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Questions and Answers of
Business Statistics
The amount of money spent each year on science, space, and technology in the United States (in millions of dollars) and the amount of money spent on pets in the United States (in billions of dollars)
Each year the Harris Poll surveys Americans on a number of issues. It uses responses to several questions to calculate a “Happiness” index that measures overall happiness. The article “Latest
The paper “The Relationship Between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students” (Computers in Human Behavior [2014]: 343–350) described a
For the travel time distribution given in the previous exercise, the approximate mean and standard deviation for the travel time distribution are 27 minutes and 24 minutes, respectively. Based on
The graphical display on the next page is similar to one that appeared in USA TODAY (October 22, 2009). It summarizes survey responses to a question about whether visiting social networking sites is
Each year J.D. Power and Associates surveys new car owners 90 days after they purchase their cars. This data is used to rate auto brands (such as Toyota and Ford) on quality and customer
The paper ?Study of the Flying Ability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Adults Using a Computer-Monitored Mill? (Bulletin of Entomological Research [2014]: 462?467) summarized data from a study of red
The article “Impact of Berkeley Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption” (American Journal of Public Health [2016]: 1865–1871) estimated that the mean number of times that adults in
Use the information given in the previous two exercises and Chebyshev’s Rule to complete this exercise. a. Make a statement abouti. the percentage of travel times that were between 0 and 75
Consumer Reports rated 29 fitness trackers (such as Fitbit and Jawbone) on factors such as ease of use and accuracy of step count to obtain an overall score (consumer reports.org, retrieved October
The article “Why We Fall for This” (AARP Magazine, May/June 2011) described a study in which a business professor divided his class into two groups. He showed students a mug and then asked
Example 1.5 gave the accompanying data on violent crime on public college campuses in Florida during 2016 (fbi.gov, retrieved February 6, 2018): a. Construct a dotplot using the 16 observations on
The article ?The Best?and Worst?Places to be a Working Woman? (The Economist, Graphic Detail for March 3, 2016) reported values of what it calls the glass-ceiling index, which is designed to rate
Use the fiber content and sugar content data given in the previous two exercises to construct a comparative boxplot. Comment on the differences and similarities in the fiber and sugar content
The report ?Most Licensed Drivers Age 85+: States? (bloomberg.com/graphics/best-and -worst/#most-licensed-drivers-age-85-plus-states, retrieved April 20, 2017) gives the percentage of drivers in each
Morningstar is an investment research firm that publishes some online educational materials. The materials for an online course called “Looking at Historical Risk”
Give two sets of five numbers that have the same mean but different standard deviations, and give two sets of five numbers that have the same standard deviation but different means.
The paper referenced in the previous exercise also gave summary statistics and graphs for the reaction time of drivers who were not listening to audiobooks. Data on reaction time (in milliseconds)
In an experiment to assess the effect of listening to audiobooks while driving, participants were asked to drive down a straight road in a driving simulator. The accompanying data on time (in
In addition to the prices of the highly-rated smartphones given in the previous exercise, Consumer Reports also gave the prices of the seven smartphones that received the lowest ratings. Those prices
The price (in dollars) of the eight smart phones that were rated highest by Consumer Reports in 2018 (consumerreports.org, retrieved February 23, 2018) were 730 850 830 800 700 1000 950
A sample consisting of four pieces of luggage was selected from among the luggage checked at an airline counter, yielding the following data on x 5 weight (in pounds): x1 = 33.5, x2 = 27.3, x3 =
Each student in a sample of 20 seniors at a particular university was asked if he or she was registered to vote. With R denoting registered and N denoting not registered, the sample data are: R
The report ?State of the News Media 2015? (Pew Research Center, April 29, 2015) published the accompanying circulation numbers for 15 news magazines (such as Time and The New Yorker) for
The state of California defines family income groups in terms of median county income as follows: Extremely low income: below 30% of county median income Very Low income: between 30% and 50% of
The article “The Wedding Industry’s Pricey Little Secret” (June 12, 2013, slate.com) stated that the widely reported average wedding cost is grossly misleading. The article reports that in
The National Center for Education Statistics reported the following data on the average cost per year for tuition, fees, and room and board for 4-year public institutions in the United States
The following data on percentage increase in population between 2010 and 2017 for the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) were calculated using information from the U.S. Census Bureau
Each year, The Princeton Review conducts surveys of high school students who are applying to college and of parents of college applicants. The report ?2016 College Hopes & Worries Survey
The data in the table below are the percentage of drivers who are uninsured in each of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia as reported in the article ?2015?s Most and Least Risky States
Explain why the following graphical display (similar to one appearing in USA TODAY, September 17, 2009) is misleading.? U.S. currency tainted by cocaine Among 234 U.S. bills from 17 large U.S.
The figure at the top left of the next page is from the Fall 2008 Census Enrollment Report at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. It uses both a pie chart and a segmented bar chart to summarize data on
The report ?Daily Cigarette Use: Indicators on Children and Youth? (Child Trends Data Bank, childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/03 _Smoking_new.pdf, retrieved April 17, 2017) included the
The Solid Waste Management section of the Environmental Protection Agency Report on the Environment (epa.gov/roe/, retrieved April 17, 2017) included a graph similar to accompanying graph. The report
Consumer Reports (consumerreports.org) rated 37 different models of laptops that were for sale in 2015. An overall score was assigned to each model based on consideration of several factors,
The accompanying table gives data from a survey of new car owners conducted by J.D. Power and Associates (USA TODAY, usatoday.com, March 29, 2016). For each brand of car sold in the United States,
The following two relative frequency distributions are based on data that appeared in The Chronicle of Higher Education (August 23, 2013). The data are from a survey of students at four-year
The accompanying relative frequency table is based on data from the 2016 College Bound Seniors Report (collegeboard.org, retrieved February 18, 2018).? a. Construct a relative frequency histogram for
The data in the accompanying table are from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (data.oecd.org/eduatt/population -with-tertiary-education.htm, retrieved February 18, 2018).
The percentage of teens not in school or working in 2010 for the 50 states were given in the 2012 Kids Count Data Book (aecf.org) and are shown in the following table:? Note that the percentages
The percentage of teens not in school or working in 2010 for the 50 states were given in the 2012 Kids Count Data Book (aecf.org) and are shown in the following table:? a. Construct a comparative
The previous exercise gave data on seat belt use for each of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (“Traffic Safety Facts,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, June 2015).
The accompanying data on seat belt use for each of the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia are from “Traffic Safety Facts,” (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, June 2015).
The paper ?State-Level Cancer Mortality Attributable to Cigarette Smoking in the United States? (JAMA Internal Medicine [2016]: 1792?1798) included the following state estimates of the total number
The National Center for Health Statistics provided the data in the accompanying table in the report ?National Vital Statistics Report? (January 5, 2017, cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf,
The report ?Findings From the 2014 College Senior Survey? (Higher Education Research Institute, December 2014) summarizes data collected from more than 13,000 college seniors across the United
During 2017, Gallup conducted a survey of adult Americans and asked the following question: What was the main reason you decided to enroll in the school or college where you completed your highest
The survey on student attitude toward e-books described in Exercise 3.5 was conducted in 2011. A similar survey was also conducted in 2012 (The Chronicle of Higher Education, August 23, 2013). Data
The authors of the report ?Findings from the 2009 Administration of the College Senior Survey? (Higher Education Research Institute, 2010) asked a large number of college seniors how they would rate
College student attitudes about e-books were investigated in a survey of 1625 students. Students were asked to indicate their level of agreement with the following statement:? ?I would like to be
The paper “Effect of a Nutritional Supplement on Hair Loss in Women” (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology [2015]: 76–82) describes an experiment to see if a dietary supplement consisting of Omega
USA TODAY (August 25, 2015) reported that “American women favor Kate Middleton as a shopping buddy over Michelle Obama by 10 percentage points.” This statement was based on a study in which 1001
A news release from Intel, “Intel’s Security International Internet of Things Smart Home Survey Shows Many Respondents Sharing Personal Data for Money” (March 30, 2016, newsroom.intel.com
The press release “Men Need to Man Up, According to Ball Park Brand Survey” (PR Newswire, October 14, 2015) describes the results of a study in which 1012 U.S. men were asked a number of
The short article “Developing Science-Based Food and Nutrition Information” (Journal of the American Dietetic Association [2001]: 1144–1145) includes some guidelines for evaluating a research
An article titled “I Said, Not While You Study: Science Suggests Kids Can’t Study and Groove at the Same Time” appeared in the Washington Post (September 5, 2006). This provides an example of a
The actual paper referred to in the USA Today article described in the previous exercise was “Children’s Television Exposure and Behavioral and Social Outcomes at 5.5 years: Does Timing of
The article “Effects of Too Much TV Can Be Undone” (USA Today, October 1, 2007) included the following paragraph: Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health report that it’s
The following paragraph appeared in USA Today (August 6, 2009): Cement doesn’t hold up to scrutiny A common treatment that uses medical cement to fix cracks in the spinal bones of elderly people
The San Luis Obispo Tribune (May 7, 2002) reported that “a new analysis has found that in the majority of trials conducted by drug companies in recent decades, sugar pills have done as well as—or
Suppose that the researchers who carried out the experiment described in the previous exercise thought that sex might be a potentially confounding variable. If 700 of the children participating in
The article “Study Points to Benefits of Knee Replacement Surgery Over Therapy Alone” (The New York Times, October 21, 2015) describes a study to compare two treatments for people with knee pain.
Give an example of an experiment for each of the following: a. Single-blind experiment with the subjects blindedb. Single-blind experiment with the individuals measuring the response blindedc.
The following is from an article titled “After the Workout, Got Chocolate Milk?” that appeared in the Chicago Tribune (January 18, 2005): Researchers at Indiana University at Bloomington have
The report “Comparative Study of Two Computer Mouse Designs” (Cornell Human Factors Laboratory Technical Report RP7992) included the following description of the subjects used in an experiment:
The authors of the paper “Playing by the Rules: Parental Mediation of Video Game Play” (Journal of Family Issues [2015]: 1–24) used data from a sample of parents to investigate the ways in
The 2013 National Study of Substance Use Habits of College Student-Athletes surveyed student-athletes at NCAA member colleges and universities. The passage below is from the survey website
Briefly explain why it is advisable to avoid the use of convenience samples.
Does sitting for long periods of time hurt your heart? The article “Why Sitting May Be Bad for Your Heart” (The New York Times, December 20, 2017) describes a study of 1700 people who were
A survey of adult Americans who are Internet users carried out in 2016 found that 79% were Facebook users (“Social Media Update 2016,” Pew Research Center, November 11, 2016). a. What
The article “Americans are ‘Getting the Wrong Idea’ on Alcohol and Health” (Associated Press, April 19, 2005) reported that observational studies in recent years that have concluded that
The article “Popping Cork Sound Makes Wine Taste Better” (decanter.com/wine-news/popping-cork -sound-makes-wine-taste-better-experiment -377364, retrieved February 11, 2018) describes a study in
The article ?Adolescents Living the 24/7 Lifestyle: Effects of Caffeine and Technology on Sleep Duration and Daytime Functioning? (Pediatrics [2009]: e1005-e1010) describes a study in which
In the United States, movies are rated by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). The accompanying table gives the MPAA rating of the 25 top money-making movies of 2015 (data from
The report 2013 International Bedroom Poll: Summary of Findings describes a survey of 251 adult Americans conducted by the National Sleep Foundation (sleepfoundation.org/sites/default
The report ?Trends in Community Colleges? (collegeboard.com/trends April 2106, trends .collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/trends-in -community-colleges-research-brief.pdf, retreived February 8,
Give brief definitions of the terms population and sample.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported the estimated percentage of households with only wireless phone service (no landline) in 2014 for the 50 states and the District of Columbia
The report referenced in the previous exercise also gave wet weather grades for the same beaches: a. Construct a bar chart for the wet weather grades. b. Do the bar charts from Part (a) and from the
Heal the Bay is an environmental organization that releases an annual beach report card based on water quality (Heal the Bay Beach Report Card, beachreportcard.org, retrieved May 7, 2016). The grades
The accompanying table gives the total number visits and the number of unique visitors for some popular social networking sites in the United States for the month of July 2017. The number of unique
The following display is a graph similar to one that appeared in USA TODAY (June 29, 2009). This graph is meant to be a bar graph of responses to the question shown in the graph. a. Is response to
The report “With Their Whole Lives Ahead of Them” (publicagenda.org/files/theirwhole livesaheadofthem.pdf, retrieved February 6, 2018) includes data from a survey of 200 students who started
Box Office Mojo (boxofficemojo.com) tracks movie ticket sales. Ticket sales (in millions of dollars) for each of the top 20 movies in 2014 and 2015 are shown in the accompanying table. a.
An article in the New Times San Luis Obispo (February 4, 2016) reported the accompanying concussion rates for different high school sports. The given data are concussion rates per 10,000 athletes
The Gallup report “More Americans Say Real Estate Is Best Long-Term Investment” (gallup.com, April 20, 2016, retrieved April 15, 2017) included data from a poll of 1015 adults. The responses to
A building contractor has a chance to buy an odd lot of 5000 used bricks at an auction. She is interested in determining the proportion of bricks in the lot that are cracked and therefore
A consumer group conducts crash tests of new model cars. To determine the severity of damage to 2019 Toyota Camrys resulting from a 10-mph crash into a concrete wall, the research group tests six
The supervisors of a rural county are interested in the proportion of property owners who support the construction of a sewer system. Because it is too costly to contact all 7000 property owners, a
The National Retail Federation used data from a survey of 7439 adult Americans to estimate the percent who planned to spend more on holiday shopping in 2017 than they spent in 2016. They estimated
The student senate at a university with 15,000 students is interested in the proportion of students who favor a change in the grading system to allow for plus and minus grades (for example, B1, B,
Based on a study of 2121 children between the ages of 1 and 4, researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin concluded that there was an association between iron deficiency and the length of time
The following conclusion from a study appeared in the article “Smartphone Nation” (AARP Bulletin, September 2009): “If you love your smart phone, you are not alone. Half of all boomers sleep
For the article that you selected in Exercise 43, suggest some confounding variables that may have an effect on the results of the study.In exerciseFind an article that describes a statistical study,
Use your calculator to generate 20 random integers from 1–100, and check the set of data for normality. Would you expect these data to be normal? Explain.
Explain how a pair of dice can be used to generate random numbers.
Explain how cards can be used to generate random numbers.
Which would be easier to simulate with random numbers, baseball or soccer? Explain.
A children?s beanbag game is set up as follows: Two children toss beanbags at the board as shown. They hit the board with a probability of 1/2 and score a 0 for a miss. When they hit the board, they
Many television and radio stations have a phone vote poll. If there is one in your area, select a specific day and write a brief paragraph stating the question of the day and state if it could be
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