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organizational behavior
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior
How does this case demonstrate an ethical dilemma? What do you think are the ethics of the various people in this case? Use concepts from this chapter to defend your answers.
In this case there are many commitments expressed. Identify what you think are the key commitments and their bases?
What emotions might help or hinder the process of employing people with challenging backgrounds? Explain.
Whose responsibility is it to teach ethics? Do you think ethics can and should be taught in school? How about in organizations? Explain your answers.
Do you enjoy getting your hands dirty in doing a task? What is satisfying about the kind of work that often results in getting dirty and requires jeans instead of a suit?
When we put on a shirt, we don’t think or feel much about those who made it. When we read a story about poor conditions in a garment factory on the other side of the world, we may take a few
OB research is the basis of some OB practices in organizations, but many OB research findings are ignored. Why do you think this is the case? What can be done to improve the use of OB research?
Hofstede found that there is a strong relationship (correlation= 0.67) between a country’s power distance score and its gross national product (GNP) per capita. In particular, he found that
What is your reaction to Patagonia’s decision to put the environment at the heart of its organizational purpose?
Have there been challenges in your life that have triggered deep introspection?
Do you think Patagonia should be concerned about the wage and rights of employees who are in their supply chain but not directly part of Patagonia?
What outcomes do you think represent effective OB? Why?
Think for a moment about a current or past manager you have worked for. Would you rate that person as a conventional or sustainable manager? What factors did you take into account in choosing your
Life in prisons can be brutal and dehumanizing. There is some debate over whether this outcome is attributable to the individual characteristics of the inmates or to the organizational structural
What are key research questions and issues within the chocolate industry from a conventional OB perspective?
What sorts of research methods would each use to examine those questions and issues?
Why do you think companies like Cadbury’s are taking initiatives to enhance the welfare of cocoa growers? Why didn’t they do this sooner?
Do you think the ethical issues facing the chocolate industry have parallels in other global industries?
Why are wages and living conditions so poor in many of the factories in low-income countries that produce goods consumed in high-income countries?
Founded in 1998, PAETEC Communications is a broadband telecommunications firm providing local and long-distance voice, data, and Internet services to business customers in over 80 markets in the
In organizations like Merck & Co., the pharmaceuticals giant, and Microsoft Corporation, the leading producer of computer software, research scientists or computer programmers often work together in
In 1994, Jeffrey Bezos, a computer science and electrical engineering graduate from Princeton University, was growing weary of working for a Wall Street investment bank. His computer science
Think of an organization—a place of employment, a club, a sports team, a musical group, an academic society—that provided you with a significant work experience, and answer the following
What factors determine whether behavior in organizations is ethical or unethical? Divide up into small groups, and each person think of some unethical behaviors or incidents that you have observed in
Now that you understand the nature of OB and management, and the kinds of issues they address, debate the following topic:Team A. The best way to increase organizational effectiveness is to clearly
There are many laws governing the way companies in the United States should act to protect their employees and to treat them in a fair and equitable manner. However, many countries abroad do not have
Mark Wilson was all too familiar with the downsides of call center work. Wilson spent years managing call centers as an executive at the financial information publisher, Dun & Bradstreet.99
Choose a job you are very familiar with—a job you currently have, a job you used to have, or the job of a close family member or friend. Or the job could be one you have been able to observe
Emotional intelligence—the ability to understand and manage one’s own and other people’s moods and emotions—can be increased through training. When people are high on emotional intelligence,
Form groups of three or four people and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class.1. Take a few minutes to think about a recent incident in
Personality and ability have major implications for how people feel, think, and behave in organizations.Now that you have a good understanding of these individual differences, debate the following
Describe your work values. Are they predominantly extrinsic or intrinsic?
In some jobs, employees are expected to perform emotional labor most of the time. Salespeople, for example, are often required to be cheerful and polite, even to the most unpleasant customers.
Form groups of three or four people, and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class:1. Take a few minutes to think about instances in which
Values, attitudes, and moods and emotions have important implications for understanding and managing organizational behavior. Now that you have a good understanding of values, attitudes, and moods
Organizations work most effectively when their members voluntarily engage in organizational citizenship behaviors. You have likely witnessed some kind of organizational citizenship behavior. You may
How would your work values affect your reactions to each of these events at work?a. Getting promotedb. Being reassigned to a position with more responsibility but receiving no increase in payc.
Describe your mood over the past week or two. Why have you felt this way? How has your mood affected your behavior?
What facets of a job are particularly important determinants of your level of job satisfaction? What standards do you (or would you) use to evaluate your job on these dimensions?
Toward what kind of organization are you most likely to have affective commitment? Toward what kind of organization are you most likely to have continuance commitment?
How might your affective commitment to an organization affect your behavior?
What forms of organizational citizenship behavior are you especially likely to perform, and why? What forms of organizational citizenship behavior are you least likely to perform, and why?
Your objective is to gain firsthand experience in some of the issues involved in managing diversity. The class is divided into groups of three to five people, and each group appoints one member as
In 2010, Sodexo was ranked first on DiversityInc’s “Top 50 Companies for Diversity” list. Over 440 companies were considered by DiversityInc for potential inclusion in the list. Sodexo is a
Think about the last meeting or gathering you attended. It could be a meeting that took place at the organization you are currently working for, a meeting of a club or student organization you are a
Given perceptual problems and biases, such as stereotyping and the similar-to-me effect, proponents of affirmative action argue that organizations need to take proactive steps to ensure that
Form groups of three or four people and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class.1. Take a few minutes to think about situations in which
Perception and attribution have major effects on the decisions made in organizations and on how members of an organization respond to each other’s behavior. Now that you have a good understanding
Your objective is to gain experience in applying learning principles and theories and understanding the challenges involved in managing the learning process. The class divides into groups of three to
In today’s global economy, more and more kinds of jobs are being outsourced to countries with lower labor costs.95 Outsourcing has moved beyond the manufacture of products to skilled, technical,
Think about the last time you finally succeeded at something that had been giving you trouble. It could be a particularly troublesome class that you managed to pull through with a decent grade or a
Positive reinforcement can be used to promote the learning of desired behaviors in organizations. Commission pay plans, for example, reinforce salespeople for selling by paying them a percentage of
Creativity is the generation of new and useful ideas. Now that you have a good understanding of creativity, debate the following issue.Team A. Creativity is only important in certain kinds of jobs
Think about the last time you felt really motivated to do well at some activity: in one of your classes, at work, or in some kind of hobby or leisure activity (such as playing golf, running, or
Employees often differ in their needs for time off from work. Employees with small children, single parents, employees with health problems, and employees who are the primary caregivers for an
Form groups of three or four people, and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class:1. Take a few minutes to think about a time in your life
Motivation explains why members of an organization behave as they do and either help or hinder the organization from achieving its goals. Now that you have a good understanding of motivation, debate
Your objective is to gain experience in confronting the challenges of (1) maintaining high levels of motivation when resources are shrinking and (2) developing an effective motivation program. The
With more than 11,000 employees, the SAS Institute is the largest privately owned software company in the world with approximately $2.3 billion in revenues.100 Revenues have increased as SAS every
Pick two people you know pretty well who are working (such as friends or relatives). Try to pick one person who is primarily extrinsically motivated by his or her job and another person who is
Some employees are given specific, difficult goals and their very livelihood depends on how well they perform. For example, salespeople who are paid strictly on a commission basis have all their
Form groups of three or four people, and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class.1. Take a few minutes to think about a situation in
Job design and goal setting are two major motivational tools that managers can use to increase motivation and performance. Now that you have a good understanding of job design and goal setting, form
Your objective is to gain experience in redesigning a job to increase employee autonomy. Assume the role of a manager in charge of a group of artists that draws pictures for greeting cards. You
Google is the most popular search engine on the Internet today and earns revenues for one-third of all online advertising in the United States. Its popularity is due, in no small part, to Google,
Think about the kind of career you would like to have and are trying to pursue.1. Describe your desired career. Why do you want to have this career?2. Describe three specific jobs you think would be
Given that employees depend on their pay for many things, including taking care of themselves and their loved ones, some would argue that basing pay on team or organizational performance might be
Form groups of three or four people, and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class.1. Take a few minutes to think about situations in which
The exchange relationship employees have with their organizations is embodied in their psychological contracts. Performance appraisal, pay, and careers are important aspects of the exchange
Think about the last significant stressful experience you had on the job or at school. For the experience you have chosen, do the following:1. Describe the experience and the surrounding
As many organizations continue to lay off employees, CEOs and top managers are taking home record salaries. In the United States, the differences between what employees at the very top of an
Form groups of three or four people, and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class.1. Take a few minutes to think about the emotion-focused
Stress can have major impacts on people and their organizations. Now that you understand how stress affects individual employees as well as organizations, debate the following issue:Team A. The
Your objective is to gain experience in developing effective strategies for helping members of an organization to cope with stress. Assume the role of a supervisor of a group of 12 financial analysts
In many organizations, some groups of employees typically have higher status than others. And sometimes the groups with the lower status feel they are not appreciated and are “second-class
Form groups of three or four people, and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class.1. Take a few minutes to think about groups you were a
Groups are the basic building blocks of organizations. Now that you have a good understanding of the nature and types of groups and how groups control and socialize their members, debate the
Your objective is to gain experience in developing roles, rules, and norms that contribute to group effectiveness. Procedure The class is divided into groups of three to five people, and each group
Think of a group you are currently a member of—a work group, a club, or any other group you belong to and actively participate in. Briefly describe the group. Then answer each of these questions:1.
As the chapter notes, sometimes when groups or teams become too large the problem of social loafing arises as some employees withhold their own efforts and let other members of the team bear the work
After reading the following scenario, break up into groups of three or four people and discuss the issues involved. Be prepared to share your thinking with the rest of the class. You are the managers
Organizational effectiveness hinges on the effectiveness of the groups that make up an organization. Now that you have a good understanding of what makes for effective work groups, debate the
Your objective is to gain experience in developing a strategy to reduce social loafing in an ongoing group. Assume the role of a manager of a home improvements/building supply store that sells a wide
Leaders can have powerful effects on their subordinates and their organizations as a whole. Now that you have a good understanding of leadership, debate the following issue:Team A. Managers can be
Your objective is to gain experience in effectively leading a group of employees who have varying levels of ability and motivation. Assume the role of Maria Cuellar, who has just been promoted to the
Choose a public figure you are familiar with (you know the individual, you have read about the person in magazines and newspapers, or you have seen him or her on TV) who is in a leadership position.
Influence and persuasion are a central part of a leader’s job; leaders routinely attempt to influence employees to work hard and perform at a high level. Leadership can have a dark side if managers
Form groups of three to five people, discuss the following scenario, and discuss the questions; be prepared to share your discussions with your class: You are the founding entrepreneurs of
Think of the last time you came into conflict with another person or group, such as a manager you worked for or even a friend or family member. Then answer these questions:1. Was this the first time
Managers routinely use organizational politics and negotiation to try to convince other managers to agree with their goals and follow the course of action they are championing. They may also seek
Form groups of three or four people and appoint one member as the spokesperson who will communicate your conclusions to the rest of the class.Think of an organization you are all familiar with such
Organizational politics and conflict are part of the fabric of behavior in organizations. Now that you understand how these processes work in organizations, debate the following issue.Team A. The use
Your objective is to gain an appreciation of the conflict process and to understand the difficulties involved in managing conflict successfully. The class divides into groups of from three to five
Think of two important decisions you have recently made—m one you made individually and one you made as a member of a group. Describe each decision. For each decision, answer these questions:1. Was
As we discussed, the question of whether a decision is ethical or not is an important aspect of the decision-making process. In group decision making, sometimes the diffusion of responsibility can
Decision making is one of the most important processes in all organizations. Now that you have a good understanding of decision making, debate the following issue.Team A. Individuals generally make
Your objective is to gain experience in using the nominal group technique. The class is divided into groups of three to five people, and each group appoints one member as spokesperson to report the
Different kinds of organizational structures lead people to behave in different ways. Now that you understand the kinds of choices that organizations face when they create their organizational
You will analyze the structure of a real organization such as a department store, restaurant, hospital, fire station, or police department. In the next chapter, you will identify the contingencies
Think of an organization you are familiar with—a university, restaurant, church, department store, or an organization you have worked for—and answer these questions:1. What form of structure does
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