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computer science
systems analysis and design 12th

Questions and Answers of Systems Analysis And Design 12th

Consider the CMOS op-amp in Figure 13.14. Design a complementary CMOS circuit in which each element is replaced by its complement. The bias voltages are \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\). The threshold voltage
Consider the bipolar op-amp circuit in Figure P13.70. Design the circuit such that the differential gain is at least 800 , and the output voltage is zero when the input voltages are zero. The
List and describe five practical op-amp parameters and discuss the effect they have on op-amp circuit characteristics.
What is a typical value of open-loop, low-frequency gain of an op-amp circuit? How does this compare to the ideal value?
How does a finite open-loop gain affect the closed-loop gains of the inverting and noninverting amplifiers?
How does a finite open-loop gain affect the (a) input resistance of an op-amp circuit and (b) the output resistance of an op-amp circuit? Consider the inverting and noninverting amplifiers.
Describe the open-loop amplifier frequency response and define the unity-gain bandwidth.
What is a typical corner frequency value, or dominant-pole frequency, in the open-loop frequency response?
Describe the gain-bandwidth product property of a closed-loop amplifier response.
Define slew rate and define full-power bandwidth.
What is the primary source of slew-rate limitation in an op-amp circuit?
What is one cause of an offset voltage in the input stage of a BJT op-amp?
What is one cause of an offset voltage in the input stage of a CMOS op-amp?
Describe an offset voltage compensation technique.
What is the source of input bias current in the 741 op-amp?
What can be the effect of an input bias current?
Describe the effect of input bias currents on an integrator.
Describe an input bias current compensation technique.
Define and explain common-mode rejection ratio.
An op-amp is connected in an inverting amplifier configuration with a voltage gain of -80 and is biased at \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\). If the output saturates at \(\pm 4.5 \mathrm{~V}\), what is the
Consider the op-amp described in Problem 14.1. In addition, the maximum output current of the op-amp is \(\pm 15 \mathrm{~mA}\). The resistors used in the configuration are \(R_{2}=160 \mathrm{k}
Data in the following table were taken for several op-amps operating in the open-loop configuration. Determine the unknown variables in the table. Case AOL V1 V2 1 104 -0.1 mV +0.1 mV 2345 2 x 10
(a) An inverting amplifier with resistors \(R_{1}=5.6 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{2}=120 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) is fabricated using an op-amp with an open-loop gain of \(10^{5}\). What is the percent
(a) Consider a noniverting amplifier with \(R_{1}=6.8 \mathrm{k} \Omega, R_{2}=47 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and an op-amp with \(A_{O L}=2 \times 10^{4}\). (i) What is the closed-loop gain? (ii) Determine
(a) An op-amp is ideal except it has a finite open-loop gain of \(A_{O L}=2 \times 10^{3}\). The op-amp is connected in an inverting configuration. Determine \(R_{2} / R_{1}\) such that the
A noninverting amplifier is to be fabricated with a specification of an ideal closed-loop gain of 90 . What is the minimum open-loop gain of the opamp such that the closed-loop gain is within 0.01
The output of a voltage follower is to be within 0.02 percent of the ideal value. What is the minimum op-amp open-loop gain that is required?
An inverting amplifier is fabricated using 0.1 percent precision resistors. The nominal resistor values are \(R_{2}=210 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{1}=21.0 \mathrm{k} \Omega\).(a) If the op-amp is
For the op-amp used in the inverting amplifier configuration in Figure P14.10, the open-loop parameters are \(A_{O L}=10^{3}\) and \(R_{o}=0\). Determine the closed- loop gain \(A_{C L}=v_{O} /
A pressure transducer, as described in Example 14.1, is to be used in conjunction with a noninverting op-amp circuit. The ideal output voltage is to be +0.10 \(\mathrm{V}\) for a transducer voltage
Consider the two inverting amplifiers in cascade in Figure P14.12. The opamp parameters are \(A_{O L}=5 \times 10^{3}, R_{i}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(R_{o}=1 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Determine the
The noninverting amplifier in Figure P14.13 has an op-amp with open-loop properties: \(A_{O L}=10^{3}, R_{i}=20 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(R_{o}=0.5 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). (a) Determine the closed-loop
For the op-amp in the voltage follower circuit in Figure P14.14, the openloop parameters are \(A_{O L}=5 \times 10^{3}, R_{i}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(R_{o}=1 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). (a) Sketch the
The summing amplifier in Figure P14.15 has an op-amp with open-loop parameters: \(A_{O L}=2 \times 10^{3}, R_{i}=\infty\), and \(R_{o}=0\). Determine the actual output voltage as a function of \(v_{I
For the op-amp in the differential amplifier in Figure P14.16, the open-loop parameters are: \(A_{O L}=10^{3}, R_{i}=\infty\), and \(R_{o}=0\). Determine the actual differential voltage gain
Because of a manufacturing error, the open-loop gain of each op-amp in the circuit in Figure P14.17 is only \(A_{O L}=100\). The open-loop input and output resistances are \(R_{i}=10 \mathrm{k}
An inverting amplifier has a closed-loop voltage gain of -25 . The op-amp used has a low-frequency, open-loop gain of \(2 \times 10^{4}\) and has a unity-gain bandwidth of \(10^{6} \mathrm{~Hz}\).
The open-loop low-frequency gain of an op-amp is \(A_{o}=100 \mathrm{~dB}\). At a frequency of \(f=10^{4} \mathrm{~Hz}\), the magnitude of the open-loop gain is \(38 \mathrm{~dB}\). Determine the
A noninverting amplifier uses 5 percent precision resistors with nominal values of \(R_{2}=150 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{1}=15 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The op-amp has a low-frequency gain of \(A_{o}=3
The low-frequency open-loop gain of an op-amp is \(2 \times 10^{5}\) and the second pole occurs at a frequency of \(5 \mathrm{MHz}\). An amplifier using this op-amp has a low-frequency closed-loop
Two inverting amplifiers are connected in cascade to provide an overall voltage gain of 500 . The gain of the first amplifier is -10 and the gain of the second amplifier is -50 . The unity-gain
Three inverting amplifiers, each with \(R_{2}=150 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{1}=15 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), are connected in cascade. Each op-amp has a low-frequency gain of \(A_{o}=5 \times 10^{4}\)
An inverting amplifier circuit has a voltage gain of -25 . The op-amp used in the circuit has a low-frequency voltage gain of \(5 \times 10^{4}\) and a unity-gain bandwidth of \(1 \mathrm{MHz}\).
An audio amplifier system, using a noninverting op-amp circuit, needs to have a small-signal bandwidth of \(20 \mathrm{kHz}\). The open-loop low-frequency voltage gain of the op-amp is \(10^{5}\) and
If an op-amp has a slew-rate of \(5 \mathrm{~V} / \mu \mathrm{s}\), find the full-power bandwidth for a peak output voltage of (a) \(5 \mathrm{~V}\), (b) \(1.5 \mathrm{~V}\), and (c) \(0.4
(a) An op-amp with a slew rate of \(8 \mathrm{~V} / \mu \mathrm{s}\) is driven by a \(250 \mathrm{kHz}\) sine wave. What is the maximum output amplitude at which slew-rate limiting is reached?(b)
An amplifier system is to be designed to provide an undistorted \(10 \mathrm{~V}\) peak sinusoidal signal at a frequency of \(f=12 \mathrm{kHz}\). Determine the minimum slew rate required for the
(a) The op-amp to be used in the audio amplifier system in Problem 14.25 has a slew rate of \(0.63 \mathrm{~V} / \mu \mathrm{s}\). Determine the peak value of undistorted output voltage that can be
The op-amp in the noninverting amplifier configuration in Figure P14.30 has a slew rate of \(1 \mathrm{~V} / \mu \mathrm{s}\). Sketch the output voltage versus time for each of the three inputs
For each op-amp in the circuit shown in Figure P14.31, the bias is \(\pm 15 \mathrm{~V}\) and the slew rate is \(3 \mathrm{~V} / \mu \mathrm{s}\). Sketch the output voltages \(v_{O 1}\) and \(v_{O
For the transistors in the diff-amp in Figure 14.16 in the text, the current parameters \(I_{S 1}\) and \(I_{S 2}\) can be written as \(5 \times 10^{-14}(1+x)\) A, where \(x\) represents the
The bipolar active load diff-amp in Figure 14.18 is biased at \(V^{+}=5 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-5 \mathrm{~V}\). The transistor parameters are \(V_{A N}=120 \mathrm{~V}, V_{A P}=80 \mathrm{~V}\),
For the transistors in the diff-amp in Figure 14.19, the conduction parameters can be written as \(150(1+x) \mu \mathrm{A} / \mathrm{V}^{2}\), where \(x\) represents the deviation from the ideal due
(a) An inverting op-amp circuit has a gain of -30. The op-amp used in the circuit has an offset voltage of \(\pm 2 \mathrm{mV}\). If the input signal voltage to the amplifier is \(10 \mathrm{mV}\),
Repeat Problem 14.35 for an input signal voltage of \(v_{I}=25 \sin \omega t(\mathrm{mV})\).Data From Problem 14.35:-(a) An inverting op-amp circuit has a gain of -30. The op-amp used in the circuit
Consider the integrator circuit in Figure P14.37. The circuit parameters are \(R=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(C=10 \mu \mathrm{F}\). The op-amp offset voltage is \(\pm 5 \mathrm{mV}\). For
In the circuit in Figure P14.38, the offset voltage of each op-amp is \(\pm 3 \mathrm{mV}\).(a) Determine the possible range in output voltages \(v_{O 1}\) and \(v_{O 2}\) for \(v_{I}=0\).(b) Repeat
In the circuit shown in Figure P14.39, the op-amp is ideal. For \(v_{I}=0.5 \mathrm{~V}\), determine \(v_{O}\) when the wiper arm of the potentiometer is at the \(V^{+}\)node, in the center, and at
Consider the bipolar diff-amp with an active load and a pair of offset-null terminals as shown in Figure 14.22 in the text. Let \(R_{1}=R_{2}=500 \Omega\) and let \(R_{x}\) be a \(50 \mathrm{k}
The bipolar diff-amp in Figure 14.22 in the text is biased at \(I_{Q}=500 \mu \mathrm{A}\). Assume all transistors are matched, with \(I_{S}=10^{-14} \mathrm{~A}\). Let \(R_{1}=R_{2}=\) \(500
(a) An op-amp is connected in an inverting amplifier configuration with \(R_{2}=200 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{1}=20 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The input bias current at the inverting terminal is \(1 \mu
An inverting amplifier has parameters \(R_{2}=150 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{1}=15 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Bias currents of \(2 \mu \mathrm{A}\) are leaving each op-amp terminal. Determine the output
An op-amp is connected in a noninverting amplifier configuration with a voltage gain of +41 . The feedback resistor is \(250 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The op-amp has input bias currents of \(I_{B 1}=I_{B
An op-amp used in a voltage follower configuration is ideal except that the input bias currents are \(I_{B 1}=I_{B 2}=1 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The source driving the voltage follower has an output
In the differential amplifier in Figure P14.16, the op-amp is ideal except that the average input bias current is \(I_{B}=10 \mu \mathrm{A}\) and the input offset current is \(I_{O S}=3 \mu
The op-amp bias currents for the circuit in Figure P14.38 are equal at \(I_{B 1}=\) \(I_{B 2}=1 \mu \mathrm{A}\). (a) Find the worst-case output voltages \(v_{O 1}\) and \(v_{O 2}\) for \(v_{I}=0\).
(a) For the integrator circuit in Figure P14.48, let the input bias currents be \(I_{B 1}=I_{B 2}=0.1 \mu \mathrm{A}\). Assume that switch \(S\) opens at \(t=0\). Derive an expression for the output
For the circuit in Figure P14.49, the op-amps are ideal except that the opamps have bias currents of \(I_{B}=3 \mu \mathrm{A}\) entering each op-amp terminal. (a) For \(v_{I}=0\) and
For each circuit in Figure P14.50, the input bias current is \(I_{B}=0.8 \mu \mathrm{A}\) the input offset current is \(I_{O S}=0.2 \mu \mathrm{A}\). (a) Determine the output voltage due to the
For the op-amp in Figure P14.51, the input offset voltage is \(V_{O S}=3 \mathrm{mV}\), the average input bias current is \(I_{B}=0.4 \mu \mathrm{A}\), and the offset bias current is \(I_{O S}=0.06
Consider the op-amp circuit in Figure P14.52. (a) Find the value of \(R_{2}\) needed for \(\mathrm{a} \pm 10 \mathrm{mV}\) offset voltage adjustment. (b) Determine \(R_{1}\) to minimize bias current
For each op-amp in the circuit in Figure P14.38, the offset voltage is \(V_{O S}=10 \mathrm{mV}\) and the input bias currents are \(I_{B 1}=I_{B 2}=2 \mu \mathrm{A}\). (a) Find the worst-case output
The op-amps in the circuit in Figure P14.49 have an offset voltage \(V_{O S}=2 \mathrm{mV}\), an average input bias current of \(I_{B}=0.2 \mu \mathrm{A}\), and an offset current of \(I_{O S}=0.02
Each op-amp in Figure P14.50 has an offset voltage of \(V_{O S}=2 \mathrm{mV}\), an average input bias current of \(I_{B}=500 \mathrm{nA}\), and an input offset current of \(I_{O S}=100
For each op-amp in Figure P14.50, the input offset voltage is \(V_{O S}=2 \mathrm{mV}\) at \(T=25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the input offset voltage temperature coefficient is \(\mathrm{TC} v_{O
The input offset voltage in each op-amp in Figure P14.57 is \(V_{O S}=1 \mathrm{mV}\) at \(T=25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the input offset voltage coefficient is \(\mathrm{TC} v_{O S}=3.3 \mu
For each op-amp in Figure P14.50, the input bias current is \(I_{B}=500 \mathrm{nA}\) at \(T=25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the input offset current is \(I_{O S}=200 \mathrm{nA}\) at \(T=25^{\circ}
For each op-amp in Figure P14.57, the input bias current is \(I_{B}=2 \mu \mathrm{A}\) at \(T=25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the input offset current is \(I_{O S}=0.2 \mu \mathrm{A}\) at \(T=25^{\circ}
The op-amp in the difference amplifier configuration in Figure P14.60 is ideal.(a) If the tolerance of each resistor is \(\pm 1.5 \%\), determine the minimum value of
If the tolerance of each resistor in the difference amplifier in Figure P14.60 is \(\pm x \%\), what is the maximum value of \(x\) if the minimum \(\mathrm{CMRR}_{\mathrm{dB}}\) is (a) \(50
Consider an inverting amplifier such as shown in Figure 14.2. Bias a standard op-amp at \(\pm 5 \mathrm{~V}\), and let \(R_{2}=100 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{1}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Using a
Consider the simplified op-amp shown in Figure 14.11. Use standard transistors and take the output at the collector of \(Q_{6}\). Assume the bias current for \(Q_{1}\) and \(Q_{2}\) is \(I_{Q}=19 \mu
The equivalent circuit of the all-CMOS MC14573 op-amp was given in Figure 13.14. Using a computer simulation, determine the slew rate of the op-amp assuming \(C_{1}=12 \mathrm{pF}\). Use standard
A basic bipolar input diff-amp stage is shown in Figure 14.22. Use standard transistors and other appropriate circuit parameters. Let \(v_{1}=v_{2}=0\). (a) Plot \(i_{C 1}\) and \(i_{C 2}\) as a
An amplifier system, using op-amps, is to be designed to provide a lowfrequency voltage gain of 50 and a bandwidth of \(20 \mathrm{kHz}\). The only available op-amps have a low-frequency open-loop
Consider the simplified op-amp in Figure 14.11. Neglect the emitter-follower output stage. Assume bias voltages of \(V^{+}=3 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(V^{-}=-3 V\). Let the bias current for \(Q_{5}\) and
Consider the op-amp circuit shown in Figure P14.12. Each op-amp has an offset voltage of \(V_{O S}=2 \mathrm{mV}\). Design an offset voltage compensation circuit. Assume bias voltages are limited to
Consider the op-amp circuit shown in Figure P14.12. Each op-amp has an average input bias current of \(I_{B}=1 \mu \mathrm{A}\) and the offset bias current is \(I_{O S}=0.1 \mu \mathrm{A}\). Design
(a) A negative-feedback amplifier has a closed-loop gain of \(A_{f}=100\) and an open-loop gain of \(A=5 \times 10^{4}\). Determine the feedback transfer function \(\beta\). (b) If \(\beta=0.012\)
(a) The closed-loop gain of a negative-feedback amplifier is \(A_{f}=-80\) and the open-loop gain is \(A=-10^{5}\). Find the feedback transfer function \(\beta\). (b) If \(\beta=-0.015\) and \(A=-5
The ideal feedback transfer function is given by Equation (12.5).(a) Assume the feedback transfer function is \(\beta=0.15\). Determine the loop gain \(T\) and the closed-loop gain \(A_{f}\) for (i)
(a) The closed-loop gain of a feedback amplifier using an ideal feedback amplifier \((A \rightarrow \infty)\) is \(A_{f}=125\). What is the value of \(\beta\) ? (b) If the basic amplifier has a
Consider the feedback system shown in Figure 12.1. The closed-loop gain is \(A_{f}=-80\) and the open-loop gain is \(A=-2 \times 10^{4}\). (a) Determine the feedback transfer function \(\beta\). (b)
The open-loop gain of an amplifier is \(A=5 \times 10^{4}\). If the open-loop gain decreases by 10 percent, the closed-loop gain must not change by more than 0.1 percent. Determine the required value
Two feedback configurations are shown in Figures P12.7(a) and P12.7(b). The closed-loop gain in each case is \(A_{v f}=v_{o} / v_{i}=50\).(a) Determine \(\beta_{1}\) and \(\beta_{2}\) for the two
Three voltage amplifiers are in cascade as shown in Figure P12.8 with various amplification factors. The 180 degree phase shift for negative feedback actually occurs in the basic amplifier itself.
(a) The open-loop low-frequency voltage gain of an amplifier is \(A_{v}=\) \(5 \times 10^{4}\) and the open-loop \(3 \mathrm{~dB}\) frequency is \(f_{H}=10 \mathrm{~Hz}\). If the closed-loop
(a) Determine the closed-loop bandwidth of a noninverting amplifier with a closed-loop low-frequency gain of 50. The op-amp has the characteristics described in Problem 12.9(a). (b) If the open-loop
(a) An inverting amplifier uses an op-amp with an open-loop \(3 \mathrm{~dB}\) frequency of \(5 \mathrm{~Hz}\). The closed-loop low-frequency gain is to be \(\left|A_{v f}\right|=75\) and the
The basic amplifier in a feedback configuration has a low-frequency gain of \(A=5000\) and two pole frequencies at \(f_{3-\mathrm{dB} 1}=10 \mathrm{~Hz}\) and \(f_{3-\mathrm{dB} 2}=2 \mathrm{kHz}\).

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