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business
fundamentals of management
Questions and Answers of
Fundamentals Of Management
Some people resist change, whereas others welcome it enthusiastically. To deal with the first group, one needs to overcome resistance to change; to deal with the second, one needs to overcome
Think back to a time when a professor announced a change that you, the student, did not want to adopt. What were the reasons for your resistance to change? Was the professor able to overcome your
Assume that you are the manager of an organization that has a routine way of performing a task and now faces a major change in how it performs that task. Using the Lewin model, tell what steps you
What symptoms should a manager look for in determining whether an organization needs to change? What symptoms indicate that an organization has been through too much change?
Consider the following list of products. Categorize each along all three dimensions of innovation, if possible (radical versus incremental, technical versus managerial, and product versus
In a brief sentence or just a phrase, describe each of the OD techniques.
Identify the primary reasons people resist change, and then summarize the primary methods managers can use to overcome this resistance.
Compare planned and reactive change. What are the advantages of planned change, as compared to reactive change?
What forces or kinds of events lead to organization change? Identify each force or event as the primary determinant of a planned or a reactive change.
Assuming that you wanted a career in retailing, would you want to work for A&F?Why or why not?
What differences might you expect to see between the organizational designs of such traditional retailers as A&F and American Eagle and those at online retailers such as Amazon.com and eBay?
What kind of organizational design do you think would be best suited to Jeffries’s managerial style?
If you were hired to advise Michael Jeffries on A&F’s current organizational design, what weaknesses and potential threats would you identify?What strengths and opportunities?
Have you ever been on a flight that involved a codesharing arrangement? Did you notice then—or do you realize now—that there were advantages to the practice of codesharing? Based on what you know
According to one industry analyst, “in a scale business… size does matter.” What does he mean by“a scale business”? Why is the airline industry “a scale business”? Once you’ve thought
In what ways might the divisional (M-form)designs of most airlines lend themselves to the requirements of alliance membership? In what ways might they be compatible with the organizational needs of
Take a situational view of organization design:What roles have technology and environment played in the development of alliances and virtual organizations in the airline industry? In what ways does
What basic factors did you consider in choosing a design?
What are your thoughts about starting out too large to maintain stability, as opposed to starting small and then growing?
How clear (or how ambiguous) were the decisions about organization design?
How can you make constructive use of the survey results?
What might account for some of the differences in individual scores?
In what respects do the survey responses agree or disagree?
Calculate a class-average score. Have one member of the group present the group’s responses to the discussion questions.
Working with a small group, compare individual scores and prepare group responses to the discussion questions.
Score the survey according to the directions that follow. Calculate your overall score.
Complete the following Delegation Aptitude Survey. You should think of work-related or group situations in which you have had the opportunity to delegate responsibility to others. If you have not had
Given a choice of starting your career in a firm that’s either highly centralized or highly decentralized, which would you prefer? Why?
In your opinion, which scenario would be easier to implement in reality? In other words, is it probably easier to move from centralization to decentralization or vice versa? Whatever your opinion in
For Scenario B, list the major barriers to centralization that you foresee.
For Scenario A, list the major barriers to decentralization that you foresee.
Share your results with another group or with the class as a whole. Be prepared to explain and justify the decisions that you made in determining the firm’s structure.
Draw an organization chart based on your research.
Alone or with a partner, go online to research a publicly traded U.S. firm in which you’re interested.Focus on information that will help you understand the company’s structure. If you research
What are the benefits of using the learning organization approach to design? Now consider that, to learn, organizations must be willing to tolerate many mistakes because it is only through the effort
Each of the organization designs is appropriate for some firms but not for others. Describe the characteristics that a firm using the U form should have. Then do the same for the H form, the M form,
Identify five ways in which electronic coordination affects your daily life.
Learn how your school or business is organized.Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of this form of departmentalization, and then comment on how well or how poorly other forms of organization
How is specialization applied in settings such as a hospital, restaurant, and church?
Compare and contrast the matrix organization and the team organization, citing their similarities and differences.
Describe the basic forms of organization design.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Distinguish between centralization and decentralization, and comment on their relative advantages and disadvantages.
What is departmentalization? What are its most common forms?
What is job specialization? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
In what ways does Bigfoot rely on distinctive competencies?In what ways is experience in international management among these competencies?In what ways do you expect this particular competency to
Does Bigfoot have any first-mover advantages? If so, what are these advantages, and how important do you think they are now and will be in the future?
Which niches does Bigfoot serve in established markets? What new markets does it target? Can you think of any other niches or new markets that it should consider in the future?
In what ways is Bigfoot innovative? In what ways does it deal with big business? In what industries does it operate?
How good is your health?I never run down!I have enough energy for most things I want to do.I run out of energy sooner than most of my friends.Total the checks or Xs in each column here.
Can you stick with it?If I make up my mind to do something, I don’t let anything stop me.I usually finish what I start—if it goes well.If it doesn’t go well right away, I quit. Why beat your
Can people trust what you say?You bet they can. I don’t say things I don’tmean.I try to be on the level most of the time, but sometimes I just say what’s easiest.Why bother if the other person
Can you make decisions?I can make up my mind in a hurry if I have to.It usually turns out OK, too.I can if I have plenty of time. If I have to make up my mind fast, I think later I should have
How good a worker are you?I can keep going as long as I need to. I don’t mind working hard for something I want.I’ll work hard for a while, but when I’ve had enough, that’s it.I can’t see
How good an organizer are you?I like to have a plan before I start. I’m usually the one to get things lined up when the group wants to do something.I do all right unless things get too
Can you take responsibility?I like to take charge of things and see them through.I’ll take over if I have to, but I’d rather let someone else be responsible.There are always eager beavers around
Can you lead others?I can get most people to go along when I start something.I can give orders if someone tells me what we should do.I let someone else get things moving. Then I go along if I feel
How do you feel about other people?I like people. I can get along with just about anybody.I have plenty of friends—I don’t need anybody else.Most people irritate me.
Are you a self-starter?I do things on my own. Nobody has to tell me to get going.If someone getsme started, I keep going all right.Easy does it. I don’t push myself until I have to.
How important do you regard market potential as a factor in small-business success?
At this point, how important do you regard personal interest as a factor in small-business success?
Form a small group of four or five classmates, and discuss your respective lists. Look for instances in which the same type of business appears on either both of your lists or one of your lists and
Being sure to choose a category other than the one that you discussed for question 1, select one of these categories that applies to you. In your opinion, does that factor make it more likely that
Choose one of the categories of individuals and explain why this type of person might be more likely to become a business owner.
Using the information about managing a small business presented in this chapter, analyze whether you would like to work in a small business—either as an employee or as a founder. Given your
List five entrepreneur-owned businesses in your community. In which industry does each business compete? Based on the industry, how do you rate each business’s long-term chances for success?Explain
The U.S. automotive industry is well established, with several large and many small competitors.Describe the unexploited niches in the U.S. auto industry and tell how entrepreneurs could offer
Consider the four major reasons for new business failure. What actions can entrepreneurs take to minimize or avoid each cause of failure?
Entrepreneurs and small businesses play a variety of important roles in society. If these roles are so important, do you think that the government should do more to encourage the development of small
What are the basic reasons small businesses succeed and what are the basic reasons they fail?
What are the different sources of advice for entrepreneurs?What type of information would an entrepreneur be likely to get from each source?What are the drawbacks or limitations for each source?
Describe recent trends in new business start-ups.
What characteristics make an industry attractive to entrepreneurs? Based on these characteristics, which industries are most attractive to entrepreneurs?
Describe the similarities and differences between entrepreneurial firms and large firms in terms of their job creation and innovation.
How might a manager use these techniques at work? What situations would not be appropriate for the use of these techniques?
Note that both techniques explicitly encourage the behavioral aspects of decision making, especially intuition. Do you think this is appropriate when making this type of decision? Or would a more
Did the techniques of journaling and affinity diagramming help you generate more ideas and better see the connections between ideas? If so, explain how. If not, what technique(s) would have worked
What have you learned about decision-making biases and risk propensity from these experiments?
Discuss the answers given by the class. Why do students’ answers differ?
Answer the list of brief questions that your professor provides to you. No answer is correct or incorrect;simply choose your most likely response.Then, when the professor asks, share your answers
Recall a decision that you recently made that had ethical implications. Did these implications make the decision easier or harder?
Explain the differences among three common methods of group decision making—interacting groups, Delphi groups, and nominal groups.
If you’re a video game player, what aspects of Activision’s strategy have led to your playing more(or fewer) of its games? If you’re not a video game player, what aspects of Activision
What was the most difficult part of the SWOT analysis?
NASAmanagers and astronauts did not use a formal planning process in their approach to this situation.Why not? Is there any part of the formal planning process that could have been helpful? What does
The biggest obstacles to effective planning in the first few minutes of this crisis were the rapid and unexpected changes occurring in a dynamic and complex environment. List elements of the
Watch and listen to the short clip from Apollo 13.(This movie was made by Universal Studios in 1995 and was directed by Ron Howard. The script was based on a memoir by astronaut and Apollo 13 Mission
Finally, ask yourself how confident you would be in basing decisions on the information that you’ve obtained.
Next, rate each source that you consult in terms of probable reliability.
Then ask yourself: For what types of information are data readily available on the Internet? What categories of data are difficult or impossible to find on the Internet? (Note: When using the
List the sources that you’ll use to gather information about the firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
What kind of plan—tactical or operational—should be developed first? Why? Does the order really matter? Why or why not?
Volkswagen sold its original Beetle automobile in the United States until the 1970s. The original Beetle was made of inexpensive materials, was built using an efficient mass-production technology,
Which strategy—business or corporate level—should a firm develop first? Describe the relationship between a firm’s business- and corporate-level strategies.
Managers are sometimes criticized for focusing too much attention on the achievement of short-term goals. In your opinion, how much attention should be given to long-termversus short-termgoals? In
Identify and describe Porter’s generic strategies.
If you were asked to critique Mercy Corps in terms of effectiveness, what factors would you focus on?
Discuss how the economic, global, and ethical environments interact with respect to an organization like Mercy Corps.
Do you pay attention to fair-trade products in your own purchasing behavior? For what kind of products might you be willing to pay premium prices?
What are the trade-offs in the fair-trade process?Do you think that fair trade promotes fair tradeoffs?Why or why not?
How does the environment affect fair trade?
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