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computer science
systems analysis and design 12th

Questions and Answers of Systems Analysis And Design 12th

Figure P9.59 is used to calculate the resistance seen by the load in the voltage-to-current converter given in Figure 9.22. (a) Show that the output resistance is given by\[R_{o}=\frac{R_{1} R_{2}
Consider the op-amp difference amplifier in Figure 9.24(a). Let \(R_{1}=R_{3}\) and \(R_{2}=R_{4}\). A load resistor \(R_{L}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) is connected from the output terminal to ground.
Consider the differential amplifier shown in Figure 9.24(a). Let \(R_{1}=R_{3}\) and \(R_{2}=R_{4}\). Design the amplifier such that the differential voltage gain is (a) 40 , (b) 25 , (c) 5 , and (d)
Consider the differential amplifier shown in Figure 9.24(a). Assume that each resistor is \(50(1 \pm x) \mathrm{k} \Omega\). (a) Determine the worst case common-mode gain \(A_{C M}=v_{O} / v_{C M}\),
Let \(R=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) in the differential amplifier in Figure P9.63. Determine the voltages \(v_{X}, v_{Y}, v_{O}\) and the currents \(i_{1}, i_{2}, i_{3}, i_{4}\) for input voltages of (a)
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P9.64.(a) The output current of the op-amp is \(1.2 \mathrm{~mA}\) and the transistor current gain is \(\beta=75\). Determine the resistance \(R\).(b) Repeat part
The circuit in Figure P9.65 is a representation of the common-mode and differential-input signals to a difference amplifier. The output voltage can be written as\[v_{O}=A_{d} v_{d}+A_{c m} v_{c
Consider the adjustable gain difference amplifier in Figure P9.66. Variable resistor \(R_{V}\) is used to vary the gain. Show that the output voltage \(v_{O}\), as a function of \(v_{I 1}\) and
Assume the instrumentation amplifier in Figure 9.26 has ideal op-amps. The circuit parameters are \(R_{1}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega, R_{2}=40 \mathrm{k} \Omega, R_{3}=40 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and
Consider the circuit in Figure P9.68. Assume ideal op-amps are used. The input voltage is \(v_{I}=0.5 \sin \omega t\). Determine the voltages (a) \(v_{O B}\), (b) \(v_{O C}\), and (c) \(v_{O}\). (d)
Consider the circuit in Figure P9.69. Assume ideal op-amps are used. (a) Derive the expression for the current \(i_{O}\) as a function of input voltages \(v_{I 1}\) and \(v_{I 2}\). (b) Design the
The instrumentation amplifier in Figure 9.26 has the same circuit parameters and input voltages as given in Problem 9.67, except that \(R_{1}\) is replaced by a fixed resistance \(R_{1 f}\) in series
Design the instrumentation amplifier in Figure 9.26 such that the variable differential voltage gain covers the range of 5 to 200 . Set the gain of the difference amplifier to 2.5. The maximum
All parameters associated with the instrumentation amplifier in Figure 9.26 are the same as given in Exercise Ex 9.8, except that resistor \(R_{3}\), which is connected to the inverting terminal of
The parameters in the integrator circuit shown in Figure 9.30 are \(R_{1}=20 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(C_{2}=0.02 \mu \mathrm{F}\). The input signal is \(v_{I}=0.25 \cos \omega t(\mathrm{~V})\). (a)
Consider the ideal op-amp integrator. Assume the capacitor is initially uncharged. (a) The output voltage is \(v_{O}=-5 \mathrm{~V}\) at \(t=1.2 \mathrm{~s}\) after a \(+0.25 \mathrm{~V}\) pulse is
The circuit in Figure P9.75 is a first-order low-pass active filter. (a) Show that the voltage transfer function is given by\[A_{v}=\frac{-R_{2}}{R_{1}} \cdot \frac{1}{1+j \omega R_{2} C_{2}}\](b)
(a) Using the results of Problem 9.75, design the low-pass active filter in Figure P9.75 such that the input resistance is \(20 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), the low-frequency gain is -15 , and the \(-3
The circuit shown in Figure P9.77 is a first-order high-pass active filter.(a) Show that the voltage transfer function is given by\[A_{v}=\frac{-R_{2}}{R_{1}} \cdot \frac{j \omega R_{1} C_{1}}{1+j
(a) Using the results of Problem 9.77, design the high-pass active filter in Figure P9.77 such that the high-frequency voltage gain is -15 and the \(-3 \mathrm{~dB}\) frequency is \(20
Consider the voltage reference circuit shown in Figure P9.79. Determine \(v_{O}, i_{2}\), and \(i_{\mathrm{Z}}\). Rs = 5.6 kQ +10 V + R = 1 k Vz=6.8 Viz ww Figure P9.79 R = 1 kQ ww
Consider the circuit in Figure 9.35. The diode parameter is \(I_{S}=10^{-14} \mathrm{~A}\) and the resistance is \(R_{1}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Plot \(v_{O}\) versus \(v_{I}\) over the range \(20
In the circuit in Figure P9.81, assume that \(Q_{1}\) and \(Q_{2}\) are identical transistors. If \(T=300 \mathrm{~K}\), show that the output voltage is\[v_{O}=1.0 \log _{10}\left(\frac{v_{2}
Consider the circuit in Figure 9.36. The diode parameter is \(I_{S}=10^{-14} \mathrm{~A}\) and the resistance is \(R_{1}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Plot \(v_{O}\) versus \(v_{I}\) for \(0.30 \leq v_{I}
Design an op-amp summer to produce the output voltage \(v_{O}=2 v_{I 1}-\) \(10 v_{I 2}+3 v_{I 3}-v_{I 4}\). Assume the largest resistor value is \(500 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and the input impedance
Design an op-amp summer to produce an output voltage of \(v_{O}=3 v_{I 1}+\) \(1.5 v_{I 2}+2 v_{I 3}-4 v_{I 4}-6 v_{I 5}\). The largest resistor value is to be \(250 \mathrm{k} \Omega\).
Design a voltage reference source as shown in Figure 9.42 to have an output voltage of \(12.0 \mathrm{~V}\). A Zener diode with a breakdown voltage of \(5.6 \mathrm{~V}\) is available. Assume the
Consider the voltage reference circuit in Figure P9.86. Using a Zener diode with a breakdown voltage of \(5.6 \mathrm{~V}\), design the circuit to produce an output voltage of \(12.0 \mathrm{~V}\).
Consider the bridge circuit in Figure P9.87. The resistor \(R_{T}\) is a thermistor with values of \(20 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) at \(T=300 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(21 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) at \(T=350
Consider the bridge circuit in Figure 9.46. The resistance \(R\) is \(20 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and the bias is \(V^{+}=9 \mathrm{~V}\). (a) Determine \(v_{O 1}\) as a function of \(\Delta R\). (b)
Using a computer simulation, verify the design in Example 9.4.Data From Example 9.4:- Design a summing amplifier to produce a specified output signal. The output signal generated from an ideal
Using a computer simulation, verify the design in Example 9.8.Data From Example 9.8:- Determine the range required for resistor R, to realize a differential gain adjustable from 5 to 500. The
Using a computer simulation, verify the design in Problem 9.76(b). Plot \(v_{O}\) versus frequency over the range \(2 \leq f \leq 50 \mathrm{kHz}\).Data From Problem 9.76:-(a) Using the results of
Using a computer simulation, verify the design in Problem 9.78(a). Plot \(v_{O}\) versus frequency over the range \(2 \leq f \leq 100 \mathrm{kHz}\).Data From Problem 9.78:-(a) Using the results of
(a) Determine the small-signal parameters \(g_{m}, r_{\pi}\), and \(r_{o}\) of a transistor with parameters \(\beta=180\) and \(V_{A}=150 \mathrm{~V}\) for bias currents of (i) \(I_{C Q}=0.5
(a) The transistor parameters are \(\beta=125\) and \(V_{A}=200 \mathrm{~V}\). A value of \(g_{m}=95 \mathrm{~mA} / \mathrm{V}\) is desired. Determine the required collector current and then find
A transistor has a current gain in the range \(90 \leq \beta \leq 180\) and the quiescent collector current is in the range \(0.8 \leq I_{C Q} \leq 1.2\mathrm{~mA}\). What is the possible range in
The transistor in Figure 6.3 has parameters \(\beta=120\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). The circuit parameters are \(V_{C C}=3.3 \mathrm{~V}, R_{C}=15 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(I_{C Q}=0.12 \mathrm{~mA}\).
For the circuit in Figure 6.3, the transistor parameters are \(\beta=120\), \(V_{B E}(\mathrm{on})=0.7 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(V_{A}=80 \mathrm{~V}\). The circuit parameters are \(V_{C C}=3.3
For the circuit in Figure 6.3, \(\beta=120, V_{C C}=5 \mathrm{~V}, V_{A}=100 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(R_{B}=25 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). (a) Determine \(V_{B B}\) and \(R_{C}\) such that \(r_{\pi}=5.4
The parameters of each transistor in the circuits shown in Figure P6.7 are \(\beta=120\) and \(I_{C Q}=0.5 \mathrm{~mA}\). Determine the input resistance \(R_{i}\) for each circuit. R V+ R R Rg 50
The parameters of each transistor in the circuits shown in Figure P6.8 are \(\beta=130, V_{A}=80 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(I_{C Q}=0.2 \mathrm{~mA}\). Determine the output resistance \(R_{o}\) for each
The circuit in Figure 6.3 is biased at \(V_{C C}=10 \mathrm{~V}\) and has a collector resistor of \(R_{C}=4 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The voltage \(V_{B B}\) is adjusted such that \(V_{C}=4 \mathrm{~V}\).
For the circuit in Figure 6.14, \(\beta=100, V_{A}=\infty, V_{C C}=10 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(R_{B}=50 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). (a) Determine \(V_{B B}\) and \(R_{C}\) such that \(I_{C Q}=0.5 \mathrm{~mA}\)
The ac equivalent circuit shown in Figure 6.7 has \(R_{C}=2 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The transistor parameters are \(g_{m}=50 \mathrm{~mA} / \mathrm{V}\) and \(\beta=100\). The time-varying output
The parameters of the transistor in the circuit in Figure P6.12 are \(\beta=150\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine \(R_{1}\) and \(R_{2}\) to obtain a bias-stable circuit with the \(Q\)-point in
Assume that \(\beta=100, V_{A}=\infty, R_{1}=33 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(R_{2}=50 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) for the circuit in Figure P6.13. (a) Plot the \(Q\)-point on the dc load line. (b) Determine
The transistor parameters for the circuit in Figure P6.13 are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Design the circuit such that it is bias stable and that the \(Q\)-point is in the center of the
For the circuit in Figure P6.15, the transistor parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). Design the circuit such that \(I_{C Q}=0.25 \mathrm{~mA}\) and \(V_{C E Q}=3 \mathrm{~V}\). Find the
Assume the transistor in the circuit in Figure P6.16 has parameters \(\beta=120\) and \(V_{A}=100 \mathrm{~V}\). (a) Design a bias-stable circuit such that \(V_{C E Q}=5.20 \mathrm{~V}\). (b)
(a) For transistor parameters \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=100 \mathrm{~V}\), (i) design the circuit in Figure P6.17 such that the dc voltages at the base and collector terminals are \(0.20 \mathrm{~V}\)
The signal source in Figure P6.18 is \(v_{s}=5 \sin \omega t \mathrm{mV}\). The transistor parameters are \(\beta=120\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\).(a) (i) Design the circuit such that \(I_{C Q}=0.25
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P6.19 where the signal-source is \(v_{s}=4 \sin \omega t \mathrm{mV}\).(a) For transistor parameters of \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\), (i) find the
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P6.20. The transistor parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=100 \mathrm{~V}\). Determine \(R_{i}, A_{v}=v_{o} / v_{s}\), and \(A_{i}=i_{o} / i_{s}\). Vcc = 9 V
The parameters of the transistor in the circuit in Figure P6.21 are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=100 \mathrm{~V}\).(a) Find the dc voltages at the base and emitter terminals.(b) Find \(R_{C}\) such that
For the circuit in Figure P6.22, the transistor parameters are \(\beta=180\) and \(r_{o}=\infty\). (a) Determine the \(Q\)-point values. (b) Find the small-signal hybrid- \(\pi\) parameters. (c) Find
For the circuit in Figure P6.23, the transistor parameters are \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=80 \mathrm{~V}\). (a) Determine \(R_{E}\) such that \(I_{E Q}=0.75 \mathrm{~mA}\). (b) Determine \(R_{C}\) such
The transistor in the circuit in Figure P6.24 has parameters \(V_{E B}(\mathrm{on})=0.7 \mathrm{~V}\), \(V_{A}=50 \mathrm{~V}\), and a current gain in the range \(80 \leq \beta \leq 120\). Determine
Design a one-transistor common-emitter preamplifier that can amplify a \(10 \mathrm{mV}\) (rms) microphone signal and produce a \(0.5 \mathrm{~V}\) (rms) output signal. The source resistance of the
For the transistor in the circuit in Figure P6.26, the parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\).(a) Determine the \(Q\)-point.(b) Find the small-signal parameters \(g_{m}, r_{\pi}\), and
If the collector of a transistor is connected to the base terminal, the transistor continues to operate in the forward-active mode, since the \(\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{C}\) junction is not reverse biased.
(a) Design an amplifier with the configuration similar to that shown in Figure 6.31. The circuit is to be biased with \(V_{C C}=3.3 \mathrm{~V}\) and the source resistance is \(R_{S}=100 \Omega\).
An ideal signal voltage source is given by \(v_{s}=5 \sin (5000 t)(\mathrm{mV})\). The peak current that can be supplied by this source is \(0.2 \mu \mathrm{A}\). The desired output voltage across a
Design a one-transistor common-emitter amplifier with a small-signal voltage gain of approximately \(A_{v}=-10\). The circuit is to be biased from a single power supply of \(V_{C C}=5 \mathrm{~V}\)
Design a common-emitter circuit whose output is capacitively coupled to a load resistor \(R_{L}=10 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The minimum small-signal voltage gain is to be \(\left|A_{v}\right|=50\). The
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P6.13. Assume \(R_{1}=33 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{2}=50 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The transistor parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). Determine the
For the circuit in Figure P6.15, let \(\beta=100, V_{A}=\infty, R_{E}=12.9 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(R_{C}=6 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Determine the maximum undistorted swing in the output voltage if the
Consider the circuit in Figure P6.19. The transistor parameters are \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine the maximum undistorted swing in the output voltage if the total instantaneous
The parameters of the circuit shown in Figure P6.17 are \(R_{B}=20 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and \(R_{C}=2.5 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). The transistor parameters are \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). Determine
Consider the circuit in Figure P6.26 with transistor parameters described in Problem 6.26. Determine the maximum undistorted swing in the output current \(i_{C}\) if the total instantaneous collector
For the circuit in Figure P6.20, the transistor parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=100 \mathrm{~V}\). The values of \(R_{C}, R_{E}\), and \(R_{L}\) are as shown in the figure. Design a
In the circuit in Figure P6.22 with transistor parameters \(\beta=180\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\), redesign the bias resistors \(R_{1}\) and \(R_{2}\) to achieve maximum symmetrical swing in the output
For the circuit in Figure P6.24, the transistor parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine the maximum undistorted swing in the output voltage if the total instantaneous
Figure P6.40 shows the ac equivalent circuit of an emitter follower.(a) The transistor parameters are \(\beta=120\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). For \(R_{E}=500 \Omega\), determine \(I_{C Q}\) such that the
Consider the ac equivalent circuit in Figure P6.40. The transistor parameters are \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Design the circuit (find \(I_{C Q}\) and \(R_{E}\) ) such that \(R_{i b}=50
For the ac equivalent circuit in Figure P6.42, \(R_{S}=1 \mathrm{k} \Omega\) and the transistor parameters are \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=50 \mathrm{~V}\).(a) For \(I_{C Q}=2 \mathrm{~mA}\), find
The circuit and transistor parameters for the ac equivalent circuit in Figure P6.43 are \(R_{S}=0.5 \mathrm{k} \Omega, \beta=120\), and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine the required value of \(I_{Q}\)
The transistor parameters for the circuit in Figure P6.44 are \(\beta=180\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Find \(I_{C Q}\) and \(V_{C E Q}\). (b) Plot the dc and ac load lines. (c) Calculate the
Consider the circuit in Figure P6.45. The transistor parameters are \(\beta=120\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). Repeat parts (a)-(d) of Problem 6.44.Data From Problem 6.44:-The transistor parameters for the
For the circuit shown in Figure P6.46, let \(V_{C C}=3.3 \mathrm{~V}, R_{L}=4 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), \(R_{1}=585 \mathrm{k} \Omega, R_{2}=135 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), and \(R_{E}=12 \mathrm{k} \Omega\).
For the transistor in Figure P6.47, \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=150\) V.(a) Determine the dc voltages at the base and emitter terminals.(b) Calculate the smallsignal parameters \(g_{m}, r_{\pi}\), and
Consider the emitter-follower amplifier shown in Figure P6.48. The transistor parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=100 \mathrm{~V}\). (a) Find the output resistance \(R_{o}\). (b) Determine the
The transistor parameters for the circuit in Figure P6.49 are \(\beta=110\), \(V_{A}=50 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(V_{E B}\) (on) \(=0.7 \mathrm{~V}\). (a) Determine the quiescent values \(I_{C Q}\) and
For the transistor in Figure P6.50, the parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Design the circuit such that \(I_{E Q}=1 \mathrm{~mA}\) and the \(Q\)-point is in the center of the dc
In the circuit shown in Figure P6.51, determine the range in small-signal voltage gain \(A_{v}=v_{o} / v_{s}\) and current gain \(A_{i}=i_{o} / i_{s}\) if \(\beta\) is in the range \(75 \leq \beta
The transistor current gain \(\beta\) in the circuit shown in Figure \(\mathrm{P} 6.52\) is in the range \(50 \leq \beta \leq 200\). (a) Determine the range in the dc values of \(I_{E}\) and
Consider the circuit shown in Figure P6.47. The transistor current gain is in the range \(100 \leq \beta \leq 180\) and the Early voltage is \(V_{A}=150 \mathrm{~V}\). Determine the range in
For the circuit in Figure P6.54, the parameters are \(V_{C C}=5 \mathrm{~V}\) and \(R_{E}=500 \Omega\). The transistor parameters are \(\beta=120\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Design the circuit to
Design an emitter-follower circuit with the configuration shown in Figure 6.49 such that the input resistance \(R_{i}\), as defined in Figure 6.51, is \(120 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). Assume transistor
(a) For the emitter-follower circuit in Figure P6.54, assume \(V_{C C}=24 \mathrm{~V}\), \(\beta=75\), and \(A_{i}=i_{o} / i_{s}=8\). Design the circuit to drive an \(8 \Omega\) load. (b) Determine
The output of an amplifier can be represented by \(v_{s}=4 \sin \omega t(\mathrm{~V})\) and \(R_{S}=4 \mathrm{k} \Omega\). An emitter-follower circuit, with the configuration shown in Figure 6.54, is
An emitter-follower amplifier, with the configuration shown in Figure 6.54, is to be designed such that an audio signal given by \(v_{s}=5 \sin (3000 t) \mathrm{V}\) but with a source resistance of
Figure P6.59 is an ac equivalent circuit of a common-base amplifier. The transistor parameters are \(\beta=120, V_{A}=\infty\), and \(I_{C Q}=1 \mathrm{~mA}\). Determine (a) the voltage gain
The transistor in the ac equivalent circuit shown in Figure P6.60 has parameters \(\beta=80\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). Determine (a) the voltage gain \(A_{v}=V_{o} / V_{i}\), (b) the current gain
Consider the ac equivalent common-base circuit shown in Figure P6.61. The transistor has parameters \(\beta=110\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). Determine (a) the voltage gain \(A_{v}=V_{o} / V_{i}\), (b) the
Figure P6.62 shows an ac equivalent circuit of a common-base amplifier. The parameters of the transistor are \(\beta=120, V_{B E}(\mathrm{on})=0.7 \mathrm{~V}\), and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine
The transistor in the circuit shown in Figure P6.63 has \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine the quiescent values \(I_{C Q}\) and \(V_{E C Q}\). (b) Determine the small-signal voltage
Repeat Problem 6.63 with a \(100 \Omega\) resistor in series with the \(v_{s}\) signal source.Data From Problem 6.63:-The transistor in the circuit shown in Figure P6.63 has \(\beta=100\) and
Consider the common-base circuit in Figure P6.65. The transistor has parameters \(\beta=120\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine the quiescent \(V_{C E Q}\). (b) Determine the small-signal voltage
For the circuit shown in Figure P6.66, the transistor parameters are \(\beta=100\) and \(V_{A}=\infty\). (a) Determine the dc voltages at the collector, base, and emitter terminals. (b) Determine the

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