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understanding business ethics

Questions and Answers of Understanding Business Ethics

3. Why would a device that provides real-time feedback on energy use (and cost) be a more eff ective conditioning tool than the electric bill that customers ordinarily get each month?
2. For users of the Snapshot device, what is the reinforcement?
1. Does the Snapshot device make use of classical conditioning or operant conditioning principles? What are your reasons for your answer?
2. From the perspective of a social worker: What advice would you give to families about children’s exposure to violent media and video games?
LO 17-1 What is the role of cognition and thought in learning?
2. From the perspective of an educator: How would you use your knowledge of operant conditioning in the classroom to set up a program to increase the likelihood that children will complete their
1. Using the scientifi c literature as a guide, what would you tell parents who wish to know if the routine use of physical punishment is a necessary and acceptable form of child rearing?
5. Match the type of reinforcement schedule with its defi nition.1. Reinforcement occursa. fi xed-ratio after a set time period.b. variable-interval 2. Reinforcement occursc. fi xed-interval after a
2. Match the type of operant learning with its defi nition:1. An unpleasant stimulus a . positive reinforcement is presented to decrease b . negative reinforcement behavior. c . positive punishment
• Why is it important for employees to feel a sense of personal control over the safety of their workplace? “This workplace has gone 279 days without an accident.”Signs such as this displayed
• Why do you think it’s important to use checklists that identify positive safety behaviors as well as risky behaviors? “This workplace has gone 279 days without an accident.”Signs such as
LO 16-2 What are some practical methods for bringing about behavior change, both in ourselves and in others?
LO 16-1 What is the role of reward and punishment in learning?
2. From the perspective of an advertising executive: How might knowledge of classical conditioning be useful in creating an advertising campaign? What, if any, ethical issues arise from this use?
1. How likely is it that Little Albert, Watson’s experimental subject, might has gone through life afraid of Santa Claus?Describe what could have happened to prevent his continual dread of Santa.
2. is the name of the scientist responsible for discovering the learning phenomenon known as conditioning, whereby an organism learns a response to a stimulus to which it normally would not
LO 152 How do we learn to form associations between stimuli and responses?
LO 151 What is learning?
4. If meditation is simple to do and produces psychological benefi ts, why do you think more people aren’t doing it? How would you explain the benefi ts of meditation to a friend? Our examination
3. In what ways are meditation and hypnosis similar? In what ways are they diff erent? Our examination of states of consciousness has ranged widely. It focuses both on natural factors such as sleep,
2. Why do you think Lynn Blakes was able to prevent a recurrence of depression by meditating regularly? Our examination of states of consciousness has ranged widely. It focuses both on natural
1. Lynn Blakes used meditation to treat her depression in place of antidepressant drugs.Why might both approaches produce similar results? Our examination of states of consciousness has ranged
2. From the perspective of a substance abuse counselor: How would you explain why people start using drugs to the family members of someone who was addicted? What types of drug prevention programs
1. Why have drug education campaigns largely been ineffective in stemming the use of illegal drugs? Should the use of certain now-illegal drugs be made legal? Would it be more effective to stress
3. Classify each drug listed as a stimulant (S), depressant (D), hallucinogen (H), or narcotic (N).1. nicotine 2. cocaine 3. alcohol 4. morphine 5. marijuana
2. Match the type of drug to an example of that type.1. narcotic—a pain reliever 2. amphetamine—a strong stimulant 3. hallucinogen—capable of producing hallucinationsa. LSDb. heroinc.
What are the major classifi cations of drugs, and what are their eff ects?
2. From the perspective of a human resources specialist : Would you allow (or even encourage) employees to engage in meditation during the workday? Why or why not?
LO 13-2 What are the eff ects of meditation?
LO 13-1 What is hypnosis, and are hypnotized people in a diff erent state of consciousness?
2. From the perspective of an educator: How might you use the fi ndings in sleep research to maximize student learning?
6. Match the theory of dreaming with its defi nition.1. activation-synthesis theory 2. dreams-for-survival theory 3. dreams as wish fulfi llmenta. Dreams permit important information to be
4. are internal bodily processes that occur on a daily cycle.
3. Dreams most often occur in sleep.
• Do you think that people who make academia their career—people such as your professors—would be more or less likely than others to have the exam dream?Why do you think so? It’s the last day
• Would people who don’t particularly value academic performance be likely to have the exam dream? Why or why not? It’s the last day of fi nal exams. You’re packing up your dorm room and
Why Do We Sleep, and How Much Sleep Is Necessary?
LO 124 How much do we daydream?
LO 123 What are the major sleep disorders, and how can they be treated?
LO 122 What happens when we sleep, and what are the meaning and function of dreams?
LO 121 What are the diff erent states of consciousness?
4. How is blindsight similar to subliminal perception? We have noted the important distinction between sensation and perception, and we have examined the processes that underlie both of them. We’ve
3. Would the phenomenon of blindsight count as an example of extrasensory perception? Why or why not? We have noted the important distinction between sensation and perception, and we have examined
2. Do you think that even sighted people benefi t from the visual pathways that give blindsighted people the ability to respond to visual information? Have you ever, for example, reacted to something
1. Would you say that TN’s blindness is caused more by a problem with sensation or a problem with perception? Why do you think so? We have noted the important distinction between sensation and
2. From the perspective of a corporate executive: What arguments might you make if a member of your staff proposed a subliminal advertising campaign? Do you think your explanation would be enough to
• Why do you think some people have a better internal sense of direction than others do? Do you have a good sense of direction?When you get lost in an unfamiliar part of town, are you able to
What are some of the benefi ts of having an internal sense of direction? Do you have a good sense of direction?When you get lost in an unfamiliar part of town, are you able to navigate your way back
LO 11-3 What clues do visual illusions give us about our understanding of general perceptual mechanisms?
LO 11-2 How are we able to perceive the world in three dimensions when our retinas are capable of sensing only two-dimensional images?
LO 11-1 What principles underlie our organization of the visual world and allow us to make sense of our environment?
2. From the perspective of a social worker: How would you handle the case of a deaf child whose hearing could be restored with a cochlear implant—but different family members have confl icting
3. The three middle ear bones transmit their sound to the .
LO 10-3 What are the skin senses, and how do they relate to the experience of pain?
LO 10-2 How do smell and taste function?
LO 10-1 What role does the ear play in the senses of sound, motion, and balance?
2. From the perspective of an advertising specialist: How might you market your products similarly or differently to those who are color-blind versus those who have normal color vision?
6. Match each type of visual receptor with its function.a. rods 1. used for dim light, largelyb. cones insensitive to color 2. detect color, good in bright light
LO 9-2 How do we see colors?
LO 9-1 What basic processes underlie the sense of vision?
2. From the perspective of a manufacturer: How might you need to take psychophysics into account when developing new products or modifying existing ones?
1. Do you think it is possible to have sensation without perception? Is it possible to have perception without sensation?
LO 82 What is the relationship between a physical stimulus and the kinds of sensory responses that result from it?
LO 81 What is sensation, and how do psychologists study it?
3. From the perspective of an educator: How might you use different techniques to teach reading to boys and girls based on the brain evidence?
2. Could personal differences in people’s specialization of right and left hemispheres be related to occupational success? For example, might an architect who relies on spatial skills have a
1. Before sophisticated brain-scanning techniques were developed, behavioral neuroscientists’ understanding of the brain was based largely on the brains of people who had died. What limitations
5. Nonverbal realms, such as emotions and music, are controlled primarily by the hemisphere of the brain, whereas the hemisphere is more responsible for speaking and reading.
4. Each hemisphere controls the side of the body.
3. A surgeon places an electrode on a portion of your brain and stimulates it. Immediately, your right wrist involuntarily twitches. The doctor has most likely stimulated a portion of the area of
LO 7-4 How can an understanding of the nervous system help us fi nd ways to alleviate disease and pain?
LO 7-3 How do the two halves of the brain operate interdependently?
LO 7-2 What are the major parts of the brain, and for what behaviors is each part responsible?
LO 7-1 How do researchers identify the major parts and functions of the brain?
2. From a journalist’s perspective: Choose a current major political controversy. What psychological approaches or perspectives can be applied to that issue?
• What are the psychological issues involved in these problems, and how might psychologists help fi nd solutions to them?
• What do you think are the major problems affecting society today?
2. From an educator’s perspective: Suppose you are a teacher who has a 7-year-old child in your class who is having unusual diffi culty learning to read. Imagine that you could consult as many
Match each subfi eld of psychology with the issues or questions posed below. a. behavioral neuroscience b. experimental psychology c. cognitive psychology d. developmental psychology e. personality
LO 2-4 What is the future of psychology likely to hold?
LO 2-3 What are psychology’s key issues and controversies?
LO 2-2 What are the major approaches in contemporary psychology?
LO 2-1 What are the origins of psychology?
LO 13 Where do psychologists work?
LO 12 What are the major specialties in the fi eld of psychology?
LO 11 What is the science of psychology?
4. What might be some ways in which both nature and nurture could have contributed to the killer’s behavior ?
3. What aspects of the shooting would most interest a clinical psychologist? A social psychologist? A forensic psychologist?
2. How would a psychologist using the psychodynamic perspective explain the killer’s behavior diff erently from a psychologist using the cognitive perspective?
1. If they were using the neuroscience perspective, how might psychologists explain people’s fear responses to the shooter?
2. From a research analyst’s perspective : You are hired to study people’s attitudes toward welfare programs by developing and circulating a questionnaire via the Internet. Is this study likely
1. A researcher strongly believes that college professors tend to show female students less attention and respect in the classroom than they show male students. He sets up an experimental study
5. A study has shown that men differ from women in their preference for ice cream fl avors. This study was based on a sample of two men and three women. What might be wrong with this study?
4. A false treatment, such as a pill that has no signifi cant chemical properties or active ingredient, is known as a .
3. Deception is one means experimenters can use to try to eliminate participants’ expectations. True or false?
2. List three benefi ts of using animals in psychological research.
1. Ethical research begins with the concept of informed consent. Before signing up to participate in an experiment, participants should be informed of:a. the procedure of the study, stated
LO 4-1 What major issues confront psychologists conducting research?
Why would you want to build AI features on Salesforce? p-968
What are the components of the Salesforce Einstein Platform?? p-968

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