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Questions and Answers of
Business Statistics
At one point during the 2015 NFL season, head coach Bill Belichick and the New England Patriots had won 19 of their past 25 called coin flips at the beginning of NFL games (?For Bill Belichick,
Data from a large study carried out in 2008 were used to estimate that 10% of all smokers who quit smoking are smoking again after 1 year (“Relapse to Smoking After 1 Year of Abstinence: A
A sample of dogs were trained using a ?Do as I do? method, in which the dog observes the trainer performing a simple task (such as climbing onto a chair or touching a chair) and is expected to
A study of hospitalized patients who develop pneumonia reported that 1 in 5 (20%) are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days after discharge (“Comparison of Therapist-Directed and Physician-
We are only beginning to learn about the longterm effects of space travel on human health. A study published in 2016 (Nature Scientific Reports 6,Article number: 29901, nature.com/articles?
Consider the water temperature situation described in the previous exercise. a. For the hypotheses and test procedure described in the previous exercise, calculate the value of b when ? = 153. b. For
The power of a test is influenced by the sample size and the choice of significance level.a. Explain how increasing the sample size affects the power (when significance level is held fixed).b.
In a study of media use, each person in a large representative sample of male Canadian high school students was asked how much time they spent playing video or computer games (in minutes per day).
The authors of the paper “Changes in Quantity, Spending, and Nutritional Characteristics of Adult, Adolescent and Child Urban Corner Store Purchases After an Environmental Intervention”
The report “Majoring in Money: How American College Students Manage Their Finances” (Sallie Mae, 2016, news/salliemae.com, retrieved December 24, 2016) includes data from a survey of college
The Economist collects data each year on the price of a Big Mac in various countries around the world. The price of a Big Mac for a sample of McDonald?s restaurants in Europe in July 2016 resulted in
The report “2016 Salary Survey Executive Summary” (National Association of Colleges and Employers, naceweb.org/uploadedfiles/files/2016 /publications /executive
The United States Elections Project (electproject .org/2016g, retrieved January 22, 2017) reported that 57.8% of registered voters in California voted in the 2016 presidential election and that this
The article “Public Acceptability in the UK and the USA of Nudging to Reduce Obesity: The Example of Reducing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages” (PLOS One, June 8, 2016) describes a survey in which each
The article “How to Block Nuisance Calls” (The Guardian, November 7, 2015) reported that in a survey of mobile phone users, 70% of those surveyed said they had received at least one nuisance call
The report “Digital Democracy Survey” (DeloitteDevelopment LLC, 2016, deloitte.com/us/en .html, retrieved November 30, 2016) says that 69% of U.S. teens access the social media from a
The article “Euthanasia Still Acceptable to Solid Majority in U.S.” (gallup.com, June 24, 2016, retrieved November 29, 2016) summarized data from a survey of 1025 adult Americans. When asked if
In a survey conducted by CareerBuilder.com, employers were asked if they had ever fired an employee for shopping online while at work (“Cyber Monday Shopping at Work? You’re Not Alone,”
The article titled “13% of Americans Don’t Use the Internet. Who Are They?” describes a study conducted by the Pew Research Center (pewresearch.org, September 7, 2016, retrieved December 1,
The paper ?Breast MRI as an Adjunct to Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening in High- Risk Patients? (American Journal of Roentgenology [2015]: 889?897) describes a study that investigated the
Researchers at Boston’s Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School analyzed records of breast cancer screening and diagnostic evaluations (National Expenditure for False-Positive Mammograms
The article “Facebook Use and Academic Performance Among College Students,” Computers in Human Behavior [2015]: 265–272) estimated that 70 percent of students at a large public university in
A cruise ship charges passengers $3 for a can of soda. Because of passenger complaints, the ship manager has decided to try out a plan with a lower price. He thinks that with a lower price, more cans
A researcher speculates that because of differences in diet, Japanese children may have a lower mean blood cholesterol level than U.S. children do. Suppose that the mean level for U.S. children is
A national survey of 1012 adult Americans conducted by Gallup (“Americans Still Generally Upbeat About Personal Finances,” gallup.com, January 25, 2016, retrieved November 16, 2016) asked survey
CareerBuilder.com conducted a survey to learn about the proportion of employers who perform background checks when evaluating a job candidate (“Majority of Employers Background Check Employees . .
A press release about a paper that appeared in The Journal of Youth and Adolescence (springer.com /about+springer/media/springer+select?SGW ID=0-11001-6-1433942-0, August 26, 2013, retrieved May 8,
According to an article in Science Daily (“Still No Strong Evidence That Adjunct Treatment with HGH in IVF Improves Results,” sciencedaily.com, July 4, 2016, retrieved November 26, 2016), women
Explain why the statement x = 50 is not a legitimate hypothesis.
The report referenced in the previous exercise also indicated that 33% of those in a representative sample of 533 homeowners in southern states said that they had considered installing solar
The report “The Politics of Climate” (Pew Research Center, October 4, 2016, pewinternet .org/2016/10/04/the-politics-of-climate) summarized data from a survey on public opinion of renewable and
The report “The 2016 Consumer Financial Literacy Survey” (The National Foundation for Credit Counseling, nfcc.org, retrieved October 28, 2016) summarized data from a representative sample of 1668
The article referenced in the previous exercise also indicated that 811 of the 1001 students surveyed said that they would feel restricted if they could only work on digital devices. Would a 95%
The article “Write It by Hand to Make It Stick” (Advertising Age, July 27, 2016) summarizes data from a survey of 1001 students age 13 to 19. Of the students surveyed, 851 reported that they
Major League Baseball (MLB) includes two groups of teams, in ?leagues.? There are 15 teams in each of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). Since 1997, teams in each of the leagues
The Economist collects data each year on the price of a Big Mac in various countries around the world. A sample of McDonald?s restaurants in Europe in 2016 resulted in the following Big Mac prices
Consumer Reports provides ratings for televisions, including energy cost per year (consumerreports .org/products/lcd-led-oled-tvs/ratings-overview/, retrieved December 23, 2016). Energy cost data for
Teams in the National Football League (NFL) are given a ?bye? during one week of the season, when they can rest and not play a game. This may provide an advantage for the team in the next game they
The authors of the paper ?Sex Differences in Time Perception During Smoking Abstinence? (Nicotine and Tobacco Research [2015]: 449?454) investigated how nicotine withdrawal affects time perception
Consumer Reports published the following gas mileage values (?Overall MPG?) for a sample of electric or plug-in hybrid car models (consumerreports
A 2016 study of 120 U.S. brand-name products found that 70% were active on Snapchat (businessinsider .com/what-exactly-are-brands-posting-on-snapchat -2016-6, June 15, 2016, retrieved May 4, 2017).
The report “One in Three American Households Are Stuck in a Relationship with a Financial Services Provider They Don’t Trust” (businesswire.com/news /home/20160629005198/en/American-Households
In mid-2016 the United Kingdom (UK) withdrew from the European Union (an event known as ?Brexit?), causing economic concerns throughout the world. One indicator that economists use to monitor the
A survey of a representative sample of 478 U.S. employers determined that 359 ranked stress as their top health and productivity concern (globenewswire .com/news release/2016/06/29/852338/0/en
During the 2016 NBA Finals, Kevin Love of the Cleveland Cavaliers successfully made 5 three-point shots out of 19 attempts. Assume that these attempts comprise a sample that is representative of his
An article titled “The Latest on Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance” (American Management Association, November 17, 2014) referred to the “2007 Electronic Monitoring & Surveillance
The article ?Report: More Than Half of DC-Area Millennials Are Using Ride-Hailing Apps? (washingtonian.com/2016/06/23/report-half-dc -area-millennials-using-ride hailing-apps/, June 23, 2016,
A survey on SodaHead (sodahead.com/survey /featured/anonymous-advice/?results=1, retrieved May 13, 2016) reported that 603 out of 753 respondents replied ?No? to the question ?Should You Be Friends
Consumer Reports gave the following mileage ratings (in miles per gallon) for seven midsize hybrid 2016 model cars (consumerreports.org/cro/cars /new-cars/hybrids evs/ratings-reliability/ratings
The authors of the paper “Driving Performance While Using a Mobile Phone: A Simulation Study of Greek Professional Drivers” (Transportation Research Part F [2016]: 164–170) describe a study to
The paper referenced in the previous exercise also reported that for a representative sample of 68 second-year students at the university, the sample mean procrastination score was 41.0 and the
Students in a representative sample of 65 first-year students selected from a large university in England participated in a study of academic procrastination (“Study Goals and Procrastination
The paper “The Effects of Adolescent Volunteer Activities on the Perception of Local Society and Community Spirit Mediated by Self-Conception” (Advanced Science and Technology Letters [2016]:
USA TODAY reported that the average amount of money spent on coffee drinks each month is $78.00 (USA TODAY Snapshot, November 4, 2016).a. Suppose that this estimate was based on a representative
In 2010, the online security firm Symantec estimated that 63% of computer users don’t change their passwords very often (cnet.com/news/survey-63-dont -change passwords-very-often, retrieved
Based on survey of a representative sample of 1000 adult Americans, YouGov estimated that the proportion of adult Americans who have less than $1000 in savings is 0.430 (“People More Likely to Save
The article “Most Americans Don’t Understand the Cloud, But They Should” (foxbusiness.com, October 17, 2016, retrieved November 12, 2016) reported that in a sample of 1000 people, 22% said they
In 2010, the National Football League adopted new rules designed to limit head injuries. In a survey conducted in 2015 by the Harris Poll, 1216 of 2096 adults indicated that they were football fans
Business Insider reported that a study commissioned by eBay motors found that nearly 40% of millennials who drive a car that is more than 5 years old have named their cars (“Millennials Have an Odd
Each person in a random sample of 20 students at a particular university was asked whether he or she is registered to vote. The responses (R = registered, N = not registered) are given here:R R N R N
The USA TODAY Snapshot titled “Have a Nice Trip” (USA TODAY, November 17, 2015) summarized data from a survey of 1000 U.S. adults who had traveled by air at least once in the previous year. The
USA TODAY reported that the proportion of Americans who prefer cheese on their burgers is 0.84 (USA TODAY, September 7, 2016). This estimate was based on a survey of a representative sample of 1000
The report “Job Seeker Nation Study 2016” (jobvite .com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Jobvite _Jobseeker_Nation_2016.pdf, retrieved May 6, 2017) summarized a survey of 2305 working adults. The
The USA TODAY Snapshot titled “Baby’s First Photo Reveal” (USA TODAY, October 17, 2014) summarized data from a survey of 1001 mothers with children under the age of 2. The Snapshot includes the
The Princeton Review 2016 College Hopes and Worries Survey Report (princetonreview.com/cms -content/final_cohowo2016survrpt.pdf, retrieved May 6, 2017) reported that 31% of students applying to
The article “Most Dog Owners Take More Pictures of Their Pet Than Their Spouse” (August 22,2016, news.fastcompany.com/most-dog-owners -take-more-pictures-of their-pet-than-their
The USA TODAY Snapshot titled “Big Bang Theory” (USA TODAY, October 14, 2016) summarized data from a sample of 1003 American parents of children age 6 to 11. It reported that 53% of these parents
The report “Parents, Teens and Digital Monitoring” (Pew Research Center, January 7, 2016, pewinternet.org/2016/01/07/parents-teens-and-digital -monitoring, retrieved April 4, 2018) reported
The USA TODAY Snapshot titled “Social Media Jeopardizing Your Job?” (USA TODAY, November 12, 2014) summarized data from a survey of 1855 recruiters and human resource professionals. The Snapshot
The authors of the paper ?Influence of Biofeedback Weight Bearing Training in Sit to Stand to Sit and the Limits of Stability on Stroke Patients? (The Journal of Physical Therapy Science [2016]:
The report “The 2016 Consumer Financial Literacy Survey” (The National Foundation for Credit Counseling (nfcc.org, retrieved October 28, 2016) summarized data from a representative sample of 1668
Let x1, x2, . . . , x100 denote the actual weights (in pounds) of 100 randomly selected bags of fertilizer. Suppose that the weight of a randomly selected bag has a distribution with mean 50 pounds
The article “Fewer Americans Are Reading, But Don’t Blame the Millennials” (Los Angeles Times, October 9, 2016) indicates that 80% of millennials (those age 18 to 29) have read a book in the
The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2015, the proportion of adult Americans age 25 and older who have a bachelor’s degree or higher is 0.325 (“Educational Attainment in the United States:
The thickness (in millimeters) of the coating applied to hard drives is one characteristic that determines the usefulness of the product. When no unusual circumstances are present, the thickness (x)
Kyle and Lygia are going to play a series of Trivial Pursuit games. The first person to win four games will be declared the winner. Suppose that outcomes of successive games are independent and that
Simulate sampling from the population of Exercise 8.7 by using four slips of paper individually marked 1, 2, 3, and 4. Select a sample of size 2 without replacement, and calculate x. Repeat this
Select 10 additional random samples of size 5 from the population of 20 students given in Example 8.1, and calculate the mean amount spent on books for each of the 10 samples. Are the x? values
Consider a population consisting of the following five values, which represent the number of video downloads during the academic year for each of five housemates:8 14 16
Suppose there are approximately 40,000 travel agencies in the United States, of which 11,000 are members of the American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA).a. If x is the number of ASTA members among
Four people—a, b, c, and d—are waiting to give blood. Of these four, a and b have type AB blood, whereas c and d do not. An emergency call has just come in for some type AB blood. If blood
Flashlight bulbs manufactured by a certain company are sometimes defective.a. If 5% of all such bulbs are defective, could the techniques of this section be used to approximate the probability that
Consider the information on the MENT test given in the previous exercise.a. The exact binomial probability of a score of 42 or less for someone who is not faking the test (p = 0.96) isp(x ≤ 42) =
Symptom validity tests (SVTs) are sometimes used to confirm diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. The paper “Developing a Symptom Validity Test for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Application of the
For the binomial distribution described in the previous exercise, approximate the following probabilities using the normal approximation with the continuity correction.a. P(25 ≤ x ≤ 40)b. P(25
Suppose that x has a binomial distribution with n = 50 and p = 0.6, so that µ = np = 30 and σ = √np(1 - p) = 3.464. Approximate the following probabilities using the normal approximation with the
The figure on the next page appeared in the paper ?EDTA-Extractable Copper, Zinc, and Manganese in Soils of the Canterbury Plains? (New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research [1984]: 207?217). A
The following normal probability plot was constructed using data on the price of seven 2015 Honda Accords with automatic transmissions that were listed for sale within 25 miles of the zip code 19383
Purchases made at small “corner stores” were studied by the authors of the paper “Changes in Quantity, Spending, and Nutritional Characteristics of Adult, Adolescent and Child Urban Corner
The article “New York City’s Graffiti-Removal Response Time Rises” (The Wall Street Journal,September 16, 2016, wsj.com/articles/new-york -citys-graffiti-removal response-time-rises
Determine each of the following areas under the standard normal (z) curve:a. To the right of 0b. To the right of 25c. Between 21.6 and 2.5d. To the left of 0.23
Suppose that 90% of all registered California voters favor banning the release of information from exit polls in presidential elections until after the polls in California close. A random sample of
Suppose that the probability is 0.1 that any given citrus tree will show measurable damage when the temperature falls to 308F.a. If the temperature does drop to 308F, what is the expected number of
Women’s Health Magazine surveyed 1187 readers to find out how often people wash their sheets (womenshealthmag.com/health/dirty-sheets, March 26, 2015, retrieved May 2, 2017). They found that even
Information Security Buzz provides news for the information security community. In an article published on September 24, 2016, it reported that based on a large international survey of Internet
CBS News reported that 4% of adult Americans have a food allergy (June 1, 2017, cbsnews.com /news/food-allergies-in-america-new-report -shellfish-peanut-dairy, retrieved March 25, 2018).Consider
Consider the random variables xR and xB defined in the previous exercise.a. Suppose that you are offered a choice of the following two games:Game 1: Pay $7 to play, and you win y1 dollars, where y1 =
Consider a game in which a red die and a blue die are rolled. Let xR denote the value showing on the uppermost face of the red die, and define xB similarly for the blue die. a. The probability
A multiple-choice exam consists of 50 questions. Each question has five choices, of which only one is correct. Suppose that the total score on the exam is calculated as where x1 = number of correct
To assemble a piece of furniture, a wood peg must be inserted into a predrilled hole. Suppose that the diameter of a randomly selected peg is a random variable with mean 0.25 inch and standard
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