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business
management and organisational behaviour

Questions and Answers of Management And Organisational Behaviour

Critically review the likely impact which age discrimination legislation and the increasing number of tribunal cases might have on managerial attitudes to workplace diversity more generally.
Why did B&Q adopt its present approach to diversity? How far do you agree or disagree with these reasons for its action, and why?
How might the B&Q approach to diversity encourage individuals (both staff and customers) to contribute to the organisation’s performance?
Given the nature of the business, identify and explain what you think would be the three most important characteristics or personality traits which Ellen should look for in a manager for the Surgery.
What sort of challenges might Ellen face in integrating a male member of staff to a very small business which employs mostly women? How could she ensure his successful induction?
Explain the nature of the perceptual process and selectivity and attention;
Detail internal and external factors that provide meaning to the individual;
Examine the organisation and arrangement of stimuli, and perceptual illusions;
Explain the importance of selection and attention, and organisation and judgement;
Identify problems and difficulties in perceiving other people and nonverbal communications;
Evaluate the relevance of neuro-linguistic programming and transactional analysis;
Review the importance of an understanding of perception and communication.
Identify clearly the most significant principles that influence the organisation and arrangement of stimuli.Provide your own example of each of these principles.
What do you see as the practical benefits of (i) neuro-linguistic programming (NLP); and (ii) transactional analysis (TA)?
Using the ‘cycle of perception and behaviour’model shown in Figure 4.13, examine how the expression of anger by one person might have a positive effect on the communication process as the article
What particular problems might the expression of anger (either verbally or using non-verbal signals)cause in a culturally diverse environment?
What can the article tell us about the wider role of emotions at work? Should managers control displays of emotion such as anger in both themselves and their staff? Give reasons for your answer.
Discuss and plan an experiment like the ‘circle dragging’ one carried out by Ariely which you could use to see if you find the same differences in motivation resulting from the use of
To what extent should managers appeal to ‘social norms’ when planning the work of their staff? What are the benefits and what are the dangers?
What management problems might arise if staff perceive that business is slow, and how should the problems be addressed?
If Ellen wanted to set up a formal staff communication process in the business, what type of system would you recommend, and why?Think about this in the light of approaches to communication or models
Explain the meaning and underlying concept of motivation;
Detail main types of needs and expectations of people at work;
Explain frustration-induced behaviour and possible reactions to frustration at work;
Examine main theories of motivation and evaluate their relevance to particular work situations;
Review the meaning, nature and dimensions of job satisfaction;
Assess broader influences on motivation and job satisfaction;
Evaluate the relationship between motivation, job satisfaction and work performance.
Debate critically the validity of the contention that the motivation for staff to work well depends on more than a high salary and good working conditions.
What exactly do you understand by job satisfaction? What are the main dimensions of job satisfaction?Give specific examples of causes of both job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction that you have
What evidence is there in the article that employee award schemes can help meet the needs and expectations of people at work outlined in Figure 5.2?
Explain which two motivation theories you think are most useful for a manager who is planning an employee award scheme, both to decide what to include in the scheme and what to avoid.
Using a basic model of expectancy theory or goal setting theory, assess the various motivational forces which might be operating when employees blog about their employer.
It seems that for some people, blogging about work can be viewed as a form of frustration-induced behaviour. Critically review the process of blogging as a method of expressing job dissatisfaction.
Select one motivation theory and explain how it might be used to analyse the failure of the points based bonus system.
Outline a course of action that might re-motivate staff, but also ensure that the Wardrobe Surgery can return to profit.
Which issue is most central to the fi eld of organizational behavior? (a) ways to improve advertising for a new product (b) how to increase job satisfaction and performance among employees (c)
What is the best description of the setting facing organizational behavior today?(a) Command-and-control is in. (b) The new generation is similar to the old.(c) Empowerment is out. (d) Work–life
If the organization culture represents the character of an organization in terms of shared values, the ____________ represents the shared perceptions of members about day-to-day management practices.
Which of the following is not a good match of organizational stakeholder and the interests they often hold important? (a) customers—high quality products (b) owners—returns on investments (c)
When a person’s human skills are so good that they always have relationships with other people who they can confi dently ask for help and assistance at work, these skills increase the ____________
Class discussions, “debriefs,” and individual papers based on case studies, team projects, and in-class activities are all ways an instructor tries to engage you in which part of the experiential
What does “self-regulation” mean when used in the context of one’s emotional intelligence?
Carla, a college junior, is participating in a special “elementary education outreach”project in her local community. Along with other students from the business school, she is going to spend the
Individual differences are important because they ____________. (a) mean we have to be different (b) reduce the importance of individuality (c) show that some cultural groups are superior to others
Self-awareness is ____________ awareness of others. (a) more important than(b) less important than (c) as important as (d) not at all related to
Self-effi cacy is a form of ____________. (a) self-awareness (b) self-esteem(c) nurture (d) agreeableness
Personality encompasses ____________. (a) the overall combination of characteristics that capture the unique nature of a person (b) only the nurture components of self (c) only the nature components
People who are high in internal locus of control ____________. (a) believe what happens to them is determined by environmental forces such as fate (b) believe that they control their own fate or
Proactive personality is ____________ in today’s work environments. (a) punished(b) missing (c) becoming more important (d) losing importance
People who would follow unethical orders without question would likely be high in ____________. (a) internal locus of control (b) machiavellianism (c) proactive personality and extraversion (d)
Managers who are hard-driving, detail-oriented, have high performance standards, and thrive on routine could be characterized as ____________. (a) Type B (b) Type A(c) high self-monitors (d) low Machs
Eustress is ____________ stress, while distress is ____________ stress. (a) constructive, destructive (b) destructive, constructive (c) negative, positive (d) the most common, the most relevant
Coping involves both ____________ and ____________ elements. (a) cognitive, intellectual (b) promotion, prevention (c) problem-focused, emotion-focused(d) cultural, psychological
When it comes to values, ____________. (a) instrumental values are more important than terminal values, (b) value congruence is what seems to be most important for satisfaction(c) it is rare that
Culture is ____________. (a) a person’s major beliefs and personal orientation concerning a range of issues (b) the way a person gathers and evaluates information(c) the way someone appears to
The demographic make-up of the workforce ____________. (a) has been relatively stable (b) is not related to managerial practices (c) has experienced dramatic changes in recent decades (d) is becoming
Companies that ____________ experience the greatest benefi ts of workforce diversity.(a) have learned to employ people because of their differences (b) have learned to employ people in spite of their
The experience in which simply having various diversity groups makes that group category salient in peoples’ minds is an example of ____________. (a) stigma(b) leaking pipeline (c) inclusion (d)
What are individual differences and why are they important to organizational behavior?
What is more infl uential in determining personality: nature or nurture?
What values were identifi ed by Meglino and associates, and how do they relate to workplace behavior?
With respect to diversity and inclusion, what do we know about environments that are most conducive to valuing and supporting diversity?
Your boss has noticed that stress levels have been increasing in your work unit, and has asked you to assess the problem and propose a plan of action for addressing it.What steps would you take to
A/an ____________ is a rather intense but short-lived feeling about a person or a situation, while a/an ____________ is a more generalized positive or negative state of mind. (a) stressor, satisfi er
When someone is feeling anger about something a co-worker did, she is experiencing a/an ____________, but when just “having a bad day overall” she is experiencing a/an ____________. (a) mood,
If a person shows empathy and understanding of the emotions of others and uses this to better relate to them, she is displaying the emotional intelligence competency of ____________. (a)
The ____________ component of an attitude indicates a person’s belief about something, while the ____________ component indicates positive or negative feeling about it. (a) cognitive, affective (b)
____________ describes the discomfort someone feels when his or her behavior is inconsistent with an expressed attitude. (a) Alienation (b) Cognitive dissonance(c) Job dissatisfaction (d)
The tendency of people at work to display feelings consistent with the moods of their co-workers and bosses, is known as ____________. (a) emotional dissonance(b) emotional labor (c) mood contagion
When an airline fl ight attendant displays organizationally desired emotions when interacting with passengers, this is an example of ____________. (a) emotional labor(b) emotional contagion (c) job
A person who always volunteers for extra work or helps someone else with their work is said to be high in ____________. (a) emotional labor (b) affect (c) emotional intelligence (d) organizational
The main difference between job involvement and ____________ is that the former shows a positive attitude toward the job and the latter shows a positive attitude toward the organization. (a)
Job satisfaction is known to be a good predictor of ____________. (a) deep acting(b) emotional intelligence (c) cognitive dissonance (d) absenteeism
The best conclusion about job satisfaction in today’s workforce is probably that ____________. (a) it isn’t an important issue (b) the only real concern is pay(c) most people are not satisfi ed
Which statement about the job satisfaction–job performance relationship is most consistent with research? (a) A happy worker will be productive. (b) A productive worker will be happy. (c) A well
What does “performance-contingent” refer to when rewards are discussed as possible infl uences on satisfaction and performance? (a) rewards are highly valued(b) rewards are frequent (c) rewards
Describe and give examples of the three components of an attitude.
List fi ve facets of job satisfaction and briefl y discuss their importance.
Your boss has a sign posted in her offi ce. It says—“A satisfi ed worker is a highperforming worker.” In a half-joking and half-serious way she points to it and says,“You are fresh out of
Perception is the process by which people ____________ and interpret information.(a) generate (b) retrieve (c) transmit (d) verify
When an individual attends to only a small portion of the vast information available in the environment, this tendency in the perception process is called ____________.(a) interpretation (b) self
Self-serving bias is a form of attribution error that involves ____________. (a) blaming yourself for problems caused by others (b) blaming the environment for problems you caused (c) poor emotional
If a new team leader changes tasks for persons on her work team mainly “because I would prefer to work the new way rather than the old,” she may be committing a perceptual error known as
Use of special dress, manners, gestures, and vocabulary words when meeting a prospective employer in a job interview are all examples of how people use ____________. (a) projection (b) selective
The perceptual tendency known as a/an ____________ is associated with the“Pygmalion effect” and refers to fi nding or creating in a situation that which was originally expected. (a) self-effi
Punishment ____________. (a) may be offset by positive reinforcement from another source (b) generally is the most effective kind of reinforcement (c) is best given anonymously (d) should never be
A defi ning characteristic of social learning theory is that it ____________.(a) recognizes the existence of vicarious learning (b) is not concerned with extrinsic ewards (c) relies only on use of
Why is the law of effect useful in management?
One of your friends has just been appointed as leader of a work team. This is her first leadership assignment and she has recently heard a little about attribution theory. She has asked you to
Motivation is defi ned as the level and persistence of ____________.(a) effort (b) performance (c) need satisfaction (d) instrumentalities
A content theory of motivation is most likely to focus on ____________.(a) organizational justice (b) expectancy (c) equity (d) individual needs
A process theory of motivation is most likely to focus attention on ____________.(a) frustration–regression (b) expectancies regarding work outcomes (c) lower-order needs (d) hygiene factors
When a team member shows strong ego needs in Maslow’s hierarchy, the team leader should fi nd ways to link this person’s work on the team task with ____________.(a) compensation tied to group
According to McClelland, a person high in need achievement will be motivated by ____________.(a) status of being an executive (b) control and infl uence over other people(c) teamwork and collective
Improvements in job satisfaction are most likely under Herzberg’s two-factor theory when ____________ are improved.(a) working conditions (b) base salaries (c) co-worker relationships(d)
Both Barry and Marissa are highly motivated college students. Knowing this I can expect them to be ____________ in my class.(a) hard working (b) high performing (c) highly satisfi ed (d) highly
In equity theory, the ____________ is a key issue.(a) social comparison of rewards (b) equality of rewards (c) equality of efforts(d) absolute value of rewards
When someone has a high and positive “expectancy” in expectancy theory of motivation, this means that the person ____________.(a) believes he or she can meet performance expectations (b) highly
If someone improves productivity by developing a new work process and receives a portion of the productivity savings as a monetary reward, this is an example of a/an ____________ pay plan. (a)

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