mathrm{~m}\) apart, how far away must you be in order to just resolve them? (Treat the headlights as single slits of width \(1 \mathrm{~mm}\)
Refer to the introduction to Problem 2.8. Assume the incident light is monochromatic with a wavelength \(\lambda=500 \mathrm{~nm}\) and slit separation. Suppose \(d=0.100 \mathrm{~mm}\). The Young's
Make the changes you suggested in mini case 2. Submit screen shots of the form both before and after you made the changes. Be sure to include the URL of your form, so that the professor can check
At one time, most software applications came with a thick users' manual. Many of these users manuals have disappeared in favor of sophisticated online help systems and tutorials. If you are a systems
Why is testing important?
In terms of organizational feasibility and adoption, what might an analyst do to convince these clerks to adopt the new technology?Some clerks at the South Dakota Department of Worker’s
What legal aspect might arise from only having digital signatures or only electronic or paper copies of documents instead of physical documents?The South Dakota Department of Worker’s Compensation
You are managing the development of a case tracking system project for your large law firm. The requirements phase of the project is almost complete, and preliminary design work has begun. The
At the conclusion of this chapter, the textbook mentions that data and process modeling may eventually become obsolete due to the increasing popularity and usage of object-oriented modeling and
Although data and process models depict the same system with different views, systemi designers must synchronize these different views to make sure that their models are consistent and complete. One
Why is it important to synchronize data and process models?
Create the use-case descriptions and diagram(s) for the system in problems 1 and 2. Be sure to create your use cases so that they are complete and clear. Remember, in real life, the system
Conduct a technical feasibility study. What would you recommend the company use in the creation and maintenance of their site (e.g. languages, speciific host, encryption)? Why does your choice affect
Conduct an economic feasibility study for the investment into an e-commerce site. What discount fate are you using? Why? Submit your paper, supporting documents; charts, and any interviews you
Develop a timeline and schedule feasibility study for completion of this Web site. Do you see any mitigating factors that might cause a delay in the timeline or deadline overrun? Submit both a short
Executive management is concerned that some users are less than satisfied with the new system described in the preceding question and have unsigned you to lead a postimplementation work group to
Select an information system with which you are familiar, and which you feel needs to be improved, based upon your experiences as an employee, customer, other system user, or system owner, Switch
You have learned the importance of making sure that requirements are correctly identified. Hut how do you know when you have a correct requirement-that is, what criteria must each requirement meet in
Prepare a full feasibility analysis, including Economic, Operational, Schedule, Legal, and Technical analyses for the system you are suggesting in problem 1. Your analysis should be no more than 30
Complete the following sentences: A critical part of designing the deciding how to distribute the system's data. and to different Databases are a resource typically. by many- future. In designing for
Meet local small business owners or representatives of as profit organizations. Find a company or organization that will host your team to produce a web site for them (nonmonetary, of course). Find
More often than not, database environments in in organization reflect data structures that have been developed over a period of years, sometimes haphazardly, and that often reflect a variety of
Although database systems have become the systems of choice for new and reengineered systems, are there any situations where a relational file-based system might be chosen instead? Explain your answer
In looking at Figure 14-1 in the textbook, what can you conclude regarding the characteristics of conventional files and databases?Figure 14-1:- Information System (a) Conventional Files (b) Database
What does the acronym CRUD represent?
Interview the chief information officers or TT managers of several organizations that use relational database technologies. Ask them about their experience in moving from traditional flat file
With your professor's help, liaison with a team from either a systems analysis or computer programming class at another school. Your assignment, to complete together, is to build a suitable Web page
When an organization decides to replace a legacy system, it usually chooses a contemporary database system over a relational file-based system. But each type of system has its own advantages and
Complete the following sentences: system is also called a distributed data and application client/server system or
The textbook states that "data is a resource that must be controlled and managed." Explain this statement, and indicate whether you agree of not, and why.
Why do conventional files tend be have duplication of data?
One of the dealership's legacy stand-alone systems in the preceding exercise is the salesperson work schedule system. This system was developed in the 1980 s on a single \(P C\), using BASE III, to
Database centralization is one of a number of distribution options, but it violates the rule that data should be managed and stored in close proximity to its users. Discuss the reasons why many data
What is the difference between a relational database schema and a database schema?
What are the common deletion rules to enforce referential integrity?
Use the information in the preceding question to create a prototype of the report; use an automated tool such as Microsoft Access (or if you prefer, you can create a prototype the old-fashioned way
Predictions of future technological advances and breakthroughs are notoriously unreliable. For example, in the 1960 some futurists predicted that we would all soon be commuting to work in our own
What overriding goal should every systems designer, in performing input design, never lose sight of?
Despite the inroads being made by other input methods, the venerable keyboard is still far and away the most common method used for data input, and it is likely to stay that way for a while. But
What is the difference between \(O M R\) and \(O C R\) ?
Now look at Fowler's work on design pattems. Look at the organizational pattern created by Fowler as a way to document the structure of a solution so that its use by others is optimized. and at the
Meet with the person you interviewed in mini case 1 and present them with the design prototype you created. Get their feedback on the design. Do they like it? Could they navigate the pages? What
So far, we've researched the viewpoints of leaders in the field of information presentation and human interface design for computer systems. What about experts in other areas?a. Find and interview
On the human factors and human engineering issues in user interface design. The spirt of the discussion is that it is imperative that we understand the people who will be using the system and that we
Using the knowledge you gained from your interview in mini case 1 , design an interface for the individual you interviewed. What interface design modifications are you making so that the program will
A fellow designer has asked you to review the dialogue to be used in several screens for a new application. Do you think the following messages comply with the guidelines for tone and terminology?
What is a well-designed source document?
As the Internet continues to grow in its business influence, it is increasingly being used for applications that were formerly client/server based applications. What are some of the similarities in
Fill in the blanks for the following statements: a. Source documents should be portioned into different zones for data, data, and depending upon the system inputs and reviewing form, for data that
Find the position of the first minimum for a single slit of width 0.04 \(\mathrm{mm}\) on a screen of \(2 \mathrm{~m}\) distance, when light from a He-Ne laser \(\lambda=\) 6328 Ȧ is shone on the
A diffraction grating is a closely spaced array of apertures or obstacles forming a series of closely spaced slits. The simplest type in which an incoming wave front meets alternating opaque and
(a) Determine the coherence area for a mercury arc lamp at 6330 Ȧ at a distance of \(1 \mathrm{~m}\) from the source. Assume that the output aperture is \(3 \mathrm{~mm}\) and that the beam is
A GaAs p-n junction has a \(100 \mu \mathrm{m} \times 100 \mathrm{~m}\) cross section and a width of the depletion layer \(W=440 \mathrm{~nm}\). Consider the junction in thermal equilibrium without
Assume an InGaAsP-InP laser diode that has a resonator cavity equal to \(250 \mu \mathrm{m}\). The peak radiation is at \(\lambda=1.55 \mu \mathrm{m}\). The refractive index of InGaAsP is 4. The
Let \(\boldsymbol{x}\) be a random variable with a standard normal distribution \(\varphi(t)\). Find (a) (b) P{0 x 1.42}. P{-0.73x0}. (c) P{-1.37 x2.01}. (d) (e) (f) (g) P{0.65 x 1.26}.
Given X(dB) = 10 log10X,find X(dB) for(a) X = 632,(b) X = 4000,(c) X = 1/2500 .
Assume the details of Problem 3.1, except now that the arrow and rod are immersed in water, where the refractive index is 1.5 and not unity. Find the position and magnification of the image.Problem
(a) Referring to Problem 3.5, how big is the image if the telephone pole is \(50 \mathrm{ft}\) high?(b) What is the magnification?Problem 3.5Ten-inch focal length lens forms an image of a telephone
What is the \(f\) - number of lens in Problem 3.5 with light(a) from the left and(b) from the right?Problem 3.5Ten-inch focal length lens forms an image of a telephone pole that is 200 ft away (from
Please list possible definitions of the term “embedded system”!
How would you define the term “cyber-physical system (CPS)”? Do you see any difference between the terms “embedded systems” and “cyber-physical systems”?
What is the “Internet of Things” (IoT)?
What is the goal of “Industry 4.0”?
In which way does this book cover CPS and IoT design?
In which application areas do you see opportunities for CPS and IoT systems? Where do you expect major changes caused by information technology?
Use the sources available to you to demonstrate the importance of embedded systems! Behavioral Structural design path high level of abstraction - low level of abstraction Geometrical Fig. 1.11
Which challenges must be overcome in order to fully take advantage of the opportunities?
What is a hard timing constraint? What is a soft timing constraint?
What is the “Zeno effect”?
What is adaptive sampling?
Which objectives must be considered during the design of embedded and cyber-physical systems?
Why are we interested in energy-aware computing?
What are the main differences between PC-based applications and embedded/CPS applications?

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