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organizational behavior and management

Questions and Answers of Organizational Behavior And Management

One method of managing stress is finding a way to reduce the hindrance stressors encountered on the job. In your group, describe the hindrance stressors that you currently are experiencing.Each
Another method of managing stress is to improve work–life balance. The accompanying figure represents how “waking hours” are divided among five types of activities: school, work, personal
A third method of managing stress is improving hardiness—a sort of mental and physical health that can act as a buffer, preventing stress from resulting in strain. The following table lists a
What is stress, and how is it related to stressors and strains?
What are the four main types of stressors?
How do individuals cope with stress?
How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Which motivational theories does Delta appear to be leveraging in its approach to motivation?
Picture being an employee of Delta during the period where the company transitioned into—and out of—bankruptcy. What motivational implications would that experience have, and how long would they
Which do you think is most motivational for Delta’s employees? Their high base pay, their generous profit sharing, or a CEO who is so accessible and communicative?
What is motivation?
What three beliefs help determine work effort, according to expectancy theory?
What two qualities make goals strong predictors of task performance, according to goal setting theory?
What does it mean to be equitably treated according to equity theory, and how do employees respond to inequity?
What is psychological empowerment, and what four beliefs determine empowerment levels?
How does motivation affect job performance and organizational commitment?
What steps can organizations take to increase employee motivation?
Initiatives like Improving Worker Well-Being could increase Levi’s costs in a number of different respects. Shouldn’t that harm the profitability of the company?
What are the potential strengths of a bottom-up approach to supplier improvement for a large company like Levi’s? Would be the advantages to a more top-down approach?
How exactly should Harvard’s School of Public Health go about studying the effects of the Improving Worker Well-Being initiative? What would an ideal study look like?
What is the definition of“organizational behavior”
What are the two primary outcomes in studies of OB?
What factors affect the two primary OB outcomes?
Why might firms that are good at OB tend to be more profitable?
What is the role of theory in the scientific method?
How are correlations interpreted?
Now build your own theory diagram about organizational behavior. In your groups, choose one of the following four topics to use as your dependent variable:• Job satisfaction: The pleasurable
What would social interaction be like without rules and roles?
Think of a group to which you belong. In what ways is your membership in this group a means to an end? In what ways is your membership in this group an end in and of itself?
What are the stages of group development outlined in this chapter? How do each of these stages contribute to the effective functioning of the group?
What can senders do to improve communication effectiveness? What can receivers do?
Imagine that the students and the instructor in a university course are unhappy with the way the course is going. What sources of power are available to the students to effect change in the
What does it mean to say that all exercises of power are examples of exchanges? When a supervisor gives an order to a subordinate in an organizational setting, what is being exchanged?
Why are coalitions such an important way for lower-level participants in organizations to mobilize their power?
What is meant by the phrase "those who govern do so at the consent of those governed"?What source of power does this describe?
What sources of power depend on the existence of an organization? What sources of power are personal? What does it mean to say that reward power and coercion are the two basic forms of power?
How do complexity, conflict, and uncertainty, as defining characteristics of organizational behavior, contribute to a group's ability to influence an individual?
Are group influences on judgment and group influences on behavior equally likely to occur at each of the different stages of group development, as discussed in Chapter 6?
Consider the decision-making process in a group project you are involved in. What are some benefits that you as an individual experienced that related directly to the group and its decision-making
When groups convene to make decisions, one of their first acts typically is to determine how a decision will be made. What type of decision rule is likely to encourage the greatest amount of
Even when it is in the best interests of a manager to involve subordinates in decision making, he or she often makes decisions autocratically.What are some reasons managers choose autocratic decision
What are the advantages and disadvantages of brainstorming?
Why might a manager choose to collect group members' suggestions and preferences using the Delphi technique rather than NGT?
Groupthink is typically viewed as a group decision-making error. In what types of groups or situations might a manager encourage groupthink?
What are some of the major advantages and disadvantages to managing by groups?
The current wisdom—based on leadership theories—is that effective leaders must be flexible. What, if any, potential problems might there be with adopting this perspective?
Although they are very different, Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership and House and Mitchell's path-goal model of leadership are both categorized as contingency models.What does the term
Based on your knowledge of leadership theory, how would you go about selecting an effective leader from a group of managers?What is an effective leader?
Why should managers be sensitive to the existence of substitutes for leadership in their organizations? How might such substitutes enhance or detract from the managers' leadership efforts?
The selection process in organizations has taken on increasing importance in the past few decades. What factors are responsible for this change?
Realistic job previews are one way organizations can convey their expectations of employee performance to potential organizational members. In what ways do realistic job previews facilitate the
One way in which organizations deal with newcomers is to try to humble them early in their tenure with the company. Why might organizations put their employees through such experiences, and why might
In recent years, fraternity hazing has increasingly become a problem on college campuses.In fact, hazing activities have resulted in a number of highly publicized deaths.What is the purpose of
What is the difference between organizational commitment and behavioral commitment?
Why are socialization activities so important in bringing employees of newly acquired firms up to speed in productivity?
Under what conditions might a firm want to maintain a weak culture?
Many organizations use an acronym that some feel is the key to successful management.The acronym, KISS, stands for "Keep it simple, Stupid." Is KISS a good rule of thumb in designing jobs?
How do enrichment approaches to job design differ from job-enlargement approaches?What are the dangers for management in moving from job enlargement to job enrichment?
What are some of the challenges or problems associated with job redesign efforts?What steps do these challenges suggest that management should take?
When would enriching the context of a job be a more effective or appropriate approach to job redesign than enriching the content of the job?
When might a group approach to job design be more appropriate than an individual approach?
Why should feedback be an important part of any job enrichment program?
Who is likely to benefit when a company institutes quality circles? Why do quality circle programs fail?
Which of the major systems for maintaining performance is likely to be most effective with professional employees? blue-collar employees?white-collar employees? Why?
What factors, besides overt and intentional discrimination, might lead to the large difference in wages between the average male and female worker?
In early 198 9 controversy arose over what was called the "mommy track" in organizations.What are the advantages and disadvantages of having two career tracks in an organization:one for women with
How might a cafeteria-style benefits plan ensure that employers do not discriminate in favor of employees with families?
Even employees who are rated highly believe that performance appraisals are arbitrary and capricious. How might the typical organization respond to this charge? How might the review process be
In evaluating an employee's poor performance, what is likely to be the manager's first impression about the cause of the poor performance? What factors might lead the manager to adjust this
How might a manager go about structuring an employee's workday to improve his or her performance?
What does it mean to say that organizations are open systems? What are the defining characteristics of open systems?
In what ways are organizations dependent on their environments? Explain what might be meant by the sentence, "Organizations are a way of turning the environment into survival."
On what dimensions of external dependence do the environments of service and manufacturing organizations differ? Does this have implications for how these two types of organizations might manage
Consider the following prayer: "Grant me the strength to change the things I can change, the patience to endure the things I cannot, and the wisdom to know the difference."Would this make a good
What does it mean to say that an organization and its environment are loosely coupled?Is loose coupling an advantage or disadvantage for an organization?
Why is the role of the boundary spanner so important? so difficult? How could an organization prepare one of its employees for this role?
What strategies does an organization have for managing its dependence on the environment?
How might mergers, takeovers, and acquisitions be seen as a way of managing environmental dependence?
How does organizational design differ from organizational structure?
If organizations face considerable task interdependence, uncertainty, and a dynamic environment, what structural mechanisms can they use to manage these factors more effectively?
In a matrix organization, how does the role of a functional manager differ from that of a project manager?
What are the costs and benefits of a machine bureaucracy? an organically structured organization?
Why is it important to foster creativity and innovation in older organizations?
Why must increased interaction among organizational units be managed?
Considering what you have learned about participative approaches to decision making, in what if any circumstances might top-down change efforts be more appropriate than organizational development
What are the differences between the steps involved in traditional change efforts and the process of organizational development?
Why would instituting a survey-guided development activity probably be a useful first step in an organizational change or development program?
Refreezing is often a forgotten and neglected phase of organizational change efforts. Does this help explain why apparently successful change efforts often do not have lasting effects?Why is
What skills are likely to be required of a manager in a turbulent industry or during turbulent times?
Why is change usually easier to manage in a behaviorally healthy organization than in an unhealthy one? Do you think change would be easy or difficult to manage in a company like Ben & Jerry's that
Are some sources of resistance to change more "rational" (that is, more justifiable)than others? When might a little inertia (or even a lot) be a good thing?
Organizational development is a vehicle for change in organizations. In many organizations, however, organizational development itself represents a change. What kind of unfreezing might be needed to
What two primary factors might cause a decline in an organization? What are some possible ways that management could respond to the decline?
What is inclusion, and how does it differ from diversity in the workplace?
What recent changes in the workforce have challenged organizations to rethink their management strategies?
Why is having a heterogeneous workforce critical to maintaining high levels of organizational creativity and innovation? What problems are likely to result when there is great variety (both males and
What management challenges do GenXers present to organizations?
Numerous popular press articles suggest that corporations are making few adjustments in response to the changes in the educational levels, ages, and racial and ethnic mixes of the workforce. What are

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