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essentials organizational behavior

Questions and Answers of Essentials Organizational Behavior

What makes a culture strong, and is it always good for an organization to have a strong culture?LO1.
How do organizations maintain their culture and how do they change it?LO1.
What is person–organization fit and how does it affect job performance and organizational commitment?LO1.
What steps can organizations take to make sure that newcomers will fit with their culture?LO1.
Organizational culture is the shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the rules, norms, and values that shape the attitudes and behaviors of its employees. There are three components
An organization’s culture can be described on dimensions such as solidarity and sociability to create four general culture types: networked, communal, fragmented, and mercenary. Organizations often
Strong cultures have the ability to influence employee behaviors and attitudes. Strong cultures exist when employees agree on the way things are supposed to happen and their behaviors are consistent
Organizations maintain their cultures through attraction, selection, and attrition processes and socialization practices. Organizations change their cultures by changing their leadership or through
Person–organization fit is the degree to which a person’s values and personality match the culture of the organization. Person–organization fit has a weak positive effect on job performance and
There are a number of practices organizations can utilize to improve the socialization of new employees, including realistic job previews, orientation programs, and mentoring.LO1.
Is it possible for a company the size of Yahoo to change its culture dramatically without the push of a forceful leader? If yes, how could that happen?LO1.
What are the dangers for Yahoo in having Marissa Mayer trying to duplicate much of the culture at Google?LO1.
Do employees have to be present to have a strong culture? As a tech company, what are the advantages and disadvantages of Yahoo’s no-telecommuting policy?LO1.
Is it possible to be a great leader of employees in a highly mechanistic organization?What special talents or abilities might be required?LO1.
What is leadership and what does it mean for a leader to be “effective”?LO1.
What traits and characteristics are related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness?LO1.
What four styles can leaders use to make decisions, and what factors combine to make these styles more effective in a given situation?LO1.
What two dimensions capture most of the day-to-day leadership behaviors in which leaders engage?LO1.
How does transformational leadership differ from transactional leadership, and which behaviors set it apart?LO1.
How does leadership affect job performance and organizational commitment?LO1.
Can leaders be trained to be more effective?LO1.
Leadership is defined as the use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement. An “effective leader” improves the performance and well-being of his or her
Leader emergence has been linked to a number of traits, including conscientiousness, disagreeableness, openness, extraversion, general cognitive ability, energy level, stress tolerance, and
Leaders can use a number of styles to make decisions. Beginning with high leader control and moving to high follower control, they include autocratic, consultative, facilitative, and delegative
Most of the day-to-day leadership behaviors that leaders engage in are examples of either initiating structure or consideration. Initiating structure behaviors include initiation, organization, and
Transactional leadership emphasizes “carrot-and-stick” approaches to motivating employees, whereas transformational leadership fundamentally changes the way employees view their work. More
Transformational leadership has a moderate positive relationship with job performance and a strong positive relationship with organizational commitment. It has stronger effects on these outcomes than
Leaders can be trained to be effective. In fact, such training can be used to increase transformational leadership behaviors, despite the fact that charisma is somewhat dependent on personality and
Before reading this chapter, which statement did you feel was more accurate: “Leaders are born” or “Leaders are made”? How do you feel now, and why do you feel that way?LO1.
Can you think of any potential “dark sides” to transformational leadership? What would they be?LO1.
Is there a danger to having such a strong, charismatic leader as the head of a company?If Chobani went public, would you have reservations investing in its stock as a result of that?LO1.
As the company changes through growth, is it possible that the founder’s leadership style might not be the appropriate style for the future? How would you tell?LO1.
Share the thoughts you’ve jotted down in your groups, going from member to member, with each person describing what “leadership” means for the given types of leaders.(Appendix)
Once all these thoughts about the various types of leaders have been shared, think about whether there are certain traits, styles, or behaviors that are universal across all the types.For example,
Now consider the situational challenges faced by the types of leaders you discussed, including challenges rooted in the task, their followers, or the surrounding work context.For example, the fact
Elect a group member to write the group’s four universals and four challenges on the board.(Appendix)
Class discussion (whether in groups or as a class) should center on whether the theories described in the chapter discuss some of the leadership universals identified by the groups.Are there theories
What is an organization’s structure, and what does it consist of?LO1.
What are the major elements of an organizational structure?LO1.
What is organizational design, and what factors does the organizational design process depend on?LO1.
What are some of the more common organizational forms that an organization might adopt for its structure?LO1.
When an organization makes changes to its structure, how does that restructuring affect job performance and organizational commitment?LO1.
What steps can organizations take to reduce the negative effects of restructuring efforts?LO1.
An organization’s structure formally dictates how jobs and tasks are divided and coordinated between individuals and groups within the organization. This structure, partially illustrated through
There are five major elements to an organization’s structure: work specialization, chain of command, span of control, centralization of decision making, and formalization. These elements can be
Organizational design is the process of creating, selecting, or changing the structure of an organization. Factors to be considered in organizational design include a company’s business
There are literally thousands of organizational forms. The most common is the simple structure, which is used by most small companies. Larger companies adopt a more bureaucratic structure.This
Organizational restructuring efforts have a weak negative effect on job performance. They have a more significant negative effect on organizational commitment, because employees tend to feel less
To reduce the negative effects of restructuring, organizations should focus on managing the stress levels of the employees who remain after the restructuring. Providing employees with a sense of
What are taskwork processes, and what are some examples of team activities that fall into this process category?LO1.
What are teamwork processes, and what are some examples of team activities that fall into this process category?LO1.
What factors influence the communication process in teams?LO1.
What are team states, and what are some examples of the states that fall into this process category?LO1.
How do team processes affect team performance and team commitment?LO1.
What steps can organizations take to improve team processes?LO1.
Taskwork processes are the activities of team members that relate directly to the accomplishment of team tasks. Taskwork processes include creative behavior, decision making, and boundary
Teamwork processes refer to the interpersonal activities that facilitate the accomplishment of the team’s work but do not directly involve task accomplishment itself. Teamwork processes include
Communication is a process through which much of the work in a team is accomplished.Effectiveness in communication can be influenced by the communication competence of the sender and receiver, noise,
Team states refer to specific types of feelings and thoughts that coalesce in the minds of team members as a consequence of their experience working together. Team states include cohesion, potency,
Teamwork processes have a moderate positive relationship with team performance and a strong positive relationship with team commitment.LO1.
Organizations can use training interventions to improve team processes. Such interventions may include training in transportable teamwork competencies, cross-training, team process training, and team
Before reading this chapter, how did you define teamwork? How did this definition correspond to the definition outlined in this book?LO1.
Which team processes do you believe are most important to the crew of astronauts traveling to Mars? Why? Are there specific team processes you feel are relatively unimportant?Explain.(Appendix)
Describe additional types of information that could be collected by the psychologists to help crews better understand their interactions and how they influence crew effectiveness.(Appendix)
Discuss how team training could be used to build effective processes for the crew traveling to Mars.(Appendix)
Working individually, consider how important each of the items in the table would be to you in this situation. Begin with the most important item, giving it a rank of “1,” and wind up with the
In your groups, come to a consensus about the ranking of the items. Put those consensus rankings in Column C. Group members should not merely vote or average rankings together. Instead, try to get
The instructor will create a table similar to the one that follows in an Excel file in the classroom or on the board. All groups should provide the instructor with their Average Member Score (the
Class discussion (whether in groups or as a class) should center on the following questions:Did most groups tend to achieve process gain in terms of group scores that were better than the average
What is leadership, and what role does power play in leadership?LO1.
What are the different types of power that leaders possess, and when can they use those types most effectively?LO1.
What behaviors do leaders exhibit when trying to influence others, and which of these is most effective?LO1.
What is organizational politics, and when is political behavior most likely to occur?LO1.
How do leaders use their power and influence to resolve conflicts in the workplace?LO1.
What are the ways in which leaders negotiate in the workplace?LO1.
How do power and influence affect job performance and organizational commitment?LO1.
Leadership is the use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement. Power is the ability to influence the behavior of others and resist unwanted influence in
Leaders have five major types of power. There are three organizational forms of power:Legitimate power is based on authority or position, reward power is based on the distribution of resources or
Leaders can use at least 10 different influence tactics to achieve their objectives.The most effective are rational persuasion, consultation, inspirational appeals, and collaboration. The least
Organizational politics are individual actions that are directed toward the goal of furthering a person’s own self-interests. Political behavior is most likely to occur in organizational situations
Leaders use power and influence to resolve conflicts through five conflict resolution styles: avoidance, competing, accommodating, collaborating, and compromising. The most effective, and most
Leaders use both distributive and integrative bargaining strategies to negotiate outcomes.The process of negotiating effectively includes four steps: preparation, exchanging information, bargaining,
Power and influence have moderate positive relationships with job performance and organizational commitment. However, for these beneficial effects to be realized, leaders must wield their power
Which forms of power do you consider to be the strongest? Which types of power do you currently have? How could you go about obtaining higher levels of the forms that you’re lacking?LO1.
Who is the most influential leader you have come in contact with personally? What forms of power did they have, and which types of influence did they use to accomplish objectives?LO1.
What would it take to have a “politically free” environment? Is that possible?LO1.
Think about the last serious conflict you had with a coworker or group member. How was that conflict resolved? Which approach did you take to resolve it?LO1.
Think of a situation in which you negotiated an agreement. Which approach did you take?Was it the appropriate one? How might the negotiation process have gone more smoothly?LO1.
What are the issues that arise when two people try to “share” leadership? What is likely to contribute to the success or failure of such a partnership?(Appendix)
What types of influence tactics are likely to be most important to a CEO during a time of transition such as when Burns took over the company? Do those differ from what is necessary during a
Do you think women naturally use different forms of power or influence tactics? Does Burns show this?(Appendix)
What are the five general team types and their defining characteristics?LO1.
What are the three general types of team interdependence?LO1.
What factors are involved in team composition?LO1.
What are the types of team diversity and how do they influence team functioning?LO1.
How do team characteristics influence team effectiveness?LO1.
How can team compensation be used to manage team effectiveness?LO1.
There are several different types of teams—work teams, management teams, action teams, project teams, and parallel teams—but many teams in organizations have characteristics that fit in multiple
Teams can be interdependent in terms of the team task, goals, and outcomes. Each type of interdependence has important implications for team functioning and effectiveness.LO1.
Team composition refers to the characteristics of the members who work in the team.These characteristics include roles, ability, personality, and member diversity, as well as the number of team

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