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organizational communication
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Communication
What are the diff erences between groups and teams?
How does the concept of reflected appraisal, discussed in Chapter 9, apply to this case?
If you were Dan’s friend, what might you say to alter his behaviors?
If you were Hailley’s friend, what responsibilities would you have, if any, for helping her?
View the fi lm, About a Boy (2002), directed by Paul and Chris Weitz. The story is about a surprising and unusual friendship between a selfi sh single man and a lonely boy. The central themes are
Many men as well as women are committed to ending violence against women. To learn more about men who are committed to stopping violence, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and
Visit an online dating service. Identify qualities men and women claim they have and qualities men and women are looking for in romantic partners. What similarities and differences can you identify?
C. Hendrick & S. Hendrick (Eds.). 2000. Close relationships: A sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage. You probably won’t want to read this entire book, but it’s a great resource on research about a
Consider volunteering at a domestic violence shelter or helpline. The skills you’ve developed in your communication class will enhance your effectiveness in talking with victims of intimate partner
Think about differences in the goals and rules for friendships and romantic relationships. Does comparing the two kinds of relationships give you any insight into the diffi culties that commonly
Think about the distinction between love and commitment and the role each plays in personal relationships. Describe relationships in which commitment is present but love is not. Describe
What is the cycle of intimate partner abuse?
To what extent are long-term romantic relationships equitable for women and men?
What kinds of communication help sustain long-distance romances?
How do romantic relationships typically escalate and deteriorate?
What is the typical process of friendship development?
To what extent does Kate’s communication with her children reflect normative gender expectations in Western culture?
What do Emma’s and Jeremy’s responses to Kate suggest about their acceptance of her views of them?
Identify examples of reflected appraisal in this scenario. What appraisals of her son and daughter does Kate reflect to them?
Identify examples of direct definition in this scenario. How does Kate define Emma and Jeremy?
Some societies have more rigid lines for class membership than the United States does. One of the most rigid systems is the caste system in India.To learn about how a person’s caste affects his or
The fi lm Nell dramatizes the impact of communication with others on self-concept. View the fi lm, and notice how Nell’s world changes as she begins to communicate with others.
T. Rusk and N. Rusk. (1988). Mindtraps: Change your mind, change your life. Los Angeles: Price Stern Sloan. This book offers practical advice on how to change yourself by challenging selfdefeating
If you would like to learn more about how the attachment styles discussed in this chapter affect romantic relationships, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 9.1.
If you could revise the generalized other, how would you do it? Would race–ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic class be important aspects of self in your revision?
Discuss society’s views (the generalized other)of women and men. What are current social expectations for each sex? What behaviors, appearances, and attitudes violate social prescriptions for
How can you create a supportive context for your personal growth?
What are the values and risks of self-disclosing communication?
What is the generalized other, and how does it shape personal identity?
What role does communication play in developing personal identity?
What could enhance Barton Hingham’s ability to communicate effectively with people who were raised in non-Western cultures?
How could Mei-ying be more effective without abandoning the values of her native culture?
How does Mei-ying Yung’s communication reflect her socialization in Chinese culture?
Edward Schieffelin and Robert Crittenden’s Like People in a Dream is a richly told account of fi rst contact between two cultures. In 1935 white explorers went into interior parts of New Guinea
The 2002 fi lm Windtalkers tells the story of the Navajo soldiers who developed a code that enemy intelligence couldn’t break. This was discussed in the FYI box on page 161.
Lena Williams. (2002). It’s the little things:Everyday interactions that anger, annoy, and divide the races. New York: Harvest/Harcourt.This book offers clear examples of communication
Fern Johnson. (2000). Speaking culturally:Language diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. This book provides excellent historical information about different groups in the United
As a class, discuss the tension between recognizing individuality and noting patterns common in specifi c social groups. Is it possible to recognize both that people have standpoints in social groups
Continue the exercise started on page 172 by listing common sayings or adages in your culture.Decide what each saying refl ects about the beliefs, values, and concerns of your culture.
Identify ways that you do and do not fi t generalizations for communication by members of your sex that were discussed in this chapter. What about you—race, ethnicity, sexual orientation,
How do people respond to cultural diff erences in communication?
What is ethnocentric bias?
How does communication shape cultures and social communities?
How do cultures and social communities shape communication?
Do you perceive any relationship-level meanings that aren’t being addressed in this conversation?
To what extent do you think Andy and Martha feel listened to by the other?
Identify communication that fosters a defensive interpersonal climate.
Identify examples of mind reading, and describe their impact on Martha’s and Andy’s discussion.
Clicking on WebLink 7.3 will take you to the Powerful Non-Defensive Communication site, which offers exercises to assess and improve your skill in creating supportive communication climates.
To learn how gender and other facets of identity affect communication, including listening, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 7.2.
To read Jack Gibb’s original paper on defensive and supportive communication, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 7.1.
Redford Williams, M.D., and Virginia Williams, Ph.D. (1993). Anger kills: Seventeen strategies for controlling the hostility that can harm your health. New York: HarperPerennial. This is veryreadable
Attend a meeting of a political or civic group that interests you. Take notes on climate-building communication. For instance, do people at the meeting express empathy, openness, spontaneity, and so
When do you fi nd it most diffi cult to confi rm others? Is it hard for you to be confi rming when you disagree with another person? After reading this chapter, can you distinguish disagreement from
How often do you use exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect responses to confl ict? What are the effects?
Interview a professional in the fi eld you plan to enter or return to after completing college. Ask your interviewee to describe the kind of climate that is most effective in his or her work
Consider the ethical principles refl ected in the communication behaviors discussed in this chapter. What ethical principles underlie confi rming communication and disconfi rming communication?
Think about the most effective work climate you’ve ever experienced. Describe the communication in that climate. How does the communication in that situation refl ect the skills and principles
When is it appropriate to show grace toward others?
How can we confi rm both ourselves and others?
In what ways can confl ict enrich relationships?
What kinds of communication foster defensive and supportive communication climates?
What advice would you offer Josh on listening more effectively to his father?
If you could advise Josh’s father on listening effectively, what would you tell him to do differently?
What examples of ineffective listening are evident in this dialogue?
To learn more about taking good notes to improve recall, go to the book’s online resources for this chapter and click on WebLink 6.3 to visit the web page created by the Offi ce of Academic
The fi lm Erin Brockovich dramatically illustrates the power of listening. Watch the fi lm, and pay attention to how Julia Roberts, in the role of Erin Brockovich, shows she is listening carefully to
Spend time with people you do not usually interact with. If you are engaged in a service learning project, your community partners would be a good choice. Practice using minimal encouragers and
What do you see as the ethical principles that guide different listening purposes? What different moral goals and responsibilities accompany informational and critical listening and relationship
Review the types of ineffective listening discussed in this chapter. Do any describe ways in which you attend (or don’t attend) to others? Select one type of ineffective listening in which you
How we can improve our listening skills?
How does eff ective listening diff er across listening goals?
What obstacles interfere with eff ective listening?
What’s involved in listening?
How do listening and hearing diff er?
If you were the sixth member of this team, what kinds of communication might you enact to help relieve tension in the group?
How do artifacts affect interaction between members of the team?
Identify nonverbal behaviors that express relationship-level meanings of communication. What aspects of team members’ nonverbal communication express liking or disliking, responsiveness or lack of
Identify nonverbal behaviors that regulate turn taking within the team.
Tootsie remains one of the best fi lms ever made depicting gendered nonverbal communication.View the fi lm, and notice how lead actor Dustin Hoffman changes his nonverbal behaviors when he is
R. E. Axtell. (1998). Gestures: The do’s and taboos of body language around the world. New York:John Wiley. This is a very readable book that provides fascinating examples of how different cultures
Attend a public hearing at your school or in the nearby community. It could be a meeting about zoning, placement of a public facility, etc. Observe nonverbal communication such as where public offi
Think about current gender prescriptions in the United States. How are men and women“supposed” to look? How are these cultural expectations communicated? How might you resist and alter unhealthy
Describe the spatial arrangements in the home of your family of origin. Was there a room in which family members interacted a good deal? How was furniture arranged in that room? Who had separate
Attend a gathering of people from a culture different from yours. It might be a meeting at a Jewish temple if you’re Christian, an African American church if you are white, or a meeting of Asian
How can you improve your eff ectiveness in using and interpreting nonverbal communication?
How does nonverbal communication express cultural values?
What types of nonverbal behavior have scholars identifi ed?
What is nonverbal communication?
To what extent do Celia and Bernadette engage in dual perspective to understand each other?
Do you agree with Celia that the problem is Bernadette’s, not hers?Explain your answer.
Identify examples of loaded language and ambiguous language.
Identify examples of you-language in this conversation. How would you change it to I-language?
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct:How mind creates language. New York:HarperPerennial; Pinker, S. (2008). The stuff of thought: Language as a window to human nature. New York: Penguin. These
Visit the Institute of General Semantics website by going to the book’s online resources for this chapter and clicking on WebLink 4.4.
The national Student Voices Project was created in 2000 by the Annenberg Public Policy Center. Over the years, it has been launched in multiple cities. Learn more about this project by going to the
Visit chat rooms and online forums and notice the screen names that people use. How do the names people create for themselves shape perceptions of their identities? What screen names do you use?Why
In the chapter, we learned that language names experiences and that language is continuously evolving. Can you think of experiences, feelings, or other phenomena for which we don’t yet have names?
To appreciate the importance of symbolic capacities, imagine the following: living only in the present without memories or hopes and plans;thinking only in terms of literal reality, not what might
How do rules guide verbal communication?
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