The caustic concentration of the mixing tank shown in figure is measured using a conductivity cell. The total volume of solution in the tank is constant at 7 ft3 and the density (? = 70 lb/ft3) can...
A counter flowing heat exchanger is used to cool air at 540 K, 400 kPa to 360 K by using a 0.05 kg/s supply of water at 20C, 200 kPa. The air flow is 0.5 kg/s in a 10-cm diameter pipe. Find...
Force on a water tower in a gale, a water tower has a spherical storage tank 40 ft in diameter. In a 100-mph gale what is the force of the wind on the spherical tank at 0C? Take the density of air to...
Ascorbic acid (0.010 0 M) was added to 10.0 mL of 0.020 0 M Fe 3+ in a solution buffered to pH 0.30, and the potential was monitored with Pt and saturated Ag | AgCl electrodes. Dehydroascorbic acid +...
An insulated rigid tank is initially evacuated. A valve is opened, and atmospheric air at 95 kPa and 17C enters the tank until the pressure in the tank reaches 95 kPa, at which point the valve is...
Carbon steel balls (r = 7833 kg/m3 and cp = 0.465 kJ/kg ¢ °C) 8 mm in diameter are annealed by heating them first to 900°C in a furnace and then allowing them to cool slowly to 100°C...
Unsteady annular flows? (a) Obtain a solution to the Navier-Stokes equation for the start-up of axial annular flow by a sudden impressed pressure gradient. Check your result against the published...
Two-bulb experiment for measuring gas diffusivitiesmanalytical solution (Fig. 18B.6) this experiment, described in Problem 18B.6, is analyzed there by a quasi-steady-state method. The method of...
Repeat Prob. 7.9, considering a point on the airfoil surface where the pressure is 0.3 atm.
A garden hose is used as the return line in a waterfall display at the mall. In order to select the proper pump, you need to know the hose wall roughness, which is not supplied by the manufacturer....
Figure P10.113 shows a channel contraction section often called a venturi flume [from Ref. 23 of Chap. 10], because measurements of y1 and y2 can be used to meter the flow rate. Show that if losses...
A -Y-connected bank of three identical 100-kVA, 2400-V: 120-V, 60-Hz transformers is supplied with power through a feeder whose impedance is 0.065 + j0.87 per phase. The voltage at the sending end...
A system is composed of four processes, { P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 }, and three types of serially reusable resources, { R 1 , R 2 , R 3 }. The number of units of the resources are C = <3, 2, 2>. a....
(a) Verify that Equation 16.11, the expression for the fiber load???matrix load ratio (Ff/Fm), is valid. (b) What is the Ff/Fc ratio in terms of Ef, Em, andVf? E,V, F EV F, (16.11)
Wet lumber of the type in figure is slowly dried from an initial total moisture content of 50 wt% to a moisture content in equilibrium with atmospheric air at 25?C and 40% relative humidity....
Consider the cascade control system in Fig. E. (a) Specify K c2 so that the gain margin ?1.7 and phase margin ?30 ? for the slave loop. (b) Then specify and K c1 and ? I? for the master loop using...
An airfoil at an angle of attack α, as in Fig P3.150, provides lift by a Bernoulli effect, because the lower surface slows the flow (high pressure) and the upper surface speeds up the flow (low...
Which process requires more energy: completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid water at 1 atm pressure or completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid water at 8 atm pressure?
A proposal is made to use a geothermal supply of hot water to operate a steam turbine, as shown in Fig. P6.46. The high-pressure water at 1.5 MPa, 180C, is throttled into a flash evaporator...
A cylinder/piston contains saturated vapor R-22 at 10C; the volume is 10 L. The R-22 is compressed to 2 MPa, 60C in a reversible (internally) polytropic process. If all the heat...
A printed circuit board (PCB) is cooled by laminar, fully developed air flow in adjoining, parallel-plate channels of length L and separation distance a. The channels may be assumed to be of infinite...
A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bit binary encoder. The hit rate of the system is equal to 50 x 106b/s (a) What is the maximum message bandwidth for which the system operates...
An 8-molar hydrochloric acid solution [SG = 1.12, Cp = 2.76 J/ (gC)] is produced by absorbing hydrogen chloride [HC1 (g)] in water. Liquid water enters the absorber at 25C and gaseous HCJ is fed at...
Is it possible to produce an iron-carbon alloy of eutectoid composition that has a minimum hardness of 90 HRB and a minimum ductility of 35%RA? If so, describe the continuous cooling heat treatment...
Assuming Raoult's law to apply to the system n-pentane (1) In-hcptand(2), (a) What arc the values of x1 and y1 at t = 55C und P = 1/2 (P1sat + P2sat)? For these conditions plot the fraction of system...
Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at a rate of 0.5 kg/s and leaves at 600 kPa and 450 K. Neglecting kinetic energy changes, determine (a) The volume flow rate of the...
The wedge is used to level the floor of a building. For the floor loading shown, determine the horizontal force P that must be applied to move the wedge forward. The coefficient of static friction...
Two tanks contain steam, and they are both connected to a piston/cylinder. Initially the piston is at the bottom and the mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 1.4 MPa below it will be able to...
We wish to determine the effect of adding a layer of magnesia insulation to the steam pipe of the foregoing problem. The convection coefficient at the outer surface of the insulation may be assumed...
A radiation detector has an aperture of area Ad = 10-6 m2 and is positioned at a distance of r = 1 m from a surface of area A, = 10-4 m2. The angle formed by the normal to the detector and the...
Radioactive copper-64 decays with a half-life of 12.8 days. a. What is the value of k in s-1? b. A sample contains 28.0 mg 64Cu. How many decay events will be produced in the first second? Assume...
The fermentation of corn produces a mixture of 3.3 mol% ethyl alcohol in water. If 20 mol% of this mixture is distilled at 1atm by a simple, batch distillation, calculate and plot the...
Water in a 150-L closed, rigid tank is at 100C, 90% quality. The tank is then cooled to 10C. Calculate the heat transfer during the process.
The early steam engines were driven by the atmospheric pressure acting on the piston fitted into a cylinder filled with saturated steam. A vacuum was created in the cylinder by cooling the cylinder...
A 2-kW electric resistance heater submerged in 5-kg water is turned on and kept on for 10 min. During the process, 300 kJ of heat is lost from the water. The temperature rise of water is (a) 0.4C (d)...
The ventilating fan of the bathroom of a building has a volume flow rate of 30 L/s and runs continuously. If the density of air inside is 1.20 kg/m3, determine the mass of air vented out in one day.
A 3-ft3 rigid tank initially contains refrigerant-134a at 100 psia and 100 percent quality. The tank is connected by a valve to a supply line that carries refrigerant-134a at 140 psia and 80F. The...
Using the Gibbs function data, determine the equilibrium constant KP for the reaction H2 + 1/2 O2 H2O at (a) 298 K and (b) 2000 K. Compare your results with the KP values listed in Table A28.
Determine the components of the reactions at A and E when a counterclockwise couple of magnitude120 N m is applied to the frame (a) At B, (b) At D. 100mm - 400 mm 250 m
Determine the polar moment of inertia of the area shown with respect to (a) Point O, (b) The centroid of the area. 80 60 -40-- 40-- 40 -- 40-| Dimensions in mm
A particle moves in a straight line with the velocity shown in the figure. Knowing that x = ?? 48 ft at t = 0, draw the a??t and x??t curves for 0 (a) The maximum value of the position coordinate of...
A mixture containing 35.0 mole% n-butane and the balance isobutene at 10C enters a he3t exchanger at a rate of 24.5k mol/h and a pressure high enough for the mixture to be a liquid. The exchanger has...
Water at 20°C flows steadily at 40 kg/s through the nozzle in Fig P3.13, If D1 = 18 cm and D2 = 5 cm, compute the average velocity, in m/s, at (a) section 1 and (b) section 2.
A 0.08-m3 well-insulated rigid tank contains oxygen at 220 K and 10 MPa. A paddle wheel placed in the tank is turned on, and the temperature of the oxygen rises to 250 K. Using the generalized...
The C-bracket is supported at A, B, and C by rollers. Determine the reactions at the supports. Given: a = 3 ft b = 4 ft θ1 = 30 deg θ2 = 20 deg F = 200 lb B.
In a paper mill drying process, a sheet of paper slurry (water-fiber mixture) has a linear velocity of 5 m1s as it is rolled. Radiant heaters maintain a sheet temperature of T s = 330 K, as...
Problem 5.98: For the stop bracket shown, locate the x coordinate of the center of gravity. Problem 5.99: For the stop bracket shown, locate the z coordinate of the center of gravity.
Two cables of the same gauge are attached to a transmission tower at B. Since the tower is slender, the horizontal component of the resultant of the forces exerted by the cables at B is to be zero....
Inadequacy of mean hydraulic radius for laminar flow (a) For laminar flow in an annulus with radii kR and Rr use Eqs. 6.2-17 and 18 to get an expression for the average velocity in terms of the...
A double-pipe heat exchanger with a partial bypass for the cold stream is shown in Figure. The mass flow rate of the hot stream wh, and the bypass fraction, f, can be manipulated. Heat losses can be...
A flat plate is in a solar orbit 150,000,000 km from the sun. It is always oriented normal to the rays of the sun and both sides of the plate have a finish which has a spectral absorptance of 0.95 at...
In large steam power plants, the feedwater is frequently heated in closed feedwater heaters, which are basically heat exchangers, by steam extracted from the turbine at some stage. Steam enters the...
A 300-g collar can slide on a horizontal rod which is free to rotate about a vertical shaft. The collar is initially held at A by a cord attached to the shaft and compresses a spring of constant 5...
For laminar flow over a flat plate, the local heat transfer coefficient h. is known to vary as x1/2, where x is the distance from the leading edge (x = 0) of the plate. What is the ratio of the...
A minivan traveling 90 km/h has just passed through a thunderstorm that left a film of water 0.1 mm thick on the top of the van. The top of the van can be assumed to be a flat plate 6 m long. Assume...
A vaulted roof truss is loaded as shown. Determine the force in members HJ, IJ, and GI. STAN
A 1.8-kg uniform rod is supported by a pin at O and a spring at A and is connected to a dashpot at B. Determine (a) The differential equation of motion for small oscillations, (b) The angle that the...
A Bode diagram for a process, valve, and sensor is shown in figure.(a) Determine an approximate transfer function for this system.(b) Suppose that a proportional controller is used and that a value...
Two men exert forces of F = 80 lb and P = 50 lb on the ropes. Determine the moment of each force about A. Which way will the pole rotate, clockwise or counterclockwise? 6ft 12
The frame is used to support the 50-kg cylinder. Determine the force of the pin at C on member ABC and on memberCD. 0,8 m 0.8 m- 100 mm 400 mm 1.2 m
A black sphere (2.5 cm diam) is placed in a large infrared heating oven whose walls are maintained at 370?C. The temperature of the air in the oven is 90?C and the heattransfer coefficient for...
Refrigerant-134a enters a compressor as a saturated vapor at 200 kPa at a rate of 0.03 m3/s and leaves at 700 kPa. The power input to the compressor is 10 kW. If the surroundings at 20C experience an...
The energy consumption associated with a home water heater has two components: (i) the energy that must be supplied to bring the temperature of groundwater to the heater storage temperature, as it is...
Consider a circular furnace that is 0.3 m long and 0.3 m in diameter. The two ends have diffuse, gray surfaces that are maintained at 400 and 500 K with emissivities of 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. The...
Is it possible to alloy copper with nickel to achieve a minimum tensile strength of 375MPa (54,400psi) and yet maintain an electrical conductivity of 2.5 x 106 (ohm-m)-1? If not, why? If so, what...
A reciprocating air compressor has a 5-ft-diameter flywheel 14 in wide, and it operates at 170 rev/min. An eight-pole squirrel-cage induction motor has nameplate data 50 bhp at 875 rev/min. (a)...
Consider the system of Problem 5.1 where the temperature of the plate is space wise isothermal during the transient process. (a) Obtain an expression for the temperature of the plate as a function of...
In gas adsorption a vapor is transferred from a gas mixture to the surface of a solid. (See Section 6.7) An approximate but useful way of analyzing adsorption is to treat it simply as condensation of...
If the input Ym to a P1 controller changes stepwise (Ym(s) = 2/s) and the controller output changes initially as in figure, what are the values of the controller gain and integraltimes? ple) Slope =...
A pistoncylinder device contains a mixture of 0.5 kg of H2 and 1.6 kg of N2 at 100 kPa and 300 K. Heat is now transferred to the mixture at constant pressure until the volume is doubled. Assuming...
The surface of a 50-mm-diameter, thin-walled tube is maintained at 100C. In one case air is in cross flow over the tube with a temperature of 25C and a velocity of 30 m/s. In another case air is in...
The system shown in Figure is used to cool the reactor effluent and separate the light gases from the heavier hydrocarbons. K-values for the components at 500 psia and 100?F are (a) Calculate the...
Replace the force system acting on the post by a resultant force, and specify where its line of action intersects the post AB measured from pointB. 0.5 m B. 500 N 250 N 0.2 m 30 300 N
The steel beam ABCD shown is supported at C as shown and supported at B and D by shoulder steel bolts, each having a diameter of 8 mm. The lengths of BE and DF are 50 mm and 65 mm, respectively. The...
In the helicopter shown, a vertical tail rotor is used to prevent rotation of the cab as the speed of the main blades is changed. Assuming that the tail rotor is not operating, determine the final...
Using MATLAB, plot the Bode diagram of the following transfer function: Repeat for the situation where the time-delay term is replaced by a 1/1 Padapproximation. 6(s + 1)e (4s + 1)(2s + 1) G(s)
Draw the free-body diagram of the smooth rod of mass M which rests inside the glass. Explain the significance of each force on the diagram. Given: M = 20 gm a = 75 mm b = 200 mm θ = 40 deg B.
A steel rod is bent into a semicircular ring of radius 36 in. and is supported in part by cables BD and BE which are attached to the ring at B. Knowing that the tension in cable BD is 55 lb,...
A vertical array of circuit boards of 150-mm height is to be air cooled such that the board temperature does not exceed 60C when the ambient temperature is 25C. Assuming isothermal surface...
Diffusion through a stagnant film--alternate derivation in S18.2 an expression for the evaporation rate was obtained in Eq. 18.2-14 by differentiating the concentration profile found a few lines...
A specialty chemicals facility manufactures two products A and B in barrels. Products A and B utilize thy same raw material; A uses 120 kg/bbl, while B requires 100 kg/bbl. There is an upper limit on...
When a mixture of 10.0 g of acetylene (C2H2); and 10.0 g of oxygen (O2) is ignited, the resultant combustion reaction produces CO2 and H2O. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction....
Considering just acid-base chemistry, not ion pairing and not activity coefficients, find the pH and concentrations of species in 1.00 L of solution containing 0.020 mol arginine, 0.030 mol glutamic...
The gas-turbine portion of a combined gassteam power plant has a pressure ratio of 16. Air enters the compressor at 300 K at a rate of 14 kg/s and is heated to 1500 K in the combustion chamber. The...
The uniform 10-lb rod AB is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A and leans against both the rod CD and the vertical wall. Neglecting the effects of friction, determine (a) The force which rod CD...
The ABC Evening News Report in a news segment on hypothermia research studies at the University of Minnesota claimed that heat loss from the body is 30 times faster in 10C water than in air at the...
Calculate pCo2+ at each of the following points in the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.020 26 M Co2+ by 0.03855 M EDTA at pH 6.00: (a) 12.00 mL; (b) Ve; (c) 14.00 mL.
Consider a household that uses 11,000 kWh of electricity per year and 1500 gallons of fuel oil during a heating season. The average amount of CO2 produced is 26.4 lbm/gallon of fuel oil and 1.54...
A 50-kg copper block initially at 80°C is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 120 L of water at 25°C. Determine the final equilibrium temperature and the total entropy change for...
Heated air required for a food-drying process is generated by passing ambient air at 20C through long, circular tubes (D = 50 mm, L = 5 m) housed in a steam condenser. Saturated steam at atmospheric...
Consider the concentrating photovoltaic apparatus of Problem 7.19. The apparatus is to be installed in a desert environment, so the space between the concentrating lens and top of the photovoltaic...
Ground source heat pumps operate by using a liquid rather than ambient air, as the heat source (or sink) for winter heating (or summer cooling). The liquid flows in a closed loop through plastic...
Two small surfaces, A and B, are placed inside an isothermal enclosure at a uniform temperature. The enclosure provides an irradiation of 6300 W/m2 to each of the surfaces, and surfaces A and B...
A pneumatic control valve is used to adjust the flow rate of a petroleum fraction (sp gr = 0.9) that is used as fuel in a cracking furnace. A centrifugal pump is used to supply the fuel, and an...
A channel and an angle are welded to an a 20-mm steel plate. Knowing that the centroidal y axis is located as shown, determine (a) The width a, (b) The moments of inertia with respect to the...
An NH3 H2O mixture containing 60 wt% NH3 is brought to equilibrium in a closed container at 140F. The total mass of the mixture is 250 g. Use Figure 8.5-2 to determine the masses of ammonia and of...
R-134a at 30oC, 800 kPa is throttled so it becomes cold at 10oC. What is exit P?
Determine the largest mass of cylinder A that can be supported from the drum if a force P is applied to the handle of the lever. The coefficient of static friction between the belt and the wheel is...
Determine the moments of inertia Iu , Iv and the product of inertia Iuv for the beam's cross-sectional area. Given: = 45 deg a = 8 in b = 2 in c = 2 in d = 16 in -a b'b
A sealed rigid vessel of 2 m3 contains a saturated mixture of liquid and vapor R- 134a at 10C. If it is heated to 50C, the liquid phase disappears. Find the pressure at 50C...