Questions and Answers of Structural Analysis

What critical event occurs during the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?a. The cell either prepares to divide or commits to not dividing.b. DNA replication produces pairs of sister chromatids.c.
How many sets of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell, and how many chromosomes are within one set?a. 2 sets, with 23 in each setb. 23 sets, with 2 in each setc. 1 set, with 23 in each setd.
A pea plant has the genotype TtRr. The independent assortment of these two genes occurs at ________ because chromosomes carrying the _______ alleles line up independently of the chromosomes carrying
Which phase of meiosis is depicted in the drawing below?a. Metaphase of meiosis Ib. Metaphase of meiosis IIc. Anaphase of meiosis Id. Anaphase of meiosis II B W
Which of the following statements regarding plants is false?a. Meiosis within anthers produces spores that develop into pollen.b. Meiosis within ovules produces spores that develop into an embryo
Which phase of mitosis is depicted in the drawing below?a. Prophaseb. Prometaphasec. Metaphased. Anaphasee. Telophase
Which of the following is the correct order of phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle?a. G1, G2, S, Mb. G1, S, G2, Mc. G1, G2, M, Sd. G1, S, M, G2
When a karyotype is prepared, which of the following steps is carried out?a. Treat the cells with a chemical that causes them to begin cell division.b. Treat the cells with a hypotonic solution that
Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell?a. Plasma membraneb. Ribosomec. Cell nucleusd. Cytoplasm
Binary fissiona. is a form of asexual reproduction.b. is a way for bacteria to reproducec. begins with a single mother cell and produces two genetically identical daughter cells.d. All of the above
What is the function of the kinetochore during mitosis?a. It promotes the attachment of monads to each other to form a dyad.b. It is a location where a kinetochore microtubule can attach to a
When does crossing over usually occur, and what is the end result?a. It occurs during prophase of meiosis I, and the end result is the exchange of pieces between homologous chromosomes.b. It occurs
In animals, a key difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is thata. only oogenesis involves meiosis.b. only spermatogenesis involves meiosis.c. spermatogenesis produces four sperm, whereas
Which of the following is not one of the tenets of the chromosome theory of inheritance?a. Chromosomes contain the genetic material that is transmitted from parent to offspring and from cell to
Which of the following operations could be used for hypothesis testing?a. Product ruleb. Binomial expansionc. Chi square testd. Any of the above operations could be used.
To avoid self-fertilization in his pea plants, Mendel had toa. spray the plants with a chemical that damaged the pollen.b. remove the anthers from immature flowers.c. grow the plants in a greenhouse
In a population of wild squirrels, most of them have gray fur, but an occasional squirrel is completely white. If we let P and p represent dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, of a gene that
For the pedigree shown here, which pattern(s) of inheritance is/ are possible? Affected individuals are shown with a filled symbol.a. Recessiveb. Dominantc. Both recessive and dominantd. Neither
In dogs, brown fur color (B) is dominant to white (b). A cross is made between two heterozygotes for fur color. If the litter consists of six puppies, what is the probability that half of them will
With regard to Mendel’s experiments, the term cross refers to an experiment in whicha. the gametes come from different individuals.b. the gametes come from a single flower of the same individual.c.
A cross is made between a pea plant that is RrYy and one that is rrYy. What is the predicted outcome of the seed phenotypes?a. 9 round, yellow : 3 round, green : 3 wrinkled, yellow : 1 wrinkled,
A Tt pea plant is crossed to a tt plant. What is the expected ratio of phenotypes for offspring from this cross?a. 3 tall : 1 dwarfb. 1 tall : 1 dwarfc. 1 tall : 3 dwarfd. 2 tall : 1 dwarf
A cross is made between AA Bb Cc Dd and Aa Bb cc dd individuals. Rather than making a very large Punnett square, which statistical operation could you use to solve this problem, and what would be the
Which of the following would not be observed in a pedigree if a genetic disorder was inherited in a recessive manner?a. Two unaffected parents have an affected offspring.b. Two affected parents have
Experimental advantages of using pea plants include which of the following?a. They came in several different varieties.b. They were capable of self-fertilization.c. They were easy to cross.d. All of
A pea plant has the genotype rrYy. How many different types of gametes can it make and in what proportions?a. 1 rr : 1 Yyb. 1 rY : 1 ryc. 3 rY : 1 ryd. 1 RY : 1 rY : 1 Ry : 1 ry
A pea plant is Tt. Which of the following statements is correct?a. Its genotype is Tt, and its phenotype is dwarf.b. Its phenotype is Tt, and its genotype is dwarf.c. Its genotype is Tt, and its
Evolutionary change caused by natural selection results in species witha. greater complexity.b. less complexity.c. greater reproductive success in their environment.d. the ability to survive longer.
A human skin cell has 46 chromosomes. A human sperm cell hasa. 23.b. 46.c. 92.d. None of the above is the number of chromosomes in a sperm cell.
A person studying the rate of transcription of a particular gene is working in the field ofa. molecular genetics.b. transmission genetics.c. population genetics.d. None of the above is correct.
Variation in the traits of organisms may be attributable toa. gene mutations.b. alterations in chromosome structure.c. variation in chromosome number.d. all of the above.
The scientific method involves which of the following?a. The collection of observations and the formulation of a hypothesisb. Experimentationc. Data analysis and interpretationd. All of the above
Which of the following is not a model organism?a. Mus musculus (laboratory mouse)b. Escherichia coli (a bacterium)c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a yeast)d. Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel)
At which of the following levels can gene expression be observed?a. Molecular and cellular levelsb. Organism levelc. Population leveld. All of the above
Which of the following is not a constituent of a cell’s proteome?a. An enzymeb. A cytoskeletal proteinc. A transport protein in the plasma membraned. An mRNA
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the information to produce a functional product. The functional product of most genes isa. DNA.b. mRNA.c. a polypeptide.d. none of the above.
The function of the genetic code is toa. promote transcription.b. specify the amino acids within a polypeptide.c. alter the sequence of DNA.d. do none of the above.
The direct result of the process of transcription is the synthesis ofa. DNA.b. RNA.c. a polypeptide.d. all of the above.
The beds below an angular unconformity have an attitude of 334°, 74°W, and those above 030°E, 54°NW. What was the attitude of the older beds while the younger beds were being deposited?
Draw structure contours on Fig. G-3. Use a 400-ft contour interval (including 0, 400, 800, 1200, etc.). Assume that, unlike the example in Fig. 2.8, this surface is not broken by faults, so your
Solve Problems 1.4 and 1.5 using the alignment diagram (Fig. 1.7).Problem 1.4Along a railroad cut, a bed has an apparent dip of 20° in a direction of N62°W. The bed strikes N67°E. Using
A fault has the following attitude: 080°, 48°S. Using orthographic projection, determine the apparent dip of this fault in a vertical cross section striking 295°.
Translate the azimuth convention into the quadrant convention, or vice versa.a) N12°Eb) 298°c) N86°Wd) N55°E e) 126° f) N37°Wg) 233°h) 270°i) 083°j) N3°W
Fault surfaces sometimes contain overprinted slip lineations (fault striae). Such slip lineations can be used to determine the orientation of slip on a fault, and, therefore, whether the motion on
Along a railroad cut, a bed has an apparent dip of 20° in a direction of N62°W. The bed strikes N67°E. Using orthographic projection, find the true dip.
Circle those attitudes that are impossible (i.e., a bed with the indicated strike cannot possibly dip in the direction indicated).a) 314°, 49°NWb) 086°, 43°W c) N15°W, 87°NWd) 345°,
On the geologic map in Fig. G-1 (Appendix G) draw the correct strike and dip symbol in each circle to indicate the attitude of Formation B and each dike. To verify your attitude symbols, Fig. G-2 can
A bed strikes 065° and dips 40° to the south. Two vertical cross sections need to be drawn through this bed, one oriented north–south and the other oriented east–west. By orthographic
A fault plane is intersected by two mine adits. In one adit the plunge and trend of the apparent dip is 20°, N10°W, and in the other it is 32°, N85°W. Use orthographic projection to determine the
Solve Problem 1.5 using trigonometry.Problem 1.5A fault has the following attitude: 080°, 48°S. Using orthographic projection, determine the apparent dip of this fault in a vertical cross section
Solve Problem 1.4 using trigonometry.Problem 1.4Along a railroad cut, a bed has an apparent dip of 20° in a direction of N62°W. The bed strikes N67°E. Using orthographic projection, find the true
The apparent dip of a fault plane is measured in two trenches. In one trench the apparent dip is 4° toward the southwest in a trench wall that has a bearing of 220°. In the second trench the
A mining company is planning to construct an underground coal mine within a thin coal seam that dips 2° due east. You are the mine engineer, and it is your task to make sure that the mine adits do
Points A, B, and C in Fig. G-4 are oil wells drilled on a level plain, and all of the wells tap the same oilbearing sandstone. The depth (not the elevation!) of the top of this sandstone in each well
The Paleogene (Paleocene through Oligocene) units of the Bree Creek Quadrangle were folded and then eroded nearly flat. Determine the approximate stratigraphic thickness of each of these Paleogene
Figure G-5 is a topographic map. Points A, B, and C are outcrop points of the upper surface of a planar coal seam. Point Z is an outcrop point of the base of the coal seam.1. Determine the attitude
Determine the approximate thickness of the Neogene units in the areas indicated. (Both the Helm’s Deep Sandstone and the Rohan Tuff have quite variable thicknesses. The Rohan Tuff was tilted and
On the Bree Creek Quadrangle map determine the exact strike and dip of the Miocene and Pliocene units and label the map accordingly with the appropriate symbol. List each attitude in the space below
Figure G-7 consists of three geologic maps, each of which has two topographic profiles below it. For each map there are at least two possible interpretations for the contact. Sketch two geologically
Draw topographic profiles and structure sections A–A’ and B–B’ on the Bree Creek Quadrangle map. Draw them as neatly and accurately as possible, and color each unit on the structure sections
Draw structure section A–A’ on Fig. G-9. Determine each apparent dip, using either the alignment diagram in Fig. 1.7 or trigonometry.Fig. 1.7Fig. G-9 True dip 70 60 40 30 20% 10 0¹ Apparent
Draw structure section A–A’ on Fig. G-8 (Appendix G).Fig. G-8 (Appendix G). A -NV 63 Fm. X 60+ Fm. B 65- Fm. X 62- Fm. Q 60- 50+ 55+ Fm. X -A'
On a piece of graph paper construct a stratigraphic column for the Cenozoic and Mesozoic units of the Bree Creek Quadrangle. Choose a scale that allows your column to fit comfortably on a single
An exploration oil well was drilled at the point shown on Fig. G-10 and the units encountered are shown on the structure section. The oil-bearing Eagle Bluff Limestone was encountered at a depth of
Figure G-12 (Appendix G) is a block model to be cut out and folded into a three-dimensional block. The surface with the north arrow represents a horizontal surface. You may want to color some of the
Using the data from the three drill holes shown below, determine the attitude of bedding. Hole no. | 23 Plunge and trend of hole 70°, N20°W 76⁰°, N80°E 68°, S30°W Angle between axis of
Figure G-58 contains three focal-mechanism solutions. Beneath each diagram write a description of the two possible interpretations for fault orientation and sense of motion (normal, reverse, oblique,
Figure G-13 is a sketch of the profile view of a set of folds exposed in the face of a cliff. First try to visualize the orientations of dip isogons on these folds. Then draw dip isogons at 108
Along a vertical railroad cut a bed has an apparent dip of 20°, 298°. The bed strikes 067°. What is the true dip?
In a mine, a fault has an apparent dip of 14°, N90°W in one adit and 25°, S11°E in another. What is the attitude of the fault plane?
A fault strikes due north and dips 70°E. A limestone bed with an attitude of 325°, 25°SW is cut by the fault. Hydrothermal alteration along the fault has resulted in an ore shoot at the
One limb of a fold has an attitude of 061°, 48°SE and other limb 028°, 55°NW. What is the orientation of the fold axis?
A coal bed with an attitude of N68°E, 40°S is exposed near the bottom of a hill. One adit is to be driven westward along the bottom of the bed from the east side of the hill, and a second adit is
You are mapping metamorphic rocks and you notice a lineation within the rocks. At five different outcrops you measure the pitch of the lineation on an exposed planar rock surface (not necessarily the
Two intersecting shear zones have the following attitudes: N80°E, 75°S and N60°E, 52°NW.1. What is the orientation of the line of intersection?2. What is the orientation of the plane
Iron-bearing minerals in volcanic rocks contain magnetic fields that were acquired when the magma flowed out onto the earth’s surface and cooled. These magnetic fields can be measured to determine
The dip direction of cross-beds in sandstone can be used to determine the direction that the current was flowing when the sand was deposited. A sandstone bed strikes 320° and dips 57°SW. Cross-beds
Figure G-15 contains five geologic maps, each of which contains folded strata. Fold a piece of paper to help you visualize each fold’s shape and orientation, then draw crestal and/or trough traces
In the northeastern fault block of the Bree Creek Quadrangle there is a hill that is capped by Helm’s Deep Sandstone overlying Rohan Tuff. In Problem 3.1 you determined the attitudes of these two
Figure G-14 contains photographs of four rock slabs. First, examine each photograph and try to visualize dip isogons on the folds. Write a description of the class or classes of folds you can
Figure G-16 shows the sides and top of a block model of folded layered rocks. The surface with the north arrow represents a horizontal surface. Cut out the pattern, and fold it into a block. Look at
1. On separate pieces of tracing paper construct a b-diagram and p-diagram for the folds in Figure G-17 (Appendix G). Determine the trend and plunge of the fold axis.2. Construct a profile view as
Three of the four fault blocks within the Bree Creek Quadrangle contain folded Paleogene rocks for which bedding attitudes are shown on the map. Complete the tasks listed below for each fault block.
Figure G-21 (Appendix G) contains an oblique view of a small map area showing several outcrops, some with parasitic folds. Each outcrop on the oblique view is represented on the map view (Fig. G-21b)
Figure G-23 contains a geologic map that shows both the bedding and cleavage attitudes. Using the cleavage– bedding relations discussed above, sketch a cross section of the map area showing the
Figure G-22 is a photograph of an outcrop in the Transantarctic Range of Antarctica. The view shows a cross section of beds of coarse conglomerate and finer-grained conglomerate. The arrow points to
Figure G-24 is a photograph of a slabbed rock that experienced two generations of folding. Compare this photograph with the patterns shown in Fig. 8.8; indicate which type of interference pattern is
In the southeastern fault block of the Bree Creek Quadrangle, Paleozoic rocks have experienced two episodes of folding, F1 and F2. The foliations shown on the Bree Creek map are axial planar. F1
Measure the slip in Problem 9.1 if slickenside lineations trend northwest and have a pitch of 60°.Problem 9.1Figure 9.7 shows the trace of a fault (330°, 50°SW) and a dike (040°, 35°SE) with 450
Figure 9.7 shows the trace of a fault (330°, 50°SW) and a dike (040°, 35°SE) with 450 m of strike separation. Assume that this is a normal fault. What is the amount of slip? Z→ O SE 0 100 450
Figure 9.9 is a geologicmap showing a fault.Onthe east side of the fault the beds all have an attitude of 335°, 40°E. West of the fault the rocks are poorly exposed, with only two outcrops, which
By stereographic projection, using the attitudes determined in Problem 3.1, determine the amount (in degrees) and direction of Neogene tilting on the fault blocks of the Bree Creek Quadrangle that
Answer the following questions regarding features on the geologic map shown in Figure G-25 (Appendix G). Use the spaces provided on Fig. G-25. This exercise will require you to integrate information
The table below lists measurements from 10 normal faults in a small area on the island of Crete (Angelier, 1979). Plot the data on an equal-area net and determine the orientation of the principal
Figure G-27 is a geologic map and structure section from the Inyo Range of eastern California. Using complete sentences, describe the history of principal stress orientations in this area. What can
Using the geologic map, your structure sections, and your work in this chapter, write a succinct, complete description of each fault in the Bree Creek Quadrangle. Use complete sentences, but avoid
Figure G-26 (Appendix G) shows three pairs of conjugate shear surfaces. Sketch the arrows representing the three principal stress directions on each pair of conjugate shear surfaces, as was done on
Figure 10.5 shows a map of a mine adit and a series of minor faults that occur in a homogeneous rock unit. Plot the fault planes on the equal-area net and determine the orientation of the stress
In one succinct paragraph, describe the history of the principal stress orientations in the Bree Creek Quadrangle. Be as specific as possible about the time intervals during which variously oriented
Figure G-28 is a generalized map of a portion of the southwestern United States showing the Basin-and- Range geologic province and bordering regions. The Basin-and-Range province derives its name

Showing 700 - 800 of 1426