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social science
positive psychology

Questions and Answers of Positive Psychology

After vigorous exercise, you meet an attractive person, and you are suddenly seized by romantic feelings for that person. This response supports the two-factor theory of emotion, which assumes that
A happy couple celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary is likely to experience deep _______ love, even though their _______ love has probably decreased over the years.
The more familiar a stimulus becomes, the more we tend to like it. This exemplifies the _______ _______ effect.
Social scientists studying the effects of pornography have mostly agreed that violent pornography has little effect on most viewers.is the primary cause of reported and unreported rapes.leads viewers
Studies show that parents of delinquent young people tend to use beatings to enforce discipline. This suggests that aggression can be learned through direct rewards.triggered by exposure to violent
When those who feel frustrated become angry and aggressive, this is referred to as the _______-_______ _______.
Evidence of a biochemical influence on aggression is the finding that aggressive behavior varies widely from culture to culture.animals can be bred for aggressiveness.stimulation of an area of the
The other-race effect occurs when we assume that other groups are _______ (more/less) homogeneous than our own group.
If several well-publicized murders are committed by members of a particular group, we may tend to react with fear and suspicion toward all members of that group. In other words, we blame the
Prejudice toward a group involves negative feelings, a tendency to discriminate, and overly generalized beliefs referred to as _______.
Sharing our opinions with like-minded others tends to strengthen our views, a phenomenon referred to as _______ _______.
In a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity, a person sometimes loses self-consciousness and self-control. This phenomenon is called _______.
Dr. Huang, a popular music professor, delivers fascinating lectures on music history but gets nervous and makes mistakes when describing exam statistics in front of the class. Why does his
In Milgram’s experiments, the rate of obedience was highest when the “learner” was at a distance from the “teacher.”the “learner” was near the “teacher.”other “teachers” refused
Researchers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if the group members have diverse opinions.the person feels competent and secure.the person admires the group’s status.no
Jamal’s therapist has suggested that Jamal should “act as if” he is confident, even though he feels insecure and shy. Which social psychological theory would best support this suggestion, and
We tend to agree to a larger request more readily if we have already agreed to a small request. This tendency is called the_______-_______-_______-_______phenomenon.
If we encounter a person who appears to be high on drugs, and we make the fundamental attribution error, we will probably attribute the person’s behavior to moral weakness or an addictive
Think of a conflict between friends or family members. What strategies would you suggest to help them reconcile their relationships?
What could you do to motivate your friends to contribute their time or money to a cause that is important to you?
To what extent have your closest relationships been affected by proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity?
In what ways have you been affected by social scripts for aggression? How have TV shows or video games contributed such scripts?
What negative attitudes might professors and students have toward each other? What strategies might change those attitudes?
What could you do to discourage social loafing in a group project assigned for a class?
What example of social influence have you experienced this week? How did you respond to the power of the situation?
Do you have an attitude or tendency you would like to change? How could you use the attitudes-follow-behavior idea to change it?
A philosopher observed that we cannot escape envy, because there will always be someone more successful, more accomplished, or richer with whom to compare ourselves. In psychology, this observation
After moving to a new apartment, you find the street noise irritatingly loud, but after a while, it no longer bothers you. This reaction illustrates the relative deprivation
One of the most consistent findings of psychological research is that happy people are also more likely to express anger.generally luckier than others.concentrated in the wealthier nations.more
Research on the faith factor has found that pessimists tend to be healthier than optimists.our expectations influence our feelings of stress.religiously active people tend to outlive those who are
Because it triggers the release of mood-boosting neurotransmitters such as serotonin, ___________ exercise raises energy levels and helps alleviate depression and anxiety.
People who have close relationships are less likely to die prematurely than those who do not, supporting the idea that social ties can be a source of stress.gender influences longevity.Type A
When elderly patients take an active part in managing their own care and surroundings, their morale and health tend to improve. Such findings indicate that people do better when they experience an
Research has shown that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shocks and has had the opportunity to escape.no control over the shocks.pain or discomfort.no food or
When faced with a situation over which you feel you have little control, it is most effective to use ___________ (emotion/problem)-focused coping.
The components of the Type A personality that have been linked most closely to coronary heart disease are anger and other ___________ feelings.
A Chinese proverb warns, “The fire you kindle for your enemy often burns you more than him.” How is this true of Type A individuals?
Research has shown that people are at increased risk for cancer a year or so after experiencing depression, helplessness, or bereavement. In describing this link, researchers are quick to point out
Stress can suppress the immune system by prompting a decrease in the release of ___________, the immune cells that ordinarily attack bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other foreign substances.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of stressors?Catastrophes Significant life changes Daily hassles Loss of personal control
The number of short-term illnesses and stress-related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that daily hassles have adverse health
When faced with stress, women are more likely than men to exhibit the ___________-and-___________ response.
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm reaction followed by ___________, then ___________.
Were you surprised by any of the findings related to happiness? What things might you change in your life to increase your own happiness?
How much control do you feel you have over your life? What changes could you make to increase your sense of control?
What strategies have you used to cope with stress in your own life? How well are they working? What other strategies could you try?
Can you remember a time when you felt better after discussing a problem with a loved one, or even after playing with your pet? How did it help you to cope?
Do you think you are Type A, Type B, or somewhere in between? In what ways has this been helpful to you, and in what ways has this been a challenge?
In what ways have you experienced the stress adaptation phases of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in your life as a student?
Aiden has a bad cold and finds himself shuffling to class with his head down. How might his posture, as well as his cold, affect his emotional well-being?
When people are induced to assume fearful expressions, they often report feeling a little fear. This result is known as the _______ _______ effect.
What does a polygraph measure and why are its results questionable?
Zajonc and LeDoux maintain that some emotional reactions occur before we have had the chance to consciously label or interpret them. Lazarus noted the importance of how we appraise events. These
Assume that after spending an hour on a treadmill, you receive a letter saying that your scholarship request has been approved. The two-factor theory of emotion would predict that your physical
The _______-_______ theory of emotion maintains that a physiological response happens BEFORE we know what we are feeling.
What are some ways to manage our social networking time successfully?
Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence presented to support the view that humans are strongly motivated by a need to belong?Students who rated themselves as “very happy” also tended
Sanjay recently adopted the typical college diet high in processed fat and sugar. He knows he may gain weight, but he figures it’s no big deal because he can lose the extra pounds in the future.
Obese people find it very difficult to lose weight permanently. This is due to several factors, including the fact that it takes more energy to maintain weight than it did to gain it.the set point of
The rate at which your body expends energy while at rest is referred to as the _______ _______ rate.
The blood sugar _______ provides the body with energy. When it is _______ (low/high), we feel hungry.
Which of the following is a genetically predisposed response to food?An aversion to eating cats and dogs An interest in novel foods A preference for sweet and salty foods An aversion to carbohydrates
According to the concept of set point, our body maintains itself at a particular weight level. This “weight thermostat” is an example of _______.
Journalist Dorothy Dix once remarked, “Nobody wants to kiss when they are hungry.” Which motivation theory best supports her statement?
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, our most basic needs are physiological, including the need for food and water; just above these are _______ needs.safety self-esteem belongingness
With a challenging task, such as taking a difficult exam, performance is likely to peak when arousal is very high.moderate.very low.absent.
_______ theory attempts to explain behaviors that do NOT reduce physiological needs.
Jan walks into a friend’s kitchen, smells bread baking, and begins to feel very hungry. The smell of baking bread is a(n) _______ (incentive/drive).
An example of a physiological need is _______. An example of a psychological drive is _______.hunger; a “push” to find food a “push” to find food; hunger curiosity; a “push” to reduce
Imagine one situation in which you would like to change the way you feel. How could you do so by altering your facial expressions or the way you carry yourself?
Can you think of a recent time when you noticed your body’s reactions to a stressful experience? How did you interpret the situation?What emotion did you feel?
Can you remember a time when you began to feel upset or uneasy and only later labeled those feelings? What was that like?
Do your connections on social media increase your sense of belonging? At busy times, what strategies do you use to maintain balance and focus?
Have you or a loved one ever tried unsuccessfully to lose weight? What happened? What weight-loss strategies might have been more successful?
Do you usually eat only when your body sends hunger signals? How much does the sight or smell of delicious food tempt you even when you’re full?
Does boredom ever motivate you to do things just to figure out something new? When was the last time that happened, and what did you find?
How often do you satisfy what Maslow called “self-actualization” needs? What about “self-transcendence” needs?
____________ ____________ can lead to poor performance on tests by undermining test-takers’ belief that they can do well on the test.
In prosperous country X everyone eats all they want. In country Y the rich are well fed, but the poor have very little to eat. In which country will the heritability of body weight be greater?
Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for the fact that more intelligent people tend to live longer, healthier lives?Intelligence makes it easier to access more education, better jobs,
Use the concepts of crystallized and fluid intelligence to explain why writers tend to produce their most creative work later in life, while scientists often hit their peak much earlier.
The environmental influence that has the clearest, most profound effect on intellectual development is exposing normal infants to enrichment programs before age 1.growing up in an economically
To say that the heritability of intelligence is about 50 percent means that 50 percent of an individual’s intelligence is due to genetic factors.the similarities between two groups of people are
The strongest support for heredity’s influence on intelligence is the finding that identical twins, but not other siblings, have nearly identical intelligence test scores.the correlation between
The Stanford-Binet, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children yield consistent results, for example on retesting. In other words, these tests have high
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is best able to tell us what part of an individual’s intelligence is determined by genetic inheritance.whether the test-taker will succeed in a job.how
The IQ of a 6-year-old with a measured mental age of 9 would be 67.133.86.150.
Emotionally intelligent people tend to seek immediate gratification.understand their own emotions but not those of others.understand others’ emotions but not their own.succeed in their careers.
Sternberg’s three types of intelligence are ____________, ____________, and ____________.
The existence of savant syndrome seems to support Sternberg’s distinction among three types of intelligence.criticism of multiple intelligence theories.Gardner’s theory of multiple
Charles Spearman suggested we have one ____________ ____________ underlying success across a variety of intellectual abilities.
Most researchers agree that apes can communicate through symbols.reproduce most human speech sounds.master language in adulthood.surpass a human 3-year-old in language skills.
According to Chomsky, all languages share a(n) ____________ ____________.
When young children speak in short phrases using mostly verbs and nouns, this is referred to as ____________ ____________.
Children reach the one-word stage of speech development at about 4 months.6 months.1 year.2 years.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative person?Expertise Extrinsic motivation A venturesome personality Imaginative thinking skills
When consumers respond more positively to ground beef described as “75 percent lean” than to the same product labeled “25 percent fat,” they have been influenced by ____________.
Terrorist attacks in Paris and San Bernardino made Americans, in the words of one senator, “really scared and worried”—and more fearful of being victimized by terrorism than of other greater
A major obstacle to problem solving is fixation, which is a(n)tendency to base our judgments on vivid memories.tendency to wait for insight to occur.inability to view a problem from a new
Oscar describes his political beliefs as “strongly liberal,” but he has decided to explore opposing viewpoints. How might he be affected by confirmation bias and belief perseverance in this

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