Compound C is asymmetric, has molecular formula C 5 H 10 O, and contains two methyl groups and a 3 functional group. It has a broad infrared absorption band in the 32003550-cm -1 region and no...

The name sec-butyl alcohol defines a specific structure but the name sec-pentyl alcohol is ambiguous. Explain.

Shown below are Newman projection formulas for (R,R)-, (S,S )-, and (R,S )-2,3-dichlorobutane. (a) Which is which? (b) Which formula is a meso compound?

If a sample of a pure substance that has two or more chirality centers has an observed rotation of zero, it could be a racemate. Could it possibly be a pure stereoisomer? Could it possibly be a pure...

The reactions of aldehydes and ketones with LiAlH 4 and NaBH 4 (Section 12.3) are nucleophilic additions to the carbonyl group. What is the nucleophile in these reactions?

What would be the major product formed in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 3-methyl-2-butanone?

The vapor pressure of ethylene glycol at several temperatures is given below: (a) Construct a semilog plot of the vapor-pressure data and determine a linear expression for ln p* as a function of...

When cyclohexanol is dehydrated to cyclohexene, a gummy green substance forms on the bottom of the flask. Suggest what this residue might be, and propose a mechanism for its formation (as far as the...

Propose mechanisms for the nucleophilic acyl substitutions to form ethyl benzoate and N-methylacetamide as shown on the previous page.

Methyl p-nitrobenzoate has been found to undergo saponification faster than methyl benzoate. (a) Consider the mechanism of saponification, and explain the reasons for this rate enhancement. (b) Would...

What are the molecular and empirical formulas for each of the following compounds? H H H N=N N-N H. H H H H

State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (a) Sulfuric acid is a monoprotic acid. (b) HCl is a weak acid. (c) Methanol is a base.

Domino toppling is an event in which a large number of dominoes are lined up close together and then allowed to topple, one after the other. The disturbance that propagates along the line of dominoes...

A 25-mL sample of 0.50 M NaOH is combined with a 75-mL sample of 0.50 M NaOH. What is the concentration of the resulting NaOH solution?

The standard heat of the reaction is H r = 904:7 kJ. (a) Briefly explain what that means. Your explanation may take the form When ______ (specify quantities of reactant species and their physical...

Tell whether the two structures in each pair represent enantiomers or two molecules of the same compound in different orientations. a. b. c. Br. CI Br Cl I F and H F H

Examine Solved Problem 7.3. Your task is to prepare A in the highest possible yield by dehydrobromination. Which base would you use? Solved Problem 7.3 Using Zaitsevs rule, predict which would be the...

Draw diagrams to show the bonding in each of the following compounds: a. Calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) b. Oxygen (O 2 ) c. Magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) d. Tetrachloromethane (CCl 4 ).

At room temperature and pressure (rtp), which of the substances listed below is: a. A solid element? b. A liquid element? c. A gaseous mixture? d. A solid mixture? e. A liquid compound? f. A solid...

An unknown compound shows a weak molecular ion at m/z87 in the mass spectrum, and the only large peak is at m/z30. The IR spectrum follows. The NMR spectrum shows only three singlets: one of area 9...

There are 15 competitors in a camel race. How many ways are there of guessing the first three finishers?

Show how you would accomplish the following multistep syntheses. You may use any additional reagents and solvents you need. a. PhCH 2 CH 2 OH PhCH 2 CH 2 COOH b. c. d. e. f. CH3 CH2

A student synthesized Compound 1 (below). To purify the compound, he extracted it into aqueous base and then acidified the solution to protonate the acid so that he could extract it back into ether....

a. Write equations that describe: i. The 1st ionisation energy of calcium ii. The 3rd ionisation energy of potassium iii. The 2nd ionisation energy of lithium iv. The 5th ionisation energy of sulfur....

a. Calculate the volume occupied by 272 g of methane at a pressure of 250 kPa and a temperature of 54 C. (R = 8.31 J K 1 mol 1 ; M r methane = 16.0) b. The pressure exerted by 0.25 mol of carbon...

a. What is meant by the term ideal gas? b. Under what conditions do real gases differ from ideal gases? Give reasons for your answer.

Explain the following: a. Why are most metals strong, but ionic solids are brittle? b. Why is an alloy of copper and tin stronger than either copper or tin alone?

Use the oxidation number method to balance these equations. a. H 2 SO 4 + HI S + I 2 + H 2 O b. HBr + H 2 SO 4 Br 2 + SO 2 + H 2 O c. V 3+ + I 2 + H 2 O VO 2+ + I + H +

Explain why the enthalpy change of neutralisation of one mole of sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4 , is not the standard enthalpy change of neutralisation.

Use the information in Figure 6.15 and the information below to show that the average bond energy of the C H bond is 415.9 kJ mol 1 H f [CH 4 ] = 74.8 kJ mol 1 H at [ 12 H 2 ] = +218 kJ mol 1 H ...

You and your friends pull your car off a mountain road onto an overlook to take pictures of the frozen lake below. You lose your footing on the packed snow, fall over the cliff , and land in a soft...

a. What would happen if octane was added to a solution of sodium hydroxide? b. Explain your answer to part a.

Ethyl chloride is sold as a liquid (see photo) under pressure for use as a local skin anesthetic. Ethyl chloride boils at 12 C at atmospheric pressure. When the liquid is sprayed onto the skin, it...

Determine the base units of: a. Pressure (= force/area) b. Energy (= force distance) c. Density (= mass/volume)

You are given the task of opening an antiquated light lock, which is unlocked by shining red light pulses of a certain frequency for a long duration of time into a light sensor on the lock. You are...

Determine the speed in m s 1 of an object that travels: a. 3.0 m in 5.0 ms b. 6.0 km in 3.0 Ms c. 8.0 pm in 4.0 ns.

A car is moving at 8.0 m s 1 . The driver makes it accelerate at 1.0 m s 2 for a distance of 18 m. What is the final velocity of the car?

A car is initially stationary. It has a constant acceleration of 2.0 m s 2 . a. Calculate the velocity of the car after 10 s. b. Calculate the distance travelled by the car at the end of 10 s. c....

A train is travelling at 50 m s 1 when the driver applies the brakes and gives the train a constant deceleration of magnitude 0.50 m s 2 for 100 s. Describe what happens to the train. Calculate the...

An aircraft, starting from rest accelerates uniformly along a straight runway. It reaches a speed of 200 km h 1 and travels a distance of 1.4 km. What is the acceleration of the aircraft along the...

A submarine uses sonar to measure the depth of water below it. Reflected sound waves are detected 0.40 s after they are transmitted. How deep is the water? (Speed of sound in water = 1500 m s 1 .)

A vector P of magnitude 3.0 N acts towards the right and a vector Q of magnitude 4.0 N acts upwards. What is the magnitude and direction of the vector (P Q)? A. 1.0 N at an angle of 53 downwards to...

Look at Figure 1.2. The runner has just run 10,000 m in a time of 27 minutes 5.17 s. Calculate his average speed during the race. EAT RITA KEVA TANU TOLA FARAH CEMELASH

A balloon of volume 3000 m 3 is filled with hydrogen of density 0.090 kg m 3 . The mass of the fabric of the balloon is 100 kg. Calculate the greatest mass that the balloon can lift in air of density...

The drawing shows the activities of three radioactive samples. Rank the samples according to half-life, largest first. (a) 2, 3, 1 (b) 1, 2, 3 (c) 3, 2, 1 (d) 1, 3, 2 (e) 3, 1,2 2 3 Time Activity

In a double-slit experiment, filters were placed in front of a white light source to investigate the effect of changing the wavelength of the light. At first, a red filter was used instead ( = 600...

a. Explain what is meant by a radian. b. A body moves round a circle at a constant speed and completes one revolution in 15 s. Calculate the angular speed of the body.

In a washing machine, the clothes are held in cylinder called a drum. The drum has holes in it that allow water to enter the drum and also to drain out of the drum. The drum of a particular washing...

An object follows a circular path at a steady speed. Describe how each of the following quantities changes as it follows this path: speed, velocity, kinetic energy, momentum, centripetal force,...

If you have ever been down a water-slide (a flume) (Figure 16.16) you will know that you tend to slide up the side as you go around a bend. Explain how this provides the centripetal force needed to...

When a thermocouple has one junction in melting ice and the other junction in boiling water it produces an e.m.f. of 63 V. a. What e.m.f. would be produced if the second junction was also placed in...

In each of the three graphs, a, b and c in Figure 18.38, give the phase difference between the two curves: i. As a fraction of an oscillation ii. In degrees iii. In radians. Time b Time Time Figure...

The pendulum of a clock is displaced by a distance of 4.0 cm and it oscillates in s.h.m. with a period of 1.0 s. a. Write down an equation to describe the displacement x of the pendulum bob with time...

State and justify whether the following oscillators show simple harmonic motion: a. A basketball being bounced repeatedly on the ground. b. A guitar string vibrating c. A conducting sphere vibrating...

The bob of a simple pendulum has a mass of 0.40 kg. The pendulum oscillates with a period of 2.0 s and an amplitude of 0.15 m. At one point in its cycle it has a potential energy of 0.020 J. What is...

A current of 0.20 A flows in a wire of length 2.50 m placed at right angles to a magnetic field of flux density 0.060 T. Calculate the force on the wire.

A 400 F capacitor is charged using a 20 V battery. It is connected across the ends of a 600 resistor with 20 V potential difference across its plates. a. Calculate the charge stored on the...

Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CRP) is used in the manufacture of golf clubs and tennis rackets. a. What are composite materials? b. Which two substances are used to manufacture this composite...

The second order differential equation d2r/dt2 4r = 3cost has initial conditions r = 1, dy/dt = 1 when t = 0. a. Find the complementary function and the particular integral. b. Hence, using the...

A ray of light, in air, strikes one side of a rectangular glass block. The refractive index of the glass is 1.5. a. Draw a diagram to show the direction the ray will take in the glass if the angle of...

In the diagrams above, rays of light strike a mirror and one end of an optical fibre. a. Copy and complete the diagrams to show what will happen to each of the rays. b. Which diagram shows an example...

In a Harris Interactive survey of 1006 randomly selected subjects, 96% of adults said that they wash their hands in public restrooms.

The volume of a rectangular block can be calculated using this equation: volume = length x width X height Using this information, copy and complete the table below. height/cm volume of rectangular...

Consider two grocery stores at which the mean waiting time in line is the same but the variation of waiting times is different. At which store would you expect the customers to have more complaints...

A student investigates the resistance of wire in different circuit arrangements. The circuit shown in the diagram below is used. The student measures the current I in the wire. She then measures the...

A manufacturer uses two different production sites to make batteries for cell phones. There is a defect rate of 2% at one of the sites and a defect rate of 4% at the other site. Therefore, the...

The distribution of pedestrian speeds on a path used by both walkers and runners was found to be bimodal. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly...

The diagram below shows a disaccharide called lactose. The carbon atoms are numbered. You are not expected to have seen this structure before. Lactose is a reducing sugar found in milk. It is made...

The standard deviation for the heights of 5-year-old children is smaller than the standard deviation for the heights of children who range in age from 3 to 15. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises,...

After being tested for the presence of a disease, a patient is told to think positively, so the patient is hoping for a positive test result. It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the...

To find the mean wage of restaurant workers in the United States, an economist found the mean wage for each of the 50 states, then calculated the mean of those 50 numbers. Does It Make Sense? For...

Listed below are the earnings (in millions of dollars) of the celebrities with the five highest incomes in a recent year. The celebrities in order are Steven Spielberg, Howard Stern, George Lucas,...

The data below are times (in seconds) recorded when statistics students participated in an experiment to test their ability to determine when 1 minute (60 seconds) had passed. What do these data...

The ages of males when they were hospitalized because of myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) Describing Distributions. For each distribution described in Exercises, answer the following questions:...

Overall, do you think that kids today really are smarter than their parents and grandparents, or do you favor a different explanation for the Flynn effect? Discuss in a small group until you reach a...

The distribution of Chromebook sales data over the last year is not normal, because it has two modes corresponding to the holiday season and the back-to-school season. Does It Make Sense? For...

Zirconium, Zr, and hafnium, Hf, are metals. An isotope of zirconium has 40 protons and 91 nucleons. a. i. Write the isotopic symbol for this isotope of zirconium. ii. How many neutrons are present in...

Identify the distribution in Figure 5.6 tha is not normal. Of the two normal distributions, which has the larger standard deviation? 0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100 0 (a) (b) 25 50 75 100 (c)

The distribution of annual incomes of U.S. adults is a normal distribution. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense...

What percentage of adult males have pulse rates greater than 53 bpm? Pulse Rates. In Exercises, assume that pulse rates of adult males are normally distributed with a mean of 70 beats per minute...

The distribution of the weights of all adult elephants in Kenya is a normal distribution. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does...

Weighted Mean. In Exercises, find the mean of the data summarized in the frequency table by using the middle of each bin and the frequency for each bin. Also, compare the computed means to these the...

The table gives data on the physical properties of five substances, a to e. a. Copy the table and fill in the gaps. b. Explain the melting point and electrical conductivity of substance a. c. Explain...

The structures of carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are shown in the diagram below. Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain the following: a. Carbon dioxide is a gas at room...

Your pie chart must be wrong because you have the 45% frequency wedge near the upper left and the answer key shows it near the lower right. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the...

I used an exponential scale because the data values for my categories ranged from 7 to 450,000,000. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true)...

a. Use the result from Exercise 1a to construct a histogram for the weights of regular Pepsi. b. Use the result from Exercise 1b to construct a histogram for the weights of Diet Pepsi. c. Compare the...

Rolling a single six-sided die and getting a result that is less than 10 Theoretical Probabilities. For Exercises, use the theoretical method to determine the probability of the given outcome or...

Because either there is life on Mars or there is not, the probability of life on Mars is 0.5. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or...

The complexity of DNA analysis can make it difficult for prosecutors to explain DNA evidence to jurors. If you were a prosecutor, how would you deal with this problem? Explain.

For a $1 straight bet in the California Daily 3 lottery, the expected return is 64, so betting a dollar for fun is okay, but it is unwise to bet much money on this lottery. Does It Make Sense? For...

In terms of the law of large numbers, explain why you should not be surprised to see 6 heads in 10 tosses of a fair coin, but you should be surprised to see 600 heads in 1000 tosses of the same coin.

Assume that the scores on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) are normally distributed with a mean of 497 and a standard deviation of 115. a. A graduate school requires a GRE score of 650 for admission....

a. State what is meant by: i. A perfectly elastic collision ii. A completely inelastic collision. b. A stationary uranium nucleus disintegrates, emitting an alpha-particle of mass 6.65 10 27 kg and...

The television shows being watched by households surveyed by Nielsen Media Research. Qualitative versus Quantitative Data. In Exercises, determine whether the data described are qualitative or...

What is the probability that a 75% free throw the shooter will miss her next free throw? Complementary Events. Exercises involve complementary events. In each exercise, find the probability of the...

A bag contains 13 red M&Ms, 25 orange M&Ms, 8 yellow M&Ms, 8 brown M&Ms, 27 blue M&Ms, and 19 green M&Ms. When randomly selecting one M&M, what is the probability of drawing a red M&M? A blue M&M? A...

If a correlation is very strong, can we conclude that one variable causes a change in the other variable? Why or why not?

Estimate the correlation coefficient for the data points in the scatterplot in Figure 7.24. Figure 7.24 10 -5 -10 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.

When ice-dancers spin, as shown in the diagram, the first dancers hand applies a centripetal force to the second dancers hand. In which case is the centripetal force the greatest? axis of spin centre...