Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is used extensively as a white pigment. It is produced from an ore that contains ilmenite (FeT i O 3 ) and ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ). The ore is digested with an aqueous...

A packing crate of mass 40 kg must be moved to the left along the floor without tipping. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the crate and the floor is 0.35, determine (a) The...

A brass rod 100 mm long and 5 mm in diameter extends horizontally from a casting at 200e. The rod is in an air environment with T = 20C and h = 30 W/m2 K. What is the temperature of the rod 25, 50,...

Monochlorobenzene (M) is produced commercially by the direct catalytic chlorination of benzene at 40?C and 120 kPa absolute. In the process, dichlorobenzene (D) is generated as a co product: Liquid...

A fuel gas containing 95 mole% methane and the balance ethane is burned completely with 25% excess air. The stack gas leaves the furnace at 900C and is cooled to 450C in a waste heat boiler, a heat...

Determine the force in members CD, CF, and CG and state if these members are in tension or compression. Units Used: kN = 103 N Given: F1 = 2kN F4 = 5kN a = 5 m F2 = 4kN F5 = 3kN b = 2 m F3 = 4kN c =...

Ten mL of pure liquid water in a cylinder with a movable piston is heated at a constant pressure of 1 atm from an initial temperature of 80?C. The temperature of the system is monitored, and the...

Calculate Z and V' for sulfur hexafluoride al 75(C and 15 bar by die following equation: (a) The truncated virial equation [Eq. (3.40)] with the following experimental values of virial coefficients:...

A gaseous mixture of CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 is analyzed with a gas chromatograph (see Problem 3.26). The output appears on a strip-chart recorder, as shown here. For each of the three species, the...

Consider a two-stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 1.4 MPa and 160 kPa with refrigerant-134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the...

A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is be calibrated using the apparatus shown here. Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with...

Volume flow rate through an annulus, a horizontal annulus, 27 ft in length, has an inner radius of 0.495 in. and an outer radius of 1.1 in. A 60% aqueous solution of sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) is to...

The top surface of a heated compartment consists of very smooth (A) and highly roughened (B) portions, and the surface is placed in an atmospheric airstream. In the interest of minimizing total...

Calculate the total work, in Btu, for process 1 - 3 shown in Fig. P4 - 4E. 300 15 1 23.3 FIGURE P4-4E

Consider an array of vertical rectangular fins, which is to be used to cool an electronic device mounted in quiescent, atmospheric air at T = 27C. Each fin has L = 20 mm and H = 150 mm and operates...

(a) A sinusoidal signal, with amplitude of 3.25 volts, is applied to a uniform quantizer of the mid-tread type whose output takes on the values 0, 1, 2, 3 volts. Sketch the waveform of the resulting...

Determine the force in each member of the Pratt bridge truss shown. State whether each member is in tension or compression. Assume that the load at G has been removed. Ao 6 KN 6 kN 6 KN

When y is zero, the springs sustain force F0. Determine the magnitude of the applied vertical forces F and -F required to pull point A away from point B a distance y1. The ends of cords CAD and CBD...

Because of the large number of devices in today's PC chips, finned heat sinks are often used to maintain the chip at an acceptable operating temperature. Two fin designs are to be evaluated, both of...

Consider a liquid flow system consisting of a sealed tank with noncondensible gas above the liquid as shown in Figure. Derive an unsteady-state model relating the liquid Level h to the input flow...

In the production of a bean oil beans containing 13.0 wt% oil and 87.0% solids are ground and fed to a stirred tank (the extractor) along with a recycled stream of liquid n-hexane. The feed ratio is...

Acetylene is hydrogenated to form ethane. The feed to the reactor contains 1.50mol H 2 /mol C 2 H 2 . (a) Calculate the stoichiometric reactant ratio (mol H 2 react/mol C 2 H 2 react) and the yield...

An isothermal silicon chip of width W = 20 mm on a side is soldered to an aluminum heat sink (k = 180 W/m K) of equivalent width. The heat sink has a base thickness of Lb = 3 mm and an array of...

N-Hexane is used to extract oil from soybeans. The solid residue from the extraction unit, which contains 0.78 kg liquid hexane/kg dry solids, is contacted in a dryer with nitrogen that enters at...

Determine the force in member GJ of the truss and state if this member is in tension or compression. Units Used: kip = 103 lb Given: F1 = 1000 lb F2 = 1000 lb F3 = 1000 lb F4 = 1000 lb a = 10 ft =...

Consider one-dimensional conduction in a plane composite wall. The outer surfaces are exposed to a fluid at 25C and a convection heat transfer coefficient of 1000 W/m 2 K. The middle wall B...

The coefficient of static friction between the 150-kg crate and the ground is ? s = 0.3, while the coefficient of static friction between the 80-kg man?s shoes and the ground is ?? s = 0.4. Determine...

Zirconium has an HCP crystal structure and a density of 6.51 g/cm 3 . (a) What is the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters? (b) If the c/a ratio is 1.593, compute the values of c and a.

A dilute aqueous solution of H2SO4 (Solution A) is to be mixed with a solution containing 90.0 wt% H2SO4 (Solution B) to produce a 75.0 wt% solution (Solution C). The flow rate and concentration of...

(a) Suppose that Li2O is added as an impurity to CaO. If the Li+ substitutes for Ca2+, what kind of vacancies would you expect to form? How many of these vacancies are created for every Li+ added?...

The density of a fluid is given by the empirical equation p = 70.5 exp (8.27 x 10 -7 p) where p is density (lbm/ft 3 ) and P is pressure (lbf/in. 2 ). (a) What are the units of 70.5 and 8.27 x 10 -7...

A floor truss is loaded as shown. Determine the force in members CF, EF, and EG. 250 Ih 500 4 ft 500 I 375 4 ft 50 h 250 125 thi 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft EV B

A specimen of medium-carbon steel having an initial diameter of 0.503 in was tested in tension using a gauge length of 2 in. The following data were obtained for the elastic and plastic states: Note...

Determine the force in each member of the double scissors truss in terms of the load P and state if the members are in tension or compression. B L/3 -L13 L13- P.

A bar of steel has the minimum properties Se = 276 MPa, Sy = 413 MPa, and Sut = 551 MPa. The bar is subjected to a steady torsional stress of 103 MPa and an alternating bending stress of 172 MPa....

A gas stream contains 18.0mole% hexane and the remainder nitrogen, the stream flows to a condenser, where its temperature is reduced and some of the hexane is liquefied. The hexane mole fraction in...

For each of the plane stress states listed below, draw a Mohrs circle diagram properly labeled, find the principal normal and shear stresses, and determine the angle from the x axis to 1. Draw stress...

Due to an unequal distribution of fuel in the wing tanks, the centers of gravity for the airplane fuselage A and wings B and C are located as shown. If these components have weights WA, WB and WC,...

Determine the reactions at the beam supports for the given loading. 240 lh/ft 180 Ib/ft 3.6 ft- 4.8 ft

An electric cable of radius r l and thermal conductivity k e is enclosed by an insulating sleeve whose outer surface is of radius r 2 and experiences convection heat transfer and radiation exchange...

The composite plate is made from both steel (A) and brass (B) segments. Determine the mass and location (xc, yc, zc) of its mass center G. Units Used: Mg = 1000 kg Given: st = 7.85Mg/m 3 a = 150 mm b...

The permissible shear stress for the weldment illustrated is 140 MPa. Estimate the load, F, that will cause this stress in the weldment throat. br> 300 Daxenskns

Express each of the three forces acting on the bracket in Cartesian vector form with respect to the x and y axes. Determine the magnitude and direction θ of F1 so that the resultant force is...

The base plate of an iron has a thickness of L = 7 mm and is made from an aluminum alloy (p = 2800 kg/m 3 c = 900 J/kg K, k = 180 W/m K, = 0.80). An electric resistance heater is attached to the...

The boom supports the two vertical loads. Neglect the size of the collars at D and B and the thickness of the boom, and compute the horizontal and vertical components of force at the pin A and the...

The cold-drawn AISI 1040 steel bar shown in the figure is subjected to a completely reversed axial load fluctuating between 28 kN in compression to 28 kN in tension. Estimate the fatigue factor of...

The cylinder of weight W is supported by three chains as shown. Determine the force in each chain for equilibrium. Given: W = 800 lb r = 1 ft d = 1 ft 135 135 90

The rate at which a substance passes through a semi permeable membrane is determined by the diffusivity D(cm 2 /s) of the gas. D varies with the membrane temperature T(K) according to the Arrhenius...

Design a clamper to perform the function indicated in Fig. 2.180. Silicon diodes 10 V 2.7 V vV Design -10 V

A gas stream containing n-hexane in nitrogen with a relative saturation of 90% is fed to a condenser at 75C and 3.0 atm absolute. The product gas emerges at 0C and 3.0 atm at a rate of 746.7m3/h....

Determine the magnitude of force F so that the resultant FR of the three forces is as small as possible. What is the minimum magnitude of FR? Units Used: kN = 1000 N Given: F1 = 5 kN F2 = 4 kN...

You have been assigned to collect thermodynamic data for a new liquid product your company is about to begin manufacturing and you decide to use a continuous-flow technique to generate a correlation...

Below are shown three different crystallographic planes for a unit cell of some hypothetical metal. The circles represent atoms: (a) To what crystal system does the unit cell belong? (b) What would...

Make a plot of bonding energy versus melting temperature for the metals listed in Table 2.3. Using this plot, approximate the bonding energy for copper which has a melting temperature of 1084?C....

Figure shows the first four peaks of the x-ray diffraction pattern for copper, which has an FCC crystal structure; monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm was used. (a) Index...

Consider a low-speed open-circuit subsonic wind tunnel with an inlet-to-throat area ratio of 12. The tunnel is turned on, and the pressure difference between the inlet (the settling chamber) and the...

A ductile hot-rolled steel bar has a minimum yield strength in tension and compression of 50 kpsi. Using the distortion-energy and maximum-shear-stress theories determine the factors of safety for...

The plate is suspended using the three cables which exert the forces shown. Express each force as a Cartesian vector. Given: FBA = 350 lb FCA = 500 lb FDA = 400 lb a = 3 ft b = 3 ft c = 6 ft d = 14...

Draw the free-body diagram of the crane boom AB which has a weight of 650 lb and center of gravity at G. The boom is supported by a pin at A and cable BC. The load of 1250 lb is suspended from a...

Passage of an electric current through a long conducting rod of radius r j and thermal conductivity k results r i uniform volumetric heating at a rate of q. The conducting rod is wrapped in an...

Forty-five kilograms of a solution containing 30 wt% ethylene glycol in water is to be extracted with furfural. Using Figures 4.14a and 4.14c, calculate:(a) The minimum quantity of solvent.(b) The...

The cantilevered bar in the figure is made from a ductile material and is statically loaded with Fy = 250 lbf and Fx = Fz = 0. Analyze the stress situation in the small diameter at the shoulder at A...

Consider a velocity field where the radial and tangential components of velocity are Vr = 0 and V = cr, respectively, where c is a constant. Obtain the equations of the streamlines.

The platform assembly has weight W1 and center of gravity at G1. If it is intended to support a maximum load W2 placed at point G2, determine the smallest counterweight W that should be placed at B...

In a device to produce potable water, humid air at 90F, 29.7 in Hg, and 95% relative humidity is cooled to 40F at constant pressure. What volumetric flow rate of air into the cooler (ft3/min) is...

A hair dryer may be idealized as a circular duct through which a small fan draws ambient air and within which the air is heated as it flows over a coiled electric resistance wire. Surroundings, Tur...

The boat is to be pulled onto the shore using two ropes. If the resultant force is to be F1, directed along the keel aa as shown, determine the magnitudes of forces T and P acting in each rope and...

The flowerpot of mass M is suspended from three wires and supported by the hooks at B and C. Determine the tension in AB and AC for equilibrium. Given: M = 20 kg l1 = 3.5 m l2 = 2 m l3 = 4 m l4 = 0.5...

An important parameter in the design of gas absorbers is the ratio of the flow rate of the feed liquid to that of the feed gas. The lower the value of this ratio, the lower the cost of the solvent...

The towline exerts a force of P = 4 kN at the end of the 20-m-long crane boom. If x = 25 m, determine the position ? of the boom so that this force creates a maximum moment about point O. What is...

An Equimolar liquid mixture of n-pentane and n-hexane at 80?C and 5.00 atm is fed into a flash evaporator at a rate of 100.0mol/s. When the feed is exposed to the reduced pressure in the evaporators...

The boom is intended to support two vertical loads F1 and F2. If the cable CB can sustain a maximum load Tmax before it fails, determine the critical loads if F1 = 2F2. Also, what is the magnitude of...

An air duct heater consists of an aligned array of electrical heating elements in which the longitudinal and transverse pitches are SL = ST = 24 mm. There are 3 rows of elements in the flow direction...

Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 20 kW of shaft power. The free surface of the upper reservoir is 45 m higher than that of the lower reservoir. If...

The shaft is supported by three smooth journal bearings at A, B, and C. Determine the components of reaction at thesebearings. 900 N 600 N 450 N 0,6 m 0.9 m B. 0,9 m 0.9 m 500 N 0.9 m

An apparatus for measuring thermal conductivity employs an electrical heater sandwiched between two identical samples of diameter 30 mm and length 60 mm, which are pressed between plates maintained...

The piston C moves vertically between the two smooth walls. If the spring has stiffness k and is unstretched when = 0, determine the couple M that must be applied to AB to hold the mechanism in...

The cutting tool on the lathe exerts a force F on the shaft in the direction shown. Determine the moment of this force about the y axis of the shaft. Units Used: kN = 103 N Given: F = (6 -4 -7)kN a =...

An equimolar liquid mixture of benzene and toluene is separated into two product streams by distillation. A process flowchart and a somewhat oversimplified description of what happens in the process...

A pitched flat roof truss is loaded as shown. Determine the force in members CE, DE, and DF. 2 kips 4 kipa 4 kips 4 kips 2 kips 1.5 ft B. 7.5 ft 7 ft 7 ft

Consider the isentropic flow over an airfoil. The free stream conditions correspond to a standard altitude of 10,000 ft and M = 0.82. At a given point on the airfoil, M = 1.0. Calculate p and T at...

Rod AB can slide freely along the floor and the inclined plane. At the instant shown, the velocity of end A is 4.2 ft/s to the left. Determine (a) The angular velocity of the rod, (b) The velocity of...

For fully developed laminar flow through a parallel-plate channel, the x-momentum equation has the form (d 2 u/dy 2 ) = dp/dx = constant. The purpose of this problem is to develop expressions for the...

Perform the following pressure conversions, assuming when necessary that atmospheric pressure is 1atm unless otherwise stated, the given pressures are absolute. (a) 2600mm Hg to psi (b) 275 ft H 2 O...

A 0.2-m-thick plane wall is constructed of concrete. At steady state, the energy transfer rate by conduction through a 1-m2 area of the wall is 0.15kW. If the temperature distribution is linear...

Write and simplify the closed-system energy balance (Equation 7.3-4) for each of the following processes, and state whether nonzero heat and work terms are positive or negative. Begin by defining the...

Consider an NAC A 2412 airfoil (the meaning of the number designations for standard NACA airfoil shapes is discussed in Chap. 4). The following is a tabulation of the lift, drag, and moment...

The shear leg derrick is used to haul the 200-kg net of fish onto the dock. Determine the compressive force along each of the legs AB and CB and the tension in the winch cable DB. Assume the force in...

A housing development is served by a water tower with the water level maintained between 20 and 30 meters above the ground, depending on demand and water availability. Responding to a residents...

Consider a Lear jet flying at a velocity of 250 m/s at an altitude of 10 km, where the density and temperature are 0.414 kg/m 3 and 223 K, respectively. Consider also a one-fifth scale model of the...

Consider a venturi with a throat-to-inlet area ratio of 0.8, mounted on the side of an airplane fuselage. The airplane is in flight at standard sea level. If the static pressure at the throat is 2100...

The cantilevered bar in the figure is made from a ductile material and is statically loaded with Fy = 200 lbf and Fx = Fz = 0. Analyze the stress situation in rod AB by obtaining the following...

The tower is held in place by three cables. If the force of each cable acting on the tower is shown, determine the magnitude and coordinate direction angles α, β, γ of the resultant...

Radial flow between parallel disks (Fig. 3B.10). A part of a lubrication system consists of two circular disks between which a lubricant flows radially. The flow takes place because of a modified...

Potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) is to be recovered from a 21 wt% aqueous solution in a continuous crystallization operation. The solution is joined by a recycle stream and fed to a vacuum...

A biomechanical model of the lumbar region of the human trunk is shown. The forces acting in the four muscle groups consist of FR for the rectus, FO for the oblique, FL for the lumbar latissimus...

The circular door has a weight of 55 lb and a center of gravity at G. Determine the x, y, z components of reaction at the hinge A and the force acting along strut CB needed to hold the door in...

A liquid containing 60 mol% toluene and 40 mol% benzene is continuously distilled in a single-equilibrium-stage unit at atmospheric pressure. What percent of benzene in the feed leaves in the vapor...

A 0.4126-g sample of primary-standard Na2CO3 was treated with 40.00 mL of dilute perchloric acid. The solution was boiled to remove CO2, following which the excess HClO4 was back-titrated with 9.20...

A rectangular block of solid carbon (graphite) floats at the interface of two immiscible liquids. The bottom liquid is a relatively heavy lubricating oil, and the top liquid is water. Of the total...