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organization theory and design

Questions and Answers of Organization Theory and Design

Table 11.12 shows the results of Chau and Kelly's (1993) mixture process variable experiments (MPV) with printable coating material, which were described in Section 11.7.(a) Create this design and
The numbers in parentheses below are the responses for the design shown in Figure 11.19.(a) Fit the Schee quadratic model to the data above.(b) Verify that the design blocks orthogonally by checking
If all three components in a mixture design have the same lower and upper constraints (L=0.20, U=0.50), use Table 11.5 to create an orthogonally blocked mixture design, for tting the Schee
Shumate and Montgomery (1996) developed a TiW plasma etch process for semiconductor manufacturing by studying a mixture of three gases x1: SR6, x2: He, and x3: N2. The partial pressures of the three
Consider the mixture experiment described by Anderson and McLean(1974). They presented a problem where the formula for a are was ob-tained by mixing four chemicals x1: magnesium, x2: sodium nitrate,
Constraints on the mixture components are shown below.(a) Use the Xvert function in the mixexp package to nd the extreme ver-tices of the experimental region, and check to see if the ones listed in
Consider the problem discussed by Anik and Sukumar (1981). They studied the solubility of a butoconazole nitrate imidazole antifungal agent in a mixture of x1: polyethylene glycol 400, x2: glycerin,
In agricultural eld tests, two or more herbicides are often mixed together in so-called tank mixes in order to nd a mixture that is more eective than individual herbicides in controlling a multitude
Cornell (2002) describes an experiment to make a fruit punch composed of three types of juice: x1: watermellon, x2: pineapple, and x3: orange. The general acceptance of the fruit punch was to be
Belloto et al. (1985) studied the relation between y= Soluability of pheno-barbital and mixture components x1: ethanol, x2: propylene gycol and x3:water.(a) Use the mixexp package to list the
A mixture experiment was run in three components: x1, x2, and x3.(a) If the Schee model that best represented the data was y = 13:5x1 +3:2x2 + 9:8x3, then what is the predicted response at the pure
Use the EEw1s2 function in the daewr package to create a estimation-equivalent split-plot design.(a) Call the function with no arguments to see the list of designs available.(b) Create the design for
Follow Table 10.12 and use the R programming steps to create an EESPRS split-plot central composite design with one whole-plot factor and three sub-plot factors.
Fit the general quadratic model to the ceramic pipe data in Table 10.13.(a) Fit the model with the lmer function including the random whole plot eects.(b) Fit the model with the rsm function
Find the optimal moist cake for the data in Table 10.10.(a) Do the canonical analysis and make a contour plot of the moisture read-ing, y, using the least squares coecients shown on the left side of
A study was conducted to nd the optimum ratio of chloride and alka-line reserves (AR) in a product that was designed to add alkalinity to livestock rations. A small composite design was planned with
Fit the general quadratic model to the data from the pastry dough experi-ment given in Table 10.9.(a) Use the rsm function to t the model including block eects and check the adequacy of the
Create a blocked response surface design for four factors.(a) Use the rsm package to create an orthogonally blocked central composite design. How many runs are in this design, and how many runs are
Consider the model for the chemical reaction in Section 10.7.4.(a) Use the data shown on the next page that was obtained by running 20 experiments to t model 10.13.(b) Make a contour plot of
Consider the data in Table 10.1.(a) Fit the general quadratic model using the rsm function as shown in Section 10.6.1.(b) Use canonical analysis or ridge analysis to determine the conditions that
Consider the nonlinear model y = f(x1; x2) = 1e2x1 − 3e4x2 .(a) Linearize the model by taking the partial derivatives @f@i; i = 1; 4.(b) Construct a grid of candidate points in the experimental
Consider the experimental region shown in Figure 10.9, where −1 < x1 < 1,−1 < x2 < 1, and x2 C −2x1 − 2; x2 B −2x1 + 1.(a) Construct a grid ±1 2 of candidate points in the (x1; x2) design
The three factors that can be varied on the catapult are the start angle, stop angle, and pivot height.Each factor has three possible levels. A full 33 factorial would allow estima-tion of all
Consider conducting a response surface experiment with the wooden cat-apult described in exercise 2 of Chapter
Consider performing a response surface experiment using the paper heli-copters described in exercise 1 of Chapter 2 and Sections 3.2 and 3.3.(a) Create a response surface design of your choice by
Following up on the experiments described in Section 6.4, AlmeidaeSilva et al. (2003) ran a response surface design to nd the optimum nutrient levels and fermentation time for producing biomass by
Compare characteristics of standard response surface designs for four fac-tors.(a) Create a uniform precision central composite design, a Box-Behnken design, a small composite design, and a hybrid
Create a central composite design for two factors using the rsm package.(a) Create the uniform precision CCD and store the design along with ran-dom numbers (simulated response) in a data frame.(b)
Consider the results of the repeated measurements experiment from Us-age note: Stat-40 (1997) from the University of Texas at Austin. In this experiment the purpose was to determine how diet and
Consider the data from the repeated measures design shown in Table 9.10.(a) Fit a multivariate model using the lm function and then use the Anova function in the car package to compute the sphericity
Consider planning an experiment to compare the taste of chocolate brownie recipes. The treatments will consist of three brands of boxed brownie mixes and one from-scratch home recipe. A panel of
Lucas (1957) presented data from an extra-period crossover study on dairy cows. Three diet treatments were being compared and the response was the average daily production of FCM. The data is shown
Consider the data from a study reported by Varma and Chilton (1974), that was later reanalyzed by Jones (1980).This was a simple crossover dental study comparing a test compound to a placebo with
Bisgaard and Kulahci (2001) describe an experiment conducted by a man-ufacturer of boxed cake mixes. The manufacturer wanted to nd a way to make the recipe more robust so that if customers bake at a
Consider a 16-run fractional factorial split-plot design with three whole-plot factors A, B, and C, and four sub-plot factors P, Q, R, and S.(a) What degree of fractionation would you use in the
Using the FrF2 function, create a minimum aberration split-plot fractional factorial design with four whole-plot factors A, B, C, and D, and four sub-plot factors P, Q, R, and S utilizing a one-half
Czitrom and Spagon (1997) describe a split-plot experiment conducted in a semiconductor manufacturing facility. Oxidation of silicon in a well-controlled environment is a critical step in fabrication
Ramirez and Tobias (2007) present the data shown below from an experi-ment to compare performance, based on a quality characteristic, of a new and old lm type and three manufacturing pressures. One
Modify the R code using the FrF2 function in Section 8.3.2 (for creating the design for the sausage-casing experiment with two whole-plot factors, two blocks of whole plots, and two split-plot
Kuehl (2000) reports the results of an experiment conducted at a large seafood company to investigate the eect of storage temperature and type of seafood upon bacterial growth on oysters and mussels.
Modify the R code in Section 8.2.1 to create(a) A randomized list for a split-plot experiment with completely random-ized whole plots where there is one whole-plot factor A with 3 levels and two
Why wouldn't you treat the diameter of each cookie as the response in the cookie-baking experiment described in Section 8.2? What would you call the individual measurements on each cookie on each
Consider the apple slice browning experiment shown in Section 7.9.(a) If the apple slicer made eight slices of each apple instead of six, nd a partially confounded 4 × 3 factorial in three blocks of
Using the optBlock in the AlgDesign package create a partially confounded 2 × 32 factorial in six blocks of size 6.
Generate random data, and use R lm function to illustrate that all main eects and interactions can be estimated from the design you created.
Create a partially confounded 23 design in 14 blocks of size
Show why it is impossible to block a 3×4×6 into blocks of size 6 using the classical method without confounding a main eect.
Consider blocking a 2 × 32 × 4 factorial into six blocks of 12 treatment combinations each.(a) Naming the factors A, B, C, and D, which factors must be represented by pseudo factors in order to
For a 26−1 experiment with generator F = ABCDE that is blocked into four blocks with eight experimental units per block using the block dening contrasts ACD and BCD,(a) Determine the dening
Choice based conjoint studies (see Section 6.7 for an example and de-scription of conjoint analysis) are frequently used in marketing research.In choice based conjoint studies, potential customers
If the block dening contrasts are ACD and AB (shown in Section 7.6.1), show all interactions and their aliases that will be confounded with blocks.
Consider blocking a 26−2 fractional factorial, with generators E = ABC, and F = ABD, into 4 blocks of size
Consider blocking a 25 factorial into eight blocks with four experimental units per block using the block dening contrasts ACE, BCE, and ABCD(shown in Section 7.6.2). Show that the generalized
Consider an incomplete block design with t=10 levels of the treatment factor.(a) If a balanced incomplete block design (BIB) was constructed using the simplest method of forming blocks as all
An experimenter wanted to determine how the gear selected on a 10 speed bike would aect the time it takes a rider to pedal up a long, gradual hill.The experimental unit will be the trial or point in
Kamohara et al. (2001) used an 18-run orthogonal fractional factorial to investigate the eect of 8 factors (37×2) upon the Vt variance of MOSFETs(metaloxidesemiconductor eld-eect transistor). The
Curtis et al. (1982) proposed to conduct an experiment to study the eect of four factors in the software development process upon the software life cycle cost and the number of residual errors. The
Consider the data from the chemical reaction experiment from Box and Meyer (1993) shown in Table 6.16 on the next page. The rst ve columns dened the factor settings for the experiment, and the
Use the pb function in the package FrF2 to create a Plackett-Burman design to study 15 factors in 20 runs.
Prince (2007) performed a 25−2 fractional factorial in the process of op-timizing a clinical assay to detect Streptococcus pyogenes with real-time PCR. Optimization of this process would allow
Olsen et al. (2014) performed a 16-run 210−6 III fractional factorial in 10 factors labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, and K. The purpose was to identify factors in the synthesis of an Al-modied
Consider the experiment to study factors that aect the percent removal of arsenic from drinking water using a iron coated sand lter.(a) Modify the R code in Section 6.5.1 to produce the design shown
Create a 27−3 IV design using FrF2 with generators E = ABC, F = ABD, G = ACD.(a) Determine the dening relation for this design.(b) Determine the confounded strings of two-factor interactions that
Erhardt (2007) ran a 28−4 fractional factorial experiment to determine the factors that aect ight time of paper helicopters. The standard design is shown in Figure 6.19 below with all dimensions in
Use FrF2 to create a quarter fraction 25−2 design.(a) Use the design.info function to examine the aliases and determine the generators used by FrF2 to create the design.(b) Determine the dening
Melo et al. (2007) used a 24−1 factional factorial design with generator D = ABC to study the factors that in uence the production of levan by aerobic fermentation using the yeast Zymomonas
Consider a 23−1 factional factorial design.(a) Modify the FrF2 function call in Section 6.2 to create a list of the runs in the design.(b) Determine the dening relation.(c) Determine the complete
Reanalyze the data from the golf experiment, presented in the Appendix of Chapter 4, using the lmer function. Check to see if you get the same P-values and conclusions shown in Section 4.7.
Consider the data in Table 5.20 from Smith and Beverly (1981) taken from a staggered nested design to investigate the sources of variability in impurities in raw materials received at a plant in
Consider the data (Anderson and McLean, 1974) in the following table to come from a sampling study to determine the source of variability in the average amount spent on health care per year in
Consider the data in Table 5.9.(a) Enter the data into R and estimate the variance components 2a, 2 b , 2 c , and 2 using the method of moments and REML.(b) What are the major source or sources
Plan a sampling experiment to partition the source of variability in auto gas mileage in your community between drivers, cars, and replicates.(a) Describe how you would plan the study if drivers and
Using the mean squares and expected mean squares from the gage R&R study presented in Section 5.5, use the macro in the appendix of this chapter to compute a 90% condence interval on the variance
Read the data from Table 5.2 into R and(a) Calculate the ANOVA sums of squares and mean squares used in calcu-lating the condence limits in Section 5.4.2.(b) Calculate and compare the method of
Carry out the sampling experiment described in Section 5.3 to partition the variability in paper helicopter ight times.(a) Read your data into R and estimate the variance components using the method
Consider the situation described in Exercise 6 of Chapter 2 with t = 4 levels of the treatment factor, and = 2:0.(a) If by blocking the experimental units into blocks it was believed that the
Woodward (1970) conducted an experiment to determine the fastest path to second base in baseball. The three paths investigated were the round-out, narrow angle, and wide angle shown in the gure
le Riche and Csima (1964) evaluated four hypnotic drugs and a placebo to determine their eect on the quality of sleep in elderly patients. The treat-ment levels were labeled (A=Placebo,
Lew (2007) presents the data from an experiment to determine whether cultured cells respond to two drugs. The experiment was conducted using a stable cell line plated onto Petri dishes, with each
Horiuchi et al. (2005) conducted an experiment during Japan's 2004 Upper House election. The purpose of the experiment was to test the hypothesis that voter turnout is in uenced by the amount of
The data in Table 4.6 show the yields of ve varieties of barley in a ran-domized complete block experiment carried out in Minnesota reported in The Journal of the American Society of Agronomy by
Consider room temperature as an additional blocking factor for the cut-ower experiment described in Section 4.2.(a) What design could you use to incorporate the two blocking factors of ower type and
Consider planning an experiment to determine how the avor duration of gum is aected by the characteristics of the gum such as Factor A (type of gum stick or tablet), Factor B ( avor of gum), and
Nyberg (1999) has shown that silicon nitride (SiNx) grown by Plasma En-hanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) is a promising candidate for an antire ection coating (ARC) on commercial crystalline
Consider the data in Table 3.7 with the third observation (90) replaced by an atypical value (78) for those factor settings.(a) Calculate the eects for this data.(b) Make a normal or half-normal
Kenett and Steinberg (1987) described a two-level factorial experiment con-ducted by students to study the time required to boil 1 qt of water. Factors were A= ame level (low or high), B=pan size
In a continuation of the experiments to investigate the eect of plant growth regulators and spear bud scales on spear elongation in asparagus, described in exercise 5 of Chapter 2, Yang-Gyu and
Modify the R code on page 72 to verify that the power would be 0.80 for detecting dierences in marginal means of = 1:0 inch in the paper helicopter experiments with four levels of wing length,
Consider performing experiments to determine the eect of popcorn brand, power level, and time on the percentage of edible popcorn (unpopped or burnt is not edible) kernels made in a microwave oven.
In an experiment to maximize the Y = resolution of a peak on a gas chro-matograph, a signicant interaction between A = column temperature and C = gas ow rate was found. The table below shows the mean
A wooden catapult can be used to ip a foam ball. The catapult has three factors that can be adjusted: the start angle, the stop angle, and the pivot height. The distance the ball travels can be
A consultant was called to assist the police department of a large metropoli-tan city in evaluating its human relations course for new ocers. He planned a two-factor factorial experiment where the
Consider an experimental situation where the investigator was interested in detecting a maximum dierence in treatment means that is twice the stan-dard deviation of the response measured on
The eect of plant growth regulators and spear bud scales on spear elon-gation in asparagus was investigated by Yang-Gyu and Woolley (2006).Elongation rate of spears is an important factor determining
In an experiment to study the eect of the amount of baking powder in a biscuit dough upon the rise heights of the biscuits, four levels of baking powder were tested and four replicate biscuits were
In Section 2.8.2 an experiment for determining the eect of the download site selected upon the time to download a le was discussed. In this exper-iment:(a) Describe the experimental unit.(b)
Paper helicopters can be cut from one half of an 81 2 × 11 sheet of paper as shown below.These helicopters can be made quickly and inexpensively, and can be used to demonstrate experimental design
Consider the simple experiment described in Section 2.1 and used through-out this chapter to determine the eect of rise time on the height of bread dough. Describe the steps in the planning process
Kerry and Bland (1998) describe the analysis of cluster randomized studies where a group of subjects are randomized to the same treatment. For ex-ample, when women in some randomly selected districts
Describe a situation within your realm of experience (your work, your hobby, or school) where you might like to predict the result of some future action. Explain how an experimental design, rather

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