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social science
positive psychology

Questions and Answers of Positive Psychology

What types of sensory adaptation have you experienced in the last 24 hours?
Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to focus on how we differ from one another.the social consequences of learned behaviors.the natural selection of traits that helped our ancestors survive
An example of an external stimulus that might influence sexual behavior is the level of testosterone in the bloodstream.the onset of puberty.a sexually explicit film.an erotic fantasy or dream.
Using condoms during sex _______ (does/doesn’t) reduce the risk of getting HIV and _______(does/doesn’t) fully protect against skin-to-skin STIs.
In describing the sexual response cycle, Masters and Johnson noted that a plateau phase follows orgasm.men experience a refractory period during which they cannot experience orgasm.the feeling that
A striking effect of hormonal changes on human sexual behavior is the end of sexual desire in men over 60.sharp rise in sexual interest at puberty.decrease in women’s sexual desire at the time of
Our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two is known as our _______ _______.
Gender role refers to our personal sense of being male or female.culture’s expectations about the “right” way for males and females to behave.assigned birth sex—our chromosomes and
A person born with sexual anatomy that differs from typical male or female anatomy may be considered _______.
On average, girls begin puberty at about the age of _______, boys at about the age of _______.
Primary sex characteristics relate to _______; secondary sex characteristics refer to _______.spermarche; menarche breasts and facial hair; ovaries and testes emotional maturity; hormone surges
A fertilized egg will develop into a boy if it receives a/n _______ chromosome from its father.
Females and males are very similar to each other. But one way they differ is that females are more physically aggressive than males.males are more democratic than females in their leadership roles.as
Psychologists define _______ as the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define males and females. The socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women is
What do you think about the evolutionary perspective on sexual behavior? To what extent do you think genetics affect our sexual behavior?
Has reading about the causes of sexual orientation influenced your views? If so, in what ways?
Surveys show that about 40 percent of Americans believe society should not accept same-sex marriages. Yet, acceptance of nonheterosexual orientation is increasing, especially among young people. Why
What strategy might be effective for reducing teen pregnancy?
How gender-typed are you? What has influenced your feelings of masculinity, femininity, or some combination of the two?
Contrary to what many people assume, older people are much less happy than adolescents are.we become less happy as we move from our teen years into midlife.positive feelings tend to grow after
Freud defined the healthy adult as one who is able to love and work. Erikson agreed, observing that the adult struggles to attain intimacy and ____________.
How do cross-sectional and longitudinal studies differ?
By age 65, a person would be most likely to experience a cognitive decline in the ability to recall and list all the important terms and concepts in a chapter.select the correct definition in a
Some developmental psychologists refer to the period that occurs in some Western cultures from age 18 to the mid-twenties and beyond (up to the time of full adult independence) as ____________
In Erikson’s stages, the primary task during adolescence is attaining formal operations.forging an identity.developing a sense of intimacy with another person.living independent of parents.
According to Piaget, a person who can think logically about abstractions is in the ____________ stage.
Adolescence is marked by the onset of an identity crisis.puberty.separation anxiety.parent-child conflict.
From the very first weeks of life, infants differ in their characteristic emotional reactions, with some infants being intense and anxious, while others are easygoing and relaxed. These differences
In a series of experiments, the Harlows found that monkeys raised with artificial mothers tended, when afraid, to cling to their cloth mother, rather than to a wire mother holding the feeding bottle.
An 8-month-old infant who reacts to a new babysitter by crying and clinging to his father’s shoulder is showing ____________ ____________.
Although Piaget’s stage theory continues to inform our understanding of children’s thinking, many researchers believe that Piaget’s “stages” begin earlier and development is more continuous
Use Piaget’s first three stages of cognitive development to explain why young children are not just miniature adults in the way they think.
Why can’t we consciously recall how we learned to walk when we were infants?
Which of the following is true of motor-skill development?It is determined solely by genetic factors.The sequence, but not the timing, is universal.The timing, but not the sequence, is universal.It
Between ages 3 and 6, the human brain experiences the greatest growth in the ____________ lobes, which we use for rational planning and which aid memory.
____________ studies explore how experiences put molecular marks on genes that trigger or block their expression.
Adoption studies seek to understand genetic influences on personality. They do this mainly by comparing adopted children with nonadopted children.evaluating whether adopted children’s personalities
____________ twins share the same DNA.
Fraternal twins result when a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm and then splits.a single egg is fertilized by two sperm and then splits.two eggs are fertilized by two sperm.two eggs are
Stroke a newborn’s cheek and the infant will root for a nipple. This illustrates a reflex.nurture.a preference.continuity.
Chemicals that the placenta isn’t able to screen out that may harm an embryo or fetus are called ____________.
Body organs first begin to form and function during the period of the ____________; within 6 months, during the period of the ____________, the organs are sufficiently functional to allow a good
When the mother’s egg and the father’s sperm unite, each contributes one chromosome pair.23 chromosomes.23 chromosome pairs.25,000 chromosomes.
A small segment of DNA is referred to as a ____________.
The threadlike structures made largely of DNA molecules are called ____________.
Although development is lifelong, there is stability of personality over time. For example, most personality traits emerge in infancy and persist throughout life.temperament tends to remain stable
The three major issues that interest developmental psychologists are nature/nurture, stability/change, and ____________ / ____________.
Imagining the future, how do you think you might change? How might you stay the same?
What do you think makes a person an adult? Do you feel like an adult? Why or why not?
Think about a difficult decision you had to make as a teenager. What did you do? Would you do things differently now?
What are the most positive or most negative things you remember about your own adolescence? Who do you credit or blame more—your parents or your peers?
Imagine your friend says, “Personality (or intelligence) is in the genes.” How would you respond?
What skills did you practice the most as a child? Which have you continued to use? How do you think this affected your brain development?
What kinds of mistakes do you think parents of the past made? What mistakes do you think today’s parents might be making?
What do you think about the idea that, genetically speaking, we are all nearly identical twins?
What impresses you the most about infants’ abilities, and why?
_______ _______ is the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
Which dream theory best explains why we often dream of daily things we’ve seen or done?
In interpreting dreams, Freud was most interested in their information-processing function.physiological function.manifest content, or story line.latent content, or hidden meaning.
What is the difference between narcolepsy and sleep apnea?
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that have been proposed to explain why we need sleep?Sleep has survival value.Sleep helps us recuperate.Sleep rests the eyes.Sleep plays a role in the
As the night progresses, what happens to the REM stage of sleep?
The brain emits large, slow delta waves during _______ sleep.
During the NREM-1 sleep stage, a person is most likely to experience deep sleep.hallucinations.night terrors or nightmares.rapid eye movements.
Our body temperature tends to rise and fall in sync with a biological clock, which is referred to as our _______ _______.
Inattentional blindness is a product of our _______ attention.
Failure to see visible objects because our attention is occupied elsewhere is called _______ _______.
Damage to the brain’s right hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person’s ability to recite the alphabet rapidly.make inferences.understand verbal instructions.solve arithmetic problems.
Studies of people with split brains and brain scans of those with undivided brains indicate that the left hemisphere excels in processing language.visual perceptions.making inferences.neurogenesis.
An experimenter flashes the word HERON across the visual field of a man whose corpus callosum has been severed. HER is transmitted to his right hemisphere and ON to his left hemisphere. When asked to
Plasticity is especially evident in the brains of split-brain patients.young adults.young children.right-handed people.
Judging and planning are enabled by the _______ lobes.
The “uncommitted” areas that make up about three-fourths of the cerebral cortex are called _______ _______.
Which of the following body regions has the greatest representation in the somatosensory cortex?Upper arm Toes Lips All regions are equally represented.
How do different neural networks communicate with one another to let you respond when a friend greets you at a party?
If a neurosurgeon stimulated your right motor cortex, you would most likely see light.hear a sound.feel a touch on the right arm.move your left leg.
The initial reward center discovered by Olds and Milner was located in the _______.
The neural structure that most directly regulates eating, drinking, and body temperature is the endocrine system.hypothalamus.hippocampus.amygdala.
A cat’s ferocious response to electrical brain stimulation would lead you to suppose the electrode had touched the _______.
Two parts of the limbic system are the amygdala and the cerebral hemispheres.hippocampus.thalamus.pituitary.
The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement and enables nonverbal learning and memory is the _______.
The lower brain structure that governs arousal is the spinal cord.cerebellum.reticular formation.medulla.
The thalamus functions as a memory bank.balance center.breathing regulator.sensory control center.
The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is the cerebellum.medulla.cortex.thalamus.
The _______ _______ secrete(s) epinephrine and norepinephrine, helping to arouse the body during times of stress.
The most influential endocrine gland, known as the “master gland,” is the pituitary.hypothalamus.thyroid.pancreas.
The neurons of the spinal cord are part of the _______ nervous system.
The sympathetic nervous system arouses us for action and the parasympathetic nervous system calms us down. Together, the two systems make up the _______ nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system is also referred to as the skeletal nervous system.controls the glands and the muscles of our internal organs.is a voluntary system under our conscious control.monitors
Endorphins are released in the brain in response to morphine or heroin.pain or vigorous exercise.the all-or-none response.all of the above.
In a sending neuron, when an action potential reaches an axon terminal, the impulse triggers the release of chemical messengers called _______.
Regarding a neuron’s response to stimulation, the intensity of the stimulus determines whether or not an impulse is generated.how fast an impulse is transmitted.how intense an impulse will
The tiny space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another is called the axon terminal.branching fiber.synaptic gap.threshold.
The neuron fiber that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles and glands is the _______.
Which explanation for why we dream makes the most sense to you? How well does it explain your own dreams?
What have you learned about sleep that you could apply to yourself?
Do you ever text, watch TV, or talk on the phone while studying? What impact do you think this multitasking has on your learning?
Can you think of a time when you focused your attention so completely on one thing that you did not notice something else? What happened?
Why do you think our brain evolved into so many interconnected structures with varying functions?
What important experiences have influenced your brain development? How do you imagine that your genes and your environment have interacted to make you different from other people?

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