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business
management and organisational behaviour

Questions and Answers of Management And Organisational Behaviour

Performance measurement serves both evaluation and ____________ purposes.(a) reward allocation (b) counseling (c) discipline (d) benefi ts calculations
Which form of performance assessment is an example of the comparative approach? (a) forced distribution (b) graphic rating scale (c) BARS (d) critical incident diary
If a performance assessment method fails to accurately measure a person’s performance on actual job content, it lacks ____________. (a) performance contingency(b) leniency (c) validity (d)
In the job characteristics model, a person will be most likely to fi nd an enriched job motivating if he or she ____________. (a) receives stock options (b) has ability and support (c) is unhappy
When a job allows a person to do a complete unit of work, for example, process an insurance claim from point of receipt from the customer to the point of fi nal resolution, it would be considered
Explain the difference between halo errors and recency errors in performance assessment.
Choose a student organization on your campus. Discuss in detail how the concepts and ideas in this chapter could be applied in various ways to improve motivation and performance among its members.
Task characteristics, reward systems, and team size are all ____________ that can make a difference in team effectiveness. (a) processes (b) dynamics (c) inputs (d) rewards
Which statement about self-managing teams is most accurate? (a) They always improve performance but not satisfaction. (b) They should have limited decisionmaking authority. (c) They operate with
Members of a multinational task force in a large international business should probably be aware that ____________ might initially slow the progress of the team.(a) synergy (b) groupthink (c) the
What is the diversity–consensus dilemma?
The statement “On our team, people always try to do their best” is an example of a(n) ____________ norm. (a) support and helpfulness (b) high-achievement(c) organizational pride (d) personal
When someone is being aggressive, makes inappropriate jokes, or talks about irrelevant matters in a group meeting, these are all examples of ____________ that can harm team performance. (a)
When two groups are in competition with one another, ____________ may be expected within each group. (a) greater cohesiveness (b) less reliance on the leader(c) poor task focus (d) more confl ict
When a team decision requires a high degree of commitment for its implementation, a(n) ____________ decision is generally preferred. (a) authority (b) majority rule(c) consensus (d) minority rule
How do cohesiveness and conformity to norms infl uence team performance?
Alejandro Puron recently encountered a dilemma in working with his employer’s diversity task force. One of the team members claimed that a task force must always be unanimous in its
The criteria questions for assessing ethics in decision making include the issue of ____________, making sure that the decision satisfi es the interests of all stakeholders.(a) utility (b) justice
What is a possible disadvantage of choosing to make a decision by the team rather than by the individual method? (a) people are better informed about the reason for the decision (b) it takes too long
The ____________ is the tendency to focus on what is already thought to be true and not to search for disconfi rming information. (a) representativeness heuristic(b) anchoring and adjustment
The indirect confl ict management approach that uses the chain of command for confl ict resolution is known as ____________. (a) upward referral (b) avoidance(c) smoothing (d) appeal to common goals
One of the problems with the suppression of confl icts is that it ____________. (a) creates winners and losers (b) is a temporary solution that sets the stage for future confl ict(c) works only with
An ____________ confl ict occurs when a person must choose between two equally attractive alternative courses of action. (a) approach–avoidance(b) avoidance– avoidance (c) approach–approach (d)
If two units or teams in an organization are engaged in almost continual confl ict and the higher manager decides it is time to deal with things through managed interdependence, which is a possible
A lose–lose confl ict is likely when the confl ict management approach is one of ____________. (a) collaborator (b) altering scripts (c) accommodation(d) problem solving
____________ interfere(s) with open communication in most workplaces. (a) Status effects (b) Technology (c) Organizational ecology (d) Nonverbal communication
What is the key to using active listening effectively?
Three bases of position power are ____________. (a) reward, expertise, and coercive power (b) legitimate, experience, and judgment power (c) knowledge, experience, and judgment power (d) reward,
The three basic power relationships are ____________. (a) upward, downward, and lateral (b) upward, downward, and oblique (c) downward, lateral, and oblique(d) downward, lateral, and external
Leadership is ____________. (a) equivalent to management (b) being in charge(c) the process of infl uencing others to get things done (d) holding a formal position
The behavioral approaches to leadership show that the most common types of leadership behaviors relate to ____________. (a) empowering and motivating(b) directing and controlling (c) guiding and
Leadership grid research suggests that the most effective managers are (a) high, high(b) high, low (c) low, high (d) middle of the road
Leader traits will have less of an impact in a(n) ____________situation than in a(n) ____________ situation. (a) prototypical, antiprototypical (b) implicit, explicit(c) weak, strong (d) favorable,
A key fi nding in Fiedler’s contingency theory is the importance of ____________.(a) leader match (b) implicit theories (c) prosocial power motivation (d) task-oriented leadership behavior
Path-goal has its roots in the ____________ theory of motivation. (a) hierarchy(b) equity (c) manifest need (d) expectancy
Substitutes for leadership research suggests that in certain situations leadership ____________. (a) has no substitutes (b) is contingent upon traits (c) makes no difference (d) substitutes for
When followers attribute superior qualities to leaders, it is referred to as ____________. (a) substitutes for leadership (b) romance of leadership (c) implicit leadership theories (d)
The idea that leadership resides in the minds of followers represents the ____________ in leadership. (a) cognitive revolution (b) contingency approach(c) behavioral approach (d) substitutes
____________ is defi ned as the behaviors of individuals acting in relation to leaders.(a) Subordination (b) Prototyped (c) Implicit theory (d) Followership
Conformity, insubordination, and incompetence represent followership ____________.(a) prototypes (b) antiprototypes (c) social construction (d) dissonance
Findings regarding charismatic leadership indicate that ____________. (a) anyone can be a charismatic leader (b) charisma is the most desirable leadership style(c) there is a potential negative side
Research showing that leaders develop differentiated relationship with followers is known as ____________. (a) leader-member exchange theory (b) transformational leadership theory (c) transactional
How do situational contingency theories relate to behavioral approaches to leadership theory?
Describe the difference between transactional and transformational theories of leadership.
What are the characteristics of low and high LMX relationships?
Your manager at work just called you into the offi ce to inform you that you are being promoted to supervisor. You are excited and nervous at the same time: You want to do a good job in this position
Authentic leadership ____________. (a) is easily attainable (b) is the most common type of leadership (c) involves acting in accordance with one’s true or core self(d) focuses on awareness of others
Research on project GLOBE found that ____________. (a) some dimensions of leadership are universally endorsed (b) there are no commonalities in leadership across cultures (c) expectations for leaders
The ____________ leader helps others discover their inner spirit, earns and keeps the trust of their followers, exhibits effective listening skills, and places the importance of assisting others over
____________ is a causal leadership approach for organizational transformation designed to create an intrinsically motivated, learning organization. (a) Servant leadership (b) Spiritual leadership
Shared leadership ____________. (a) emphasizes managerial relationships (b) is an extension of participative leadership (c) replaces vertical leadership (d) is a dynamic, interactive infl uence
Characteristics that are important for successful team performance include all but which of the following? (a) a strong vertical leader (b) effi cient, goal directed effort(c) commitment to
Which of the following is not one of the three broad categories of self-leadership?(a) constructive-thought-pattern strategies (b) natural-reward (c) behavior-focused(d) achievement-focus
In shared leadership teams, non-traditional leaders are often called ____________.(a) task leaders (b) project managers (c) facilitators (d) mentors
Contexts are usually described in terms of ____________ and ____________.(a) high, low (b) stability, uncertainty (c) shared, vertical (d) individualism, collectivism
In edge of chaos contexts, transformational leadership ____________. (a) is highly successful (b) is better than transactional (c) is the same as patterning of attention(d) often fails
Two often neglected aspects of leadership are ____________ and ____________.(a) transformational, transactional (b) shared, vertical (c) patterning of attention, network development (d) strategic,
Which type of change radically shifts the fundamental character of an organization?(a) transformational (b) incremental (c) transactional (d) hierarchical
The most common form of change is ____________. (a) transformational(b) incremental (c) transactional (d) hierarchical
In a ____________ strategy, leaders use authority, rewards or punishments as primary inducements to change. (a) rational persuasion (b) shared power(c) benefi t-compatibility (d) force-coercion
____________ is a change approach in which managers offer incentives to actual or potential change resistors. (a) Manipulation and co-optation (b) Explicit or implicit coercion (c) Negotiation and
What are the three core qualities of a spiritual leader?
____________ is a condition in which dominant cultural patterns are inconsistent with new emerging innovations. (a) Organizational cultural lag (b) Management philosophy (c) Internal integration (d)
The major types of goals for most organizations are ____________. (a) societal, personal, and output (b) societal, output, and systems (c) personal and impersonal(d) profi ts, corporate
A major distinction between line and staff units concerns ____________. (a) the amount of resources each is allowed to utilize (b) linkage of their jobs to the goals of the fi rm (c) the amount of
The division of labor by grouping people and material resources into regional groups deals with ____________. (a) specialization (b) coordination (c) divisionalization(d) vertical specialization (e)
Grouping individuals and resources in the organization around products, services, clients, territories, or legal entities is an example of ____________ specialization.(a) divisional (b) functional
A matrix structure ____________. (a) reinforces unity of command (b) is inexpensive(c) is easy to explain to employees (d) gives some employees two bosses (e) yields a minimum of organizational
____________ is the concern for proper communication enabling the units to understand one another’s activities. (a) Control (b) Coordination (c) Specialization(d) Departmentation (e) Division of
Written statements of organizational purpose are called ____________. (a) mission statements (b) formalization (c) mean–ends chains (d) formal organization charts
____________ is grouping individuals by skill, knowledge, and action yields.(a) Divisional departmentation (b) Functional departmentation (c) Hybrid structuration(d) Matrix departmentation
The division of labor through the formation of work units or groups within an organization is called ____________. (a) control (b) vertical specialization(c) horizontal specialization (d) coordination
____________ is the set of mechanisms used in an organization to link the actions of its subunits into a consistent pattern. (a) Departmentation (b) Coordination(c) Control (d) Formal authority
The set of mechanisms used to keep actions and outputs within predetermined limits is called ____________. (a) coordination (b) vertical specialization (c) control(d) formalization
____________ describes how formal authority is distributed and establishes where and how critical decisions are to be made. (a) Vertical/horizontal specialization (b) Centralization/decentralization
Grouping people together by skill, knowledge, and action yields a ________ pattern of departmentation. (a) functional (b) divisional (c) matrix (d) dispersed
____________ in an organization provide specialized expertise and services. (a) Staff units and personnel (b) Line units and personnel (c) Cross-functional teams(d) Auditing units
One of the advantages of a ______________ is that it helps provide a blending of technical and market emphases in organizations operating in exceedingly complex environments. (a) functional structure
_________ goals are the goals that defi ne the type of business an organization is in.(a) Divisional (b) Systems (c) Societal (d) Output
Compare and contrast output goals with systems goals.
Describe the types of controls used in organizations.
Describe some of the side effects of organizational controls in a large mechanistically structured organization such as the United States Postal Service.
With extensive use of IT, ____________. (a) more staff are typically added (b) fi rms can develop a virtual organization (c) fi rms can move internationally (d) fi rms can reduce redundancy
An interfi rm alliance is ____________. (a) an extreme example of an adhocracy(b) an announced cooperative agreement or joint venture between two independent fi rms (c) always short-lived (d) a sign
Explain why a large fi rm could not use a simple structure.
Describe the effect of operations technology on an organization from both Thompson’s and Woodward’s points of view.
1. Make a list of the attributes that describe the best manager you ever worked for. If you have trouble identifying an actual manager, make a list of attributes you would like the manager in your
Contributed by Barbara K. Goza, Visiting Associate Professor, University of California at Santa Cruz, and Associate Professor, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.From Journal of
1. Make a list of the top five things you expect from your first (or next) full-time job.2. Exchange lists with a nearby partner. Assign probabilities(or odds) to each goal on your partner’s list
1. The following nine items are from a survey conducted by Nicholas J. Beutell and O. C. Brenner (“Sex Differences in Work Values,” Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol.28, pp. 29–41, 1986).
A business has an asset base or set of resources that it uses to produce a good or service of value to others. For a business, these are the assets or resources it uses to achieve results, including
This exercise focuses on issues related to workers facing international assignments. It illustrates that those workers face a multitude of issues. It further demonstrates that managers who want
In the business context, culture involves shared beliefs and expectations that govern the behavior of people. In this exercise, foreign culture refers to a set of beliefs and expectations different
1. As a large class group, generate a list of groups that tend to be targets of prejudice and stereotypes in our culture —such groups can be based on gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation,
Clearly, the workplace of the future will be much more diverse than it is today: more women, more people of color, more international representation, more diverse lifestyles and ability profiles, and
There lived a woman named Abigail who was in love with a man named Gregory. Gregory lived on the shore of a river. Abigail lived on the opposite shore of the same river. The river that separated the
1. Read this situation.You are the owner of a small manufacturing corporation. Your company manufactures widgets—a commodity. Your widget is a clone of nationally known widgets. Your widget,
There are numerous problems associated with using punishment or discipline to change behavior. Punishment creates negative effects in the workplace. To better understand this, work in your group to
1. Form groups as assigned by the instructor. The mission of each group or temporary organization is to build the tallest possible Tinker Toy tower. Each group should determine worker roles: at least
1. Use the left column to rank the following job characteristics in the order most important to you (1—highest to 10—lowest). Then use the right column to rank them in the order you think they

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