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business
business ethics

Questions and Answers of Business Ethics

What is the difference played by the Chinese Constitution as compared to the U.S. Constitution?Which one is easier to amend?
What is the difference between international business transactions (exporting or importing of goods, services, or intellectual property) and “doing business” in a country? What are the benefits
Review the Europa web site (official web site of the EU) at http://europa.eu. Pretend you are deciding on whether to establish an office in Italy, Hungary, or Czech Republic. Go to the web site,
Compare the United States Bill of Rights (First Ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution)(available from many online sources including:http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_
Review the issues and provisions of the proposed free trade agreement (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership or T-TIP) between the United States and the European Union. What areas does the
Corruption has been a major problem in some of the newer members of the EU and in former countries of the Soviet Union. For example, the Transparency International’s Corruption Index for 2014
Bulgaria is one of the poorer countries within the EU and does not seem to have benefited as much as other countries from its integration into the EU.Poland has proven to be a fully functioning
The Schengen Agreement was meant to erase the national borders between countries to allow the unrestricted movement of persons. Immigration from crises in Africa, Syria, and internal migration from
Why would EU lawmakers choose the directive form of law over the regulation form of law?What difference does it make to EU nationals and companies? Why would the directive form of law influence a
Match the terms on the left with the ones on the right (answer key is given on p. 254): i. Direct Effect ii. Equal Treatment Directive iii. Maastricht Treaty a Principle of Legitimate Expectation b.
How can U.S. companies identify tariffs on exports to FTA partner countries? Pick a product and use export.gov’s “FTATariff Tool” to determine the tariff, or tax at the border, that U.S. FTA
For information on trade in services, visit https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/services-investment/services.
NAFTA allows private companies to file complaints of alleged dumping of goods and to request an investigation under NAFTA investigation procedures.Review one of the following sites to see the
For more information on sanitary and phytosanitary(SPS) measures, visit: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/agrmntseries4_ sps_e.pdf.
For more information on technical barriers to trade(TBT), visit www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/wtomultilateral-affairs/wto-issues/technical-barrierstrade.
Look up the products linked to the following harmonized tariff schedule (HTS) classification numbers and answer the questions posed above in Question 5: 0902.10.10 (“flavored tea” in Chapter 9 of
Outside of the preferential tariffs rates offered under free trade agreements, there are a number of worldwide and preferential tariff rates offered to lesser-developed countries under such
Match the items on the right column with the appropriate items on the left column (answers over the page): ii i Rules of Origin Regional Goods a Host Country Laws b Government Procurement of $100,000
What are the differences between NAFTA and the common market of the European Union? See Chapter 8 on the “European Union.”
What are free trade zones, and what benefits do they provide to manufacturers or suppliers and the host country?
What are the differences between free trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties?
How does the new United States Automated Export System work? See U.S. Customs and Border Protection website at http://www.cbp.gov/.
You have completed an export contract and need to ship goods from Miami, Florida to Buenos Aires, Argentina. Determine which shipping lines are available for such a shipment and research the
Research the customs law of Japan and compare them to those of the United States. To compare the customs law of another country, see the web site for Japanese Customs at
You are an importer of outboard motorboats from South Korea. Search the harmonized tariff schedule (HTS) at https://hts.usitc.gov to determine the duty rate you will be required to pay.
Visit the web site of the United States Customs and Border Control (CBP) at http://www.cbp.gov/trade/automated/getting-started in order to learn about its electronic filing system.
Import documentation requirements and other regulations imposed by foreign governments vary from country to country. It is vital that exporters be aware of the regulations that apply to their own
William C. Dart sought to overturn a decision by the Secretary of Commerce imposing civil sanctions for violations of the Export Administration Act. The Export Act precludes judicial review of such
percent materials from countries other than Canada. The CBP imposed a tariff of 0.19 percent on aluminum ingots imported from Canada.The Court of International Trade ruled in favor of the CBP,
The CBP classified aluminum ingots that were shipped to the United States from Canada as not of Canadian origin. The ingots contained less than
Review recent WTO decisions that highlight the intersection between trade and environmental issues.See, for example, http://www.worldtradelaw.net.
Read the overview of the WTO and GATT at http://www.wto.org.
Review recent developments in the area of trade law by reviewing the following web sites: http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/international.economic.law/itl.html and http://www.ita.doc.gov (U.S.International
Ralph Nader and Lori Wallach had this to say about the World Trade Organization: “The binding provisions that define the WTO’s functions and scope do not incorporate any environmental, health,
One can argue that regional trade areas like the European Union work like “mini-GATTS.” In such systems it is inevitable that national concerns and sovereignty will conflict with the free trade
The United States had requested that a WTO Dispute Settlement Panel review an alleged Canadian violation of the intellectual property provisions of TRIPS. The United States argued in its complaint
How can one reconcile restrictive immigration policies with the notion of free trade? Why should goods, services, and capital be allowed to move freely and not persons? How do the restrictive
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) asserts that the 48 poorest nations of the world, including 33 in Africa, are failing to benefit from globalization and freer trade. In
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) related to national standards may act as disguised barriers to
How can the free trade mandate of the World Trade Organization(WTO) be reconciled with the concerns of labor, environmental, and consumer groups?What is meant by the word free in the term free trade?
Review the index of the 35 international conventions sponsored by the Hague Conference on Private International Law at http://www.hcch.net/e/conventions/index.html.
Review the model arbitration and mediation clauses published by the International Chamber of Commerce at http://www.iccwbo.org/index_ court.asp.
A U.S. seller and an English purchaser of services enter into a contract for servicing of heavy machinery at the purchaser’s factory. The service contract included an exculpatory clause that
Pursuant to a request by a foreign court, a legal alien resident of the United States is asked to testify about his activities duringWorldWar II and his immigration to the United States. Can he be
Your son has been killed in a car accident in a foreign country. You believe a U.S. agency is withholding information that may provide insight into the cause of the accident. You file a motion to
Several securities investors who were customers of a broker signed a standard agreement that included a clause requiring the arbitration of any controversies relating to their accounts. When the
Abraham Lincoln once gave this advice relating to litigation: “Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever they can. Point out to them how the nominal winner is often the real loser—in fees,
Research the status of franchising in a foreign country. A good place to start is the web site for the International Franchise Association at http://www.franchise.org. A growing number of national
Research a foreign country or countries for opportunities and restrictions on the different ways of transacting business discussed in this chapter using the U.S. Department of State’s Country
What are some of the issues that potential joint venture partners need to discuss in detail before entering into an agreement? Discuss some of the contractual clauses that can be incorporated into an
What does the phrase “piercing the corporate veil”mean? When might the corporate veil be pierced?How does this philosophy compare with that of many of the United States’ trading partners?
Select two of the following countries: China, United States, Japan, Germany. Compare and contrast corporate law in the two countries you have selected. Discuss how corporate law reflects society’s
Read the following articles and do a comparative analysis: Ronald J. Gilson and Mark J. Roe,“Lifetime Employment: Labor Peace and the Evolution of Japanese Corporate Governance,”99 Columbia Law
Review the web site of Sweatshop Watch for recent developments involving the problem of low labor standards in the international production of goods: http://www.sweatshopwatch.org.
Review the Corruption Perception Index published by Transparency International at http://www.transparency.org.
You are in charge of preparing a budget report for a project that will be presented to the board of directors.Just before the board meeting, the president of the company asks you to leave something
You have been asked to work with the publications team on a press release for a new product that you worked to develop. However, the product did not turn out as well as promised in earlier press
You are on the hiring committee for a key position at your company. Awoman interviews for the job and, although you do not ask, it comes out that she wants to start a family. Can you factor in that
You are a middle-level manager with no accounting experience, and a new company policy requires you to sign the balance sheet and tax information for your department. What do you do?a You sign it
You are an office manager, and one upper-level manager has repeatedly used the company credit card for personal expenses. How do you handle the situation?a You do nothing because the person is higher
Define and give an example of each of the following concepts:1 Ethical Relativism 2 Distributive Justice 3 Dominant Consideration 4 Ethics of Care 5 Problem of Subordinate Responsibility 6 Theory of
One of the negative by-products of the corporate ethics movement is a decrease in employee privacy.In order to ensure ethical compliance in the workplace, employers will feel pressure to monitor
In 1971, John Rawls published his masterwork, A Theory of Justice. Simply stated, he equated justice with notions of procedural fairness. Rawlsian justice judges a decision or rule on whether it was
It is currently estimated that only 13 percent of middle managers posted overseas by U.S. companies are women, even though women make up nearly half of the middle managers at these companies.What do
What are the elements of an effective ethics or environmental compliance program? How would you develop an ethics or environmental compliance program that would satisfy the dictates of the Federal
Lord Coke had this to say about bribery: “Though the bribe be small, yet the fault is great.” Do you agree that the size of the bribe is unimportant in determining legal or ethical wrongdoing?
Your company transfers you to a foreign subsidiary as an assistant manager of operations. The purpose of the assignment is to be trained by one of the company’s “top managers.” Soon after
You have obtained a U.S. government grant to help train physicians in a developing country on new techniques for fighting AIDS. While working within the developing country’s Ministry of Disease
Your company has been trying for more than a year to obtain the assets of a formally government-owned petroleum business. However, the approval process and review of the contract documents have been
What is the difference between a bribe and a facilitation fee? Does it make a difference if payments or bribes are a crime in a foreign country, but such crimes are not enforced? If such payments are
Devise a program for your company to ensure compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. What is the importance of corporate culture to any such compliance program? See Goelzer,“Designing an
How can a parent company insulate itself from liability under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for acts of its foreign subsidiaries, affiliates, and partners? See Brown, “Parent-Subsidiary
Using the template “A Step-by-Step Approach to Market Research” provided earlier in the chapter, write a market research report for a small American electronics company that produces portable
Your company manufactures a popular brand of clothing with a world-recognized trademark. You are asked to prepare a political risk report on exporting to two countries in Europe of your choosing. One
Search the web for sites of international law firms that provide assistance to companies undertaking international business transactions. Some of these sites provide interesting articles and links to
The more than 50 Trade Policy and Programs(TPP) professionals and staff, in partnership with agencies across the federal government, work to maximize the benefits of open markets for global economic
Review the web site of the World Intellectual Property Organization at http://www.wipo.org for materials that would be of assistance to someone contemplating the international licensing of
Review the online catalog of materials published by International Chamber of Commerce Publishing, SA, at http://www.iccbooks.com.
Review the web site of the International Court of Justice for information on current court cases:http://www.icj-cij.org.
Your company is contemplating exporting goods to the following countries: France, Hungary, and Nigeria. Research the following: (1) the currency of each country and the current conversion rate into
A U.S. businessperson enters into a joint venture with an Italian company in the business of manufacturing and selling agricultural and vegetable products. The joint venture agreement gives the U.S.
As Vice President for Foreign Operations of a U.S.multinational corporation you have been asked to prepare a report for the Board of Directors regarding“doing business” in Germany and
You are a manager at a U.S. company that manufactures moderately priced personal computers.The company is contemplating expanding overseas with an initial emphasis on exporting to Latin America. You
Use Tables 1.1 and 1.2 to calculate the U.S. balance of trade (Exports of Goods) – (Import of Goods) vis-à-vis our major trading partners.What is the importance of such a calculation? Is a
Besides obeying the law and paying taxes, does a business have any particular duties to the country in which it operates?
Is it possible for the rest of the world to live a consumer lifestyle on a par with the United States?Would this be a good thing? Who should decide this?
What is meant by “the race to the bottom”?
What are three arguments against the trend toward globalization? How would defenders of globalization respond to each?
Are there any conditions under which an American business could employ child labor in a developing country?
How far should the principle “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” extend in international business?
Can you identify any ethical values that legitimately can be applied cross-culturally?
To what degree, if any, are consumers responsible for the way workers are treated in manufacturing plants that produce consumer goods? Would you be less willing to buy an iPad if you learned that it
Nike once famously claimed that they are a marketing company not a manufacturer, and thus they cannot be held responsible for the actions of other companies that produce the goods that Nike sells. To
In what sense is Apple, Facebook, or Google a “U.S. company”? Should companies have special loyalty to the countries in which they are incorporated? Why, or why not?
There is an old saying, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” Do you believe that a business should conform to the business and cultural practices of the countries in which they operate, or should
Is there a difference between a reasonable woman and a reasonable man?
Should the severity of workplace harassment be determined solely from the point of view of the victim? Is this fair to the accused harasser?
How would you distinguish between gender harassment and sexual harassment?
When might discrimination in the workplace be justified? Might discrimination on the basis of gender or race ever be justified?
Distinguish among equal opportunity, affirmative action, and preferential treatment.

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