Chapter 9 covered a synthesis of alkynes by a double dehydrohalogenation of dihalides. A student tried to convert trans-2,5-dimethylhex-3-ene to 2,5-dimethylhex-3-yne by adding bromine across the...

An alarm is too quiet, so a technician adjusts it to produce a louder note of the same pitch. What effect does this have on the amplitude and on the frequency of the sound? amplitude frequency A...

In a reaction controlled by an enzyme, which of the following graphs shows the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of the reaction? A D B.

A jogger is training for a 5 km charity run. He starts with a run of 400 m, then increases the distance he runs in training by 100 m each day. a. How many days does it take the jogger to reach a...

Draw structures of the following derivatives. (a) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde (b) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone (c) Cyclopropanone oxime (d) The ethylene acetal of hexan-3-one...

An office car park has 12 parking spaces in a row. There are 9 cars to be parked. a. How many different arrangements are there for parking the 9 cars and leaving 3 empty spaces? b. How many different...

Propose mechanisms for the following reactions. a. b. c. d. e. f. CH,OH, H* CH;O OCH3 Ph-C-H Ph

How many different ways can seven books be arranged in a row on a shelf?

Show how you would accomplish the following syntheses efficiently (you may use any necessary reagents). (a) Trans-l-bromobut-2-ene trans-pent-3-enoic acid (two ways) (b) Hex-3-ene , propanoic acid...

Two of the methods for converting alkyl halides to carboxylic acids are covered in Sections 20-8B and 20-8C. One is formation of a Grignard reagent followed by addition of carbon dioxide and then...

(A true story) The manager of an organic chemistry stockroom prepared unknowns for a Ketones and Aldehydes experiment by placing two drops of the liquid unknowns in test tubes and storing the test...

Use 1s 2 notation to give the electronic configurations for the following elements: a. Vanadium (Z = 23) b. Copper (Z = 29) c. Selenium (Z = 34)

The relative acidities of carboxylic acids (and, by inference, the stabilities of their carboxylate ions) have been used to compare the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties of...

The structures of four useful polymers are shown, together with some of their best-known products. In each case, (i) Determine the kind of polymer (polyamide, polyester, etc.). (ii) Draw the...

For each molecule shown below, 1. indicate the most acidic hydrogens. 2. draw the important resonance contributors of the anion that results from removal of the most acidic hydrogen. a. b. c. d. e....

Draw diagrams to show hydrogen bonding between the following molecules: a. Ethanol, C 2 H 5 OH, and water b. Ammonia and water c. Two hydrogen fluoride molecules.

Suggest why it is difficult to measure the enthalpy change directly when an anhydrous salt is converted to a hydrated salt.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of bromoethane with ethanolic sodium hydroxide.

Write down, in powers of ten, the values of these quantities: a. 60 pA b. 500 MW c. 20,000 mm.

a. Find the area of one page of this book in cm 2 and then convert your value to m 2 . b. If the uncertainty in measuring one side of the page is 0.1 cm find the uncertainty in the area. This can be...

The pull of the Earths gravity on an apple (its weight) is about 1 newton. We could devise a new international system of units by defining our unit of force as the weight of an apple. State as many...

If you drop a large stone and a small stone from the top of a tall building, which one will reach the ground first? Explain your answer.

A car crashes head-on into a brick wall. Use the idea of inertia to explain why the driver is more likely to come out through the windscreen if he or she is not wearing a seat belt.

Estimate the mass and weight of each of the following at the surface of the Earth: a. A kilogram of potatoes b. An average student c. A mouse d. A 40-tonne truck. (For estimates, use g = 10 m s 2 ; 1...

A rocket has a mass of 5,000 kg. At a particular instant, the resultant force acting on the rocket is 200,000 N. Calculate its acceleration.

A hydraulic press is used to compress a spring that will then be used to project a 25.0-kg steel ball. The system is similar, but smaller in scale, to the car jack illustrated in Figure 11.14. In...

An athlete competing in the long jump leaves the ground with a velocity of 5.6 m s 1 at an angle of 30 to the horizontal. a. Determine the vertical component of the velocity and use this value to...

You and your team are testing a device that is to be submerged in the cold waters of Antarctica. It is designed to rotate a small wheel at a very precise rate. One component of the device consists of...

Name these forces: a. The upward push of water on a submerged object b. The force that wears away two surfaces as they move over one another c. The force that pulled the apple off Isaac Newtons tree...

Calculate how much work is done by a 50 kW car engine in a time of 1.0 minute.

You and your team are stranded on a tropical island that hosts a deserted military base. In your efforts to get rescued, you find a radio. However, when you power it up some lights turn on, but the...

a. Identify the fragments that would cause peaks in the mass spectrum of HOCH 2 COCH 3 with the following m/e values: i. m/e = 15 ii. m/e = 17 iii. m/e = 31 iv. m/e = 43 v. m/e = 57 vi. m/e = 59 b....

a. By how many degrees does the angular displacement of the hour hand of a clock change each hour? b. A clock is showing 3.30. Calculate the angular displacements in degrees from the 12.00 position...

One of the molecular orbitals of the H 2 - ion is sketched below: (a) Is the molecular orbital a or MO? Is it bonding or antibonding? (b) In H 2 - , how many electrons occupy the MO shown above?...

In each of the following cases, state what provides the resultant force causing centripetal acceleration: a. The Moon orbiting the Earth b. A car going round a bend on a flat, rough road c. The...

Mars orbits the Sun once every 687 days at a distance of 2.3 10 11 m. The mass of Mars is 6.4 10 23 kg. Calculate: a. The average speed in metres per second b. Its centripetal acceleration c. The...

A 2-m 3 storage tank contains 95% liquid and 5% vapor by volume of liquified natural gas (LNG) at 160 K, as shown in Fig. P4.155. It may be assumed that LNG has the same properties as pure methane....

Explain why it is impossible to whirl a bung around on the end of a string in such a way that the string remains perfectly horizontal.

Consider the ammonia Rankine-cycle power plant shown in Fig. P9.31. The plant was designed to operate in a location where the ocean water temperature is 25C near the surface and 5C at some greater...

A vessel of volume 0.20 m 3 contains 3.0 10 26 molecules of gas at a temperature of 127 C. Calculate the pressure exerted by the gas on the vessel walls.

A capacitor has a potential difference of 6.0 V across its plates and stores 9.0 mJ of energy. Which row in the table gives the capacitance of the capacitor and the charge on its plates? Capacitance...

The luminosity of the star Aldebaran is 520 times that of the Sun. The wavelength of light at peak intensity for Aldebaran is 740 nm and the wavelength of light at peak intensity for the Sun is 500...

A particle is projected from horizontal ground with initial speed 15 m -1 and angle of elevation 60. Find the horizontal distance travelled when the particle is first at a height of 8m above ground...

Atoms of elements X, Y and Z have 16, 17 and 19 electrons, respectively. Atoms of argon have 18 electrons. a. Determine the formulae of the compounds formed by the combination of the atoms of the...

A particle is projected from a platform 4m above horizontal ground, with an initial speed of 20 ms -1 and an angle of elevation of 20. Find the direction of the particle as it lands on the ground.

a. How many atoms of the different elements are there in the formulae of the compounds given below? (i) Nitric acid, HNO 3 (ii) Methane, CH 4 (iii) Copper nitrate, Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (iv) Ethanoic acid, CH...

The table below shows the melting points, boiling points and densities of substances A to D. a. Which substance is a gas at room temperature? b. Which substance is a liquid at room temperature? c....

A student heated a mixture of iron filings and sulfur strongly. He saw a red glow spread through the mixture as the reaction continued. At the end of the experiment a black solid had been formed. a....

Use the kinetic theory to explain the following: a. When you take a block of butter out of the fridge, it is quite hard. However, after 15 minutes it is soft enough to spread. b. When you come home...

In a study of the XSORT gender selection method developed by the Genetics & IVF Institute, 945 couples given treatment had 66 baby boys and 879 baby girls.

A researcher measures the braking reaction time of a subject and records a value of 2.4 seconds, but the subjects actual braking reaction time is 1.9 seconds. What is the absolute error?

Police set up a sobriety checkpoint at which every fifth driver is stopped and interviewed.

A New York Times editorial criticized a chart caption that described a dental rinse as one that reduces plaque on teeth by over 300%. If the dental rinse removes all of the plaque, what percentage is...

Before taking off, a pilot is supposed to set the aircraft altimeter to the elevation of the airport. A pilot leaves from Denver (altitude 5280 feet) with her altimeter set to 2500 feet. Explain how...

In a Gallup poll of 1038 adults, 5% of the respondents said that second-hand smoke is not at all harmful. How many respondents said that second-hand smoke is not at all harmful?

ZIP codes are quantitative data because, in general, lower numbers are in the east and higher numbers are in the west. Does It Make Sense? For Exercises, determine whether the statement makes sense...

A solid plastic sphere falls towards the Earth. The diagram below shows the speed-time graph of the fall up to the point where the sphere hits the Earth's surface. a. Describe in detail the motion of...

Braking reaction times of 36 randomly selected licensed drivers are measured and 20 of them are greater than 1.9 seconds. What is the percentage of reaction times greater than 1.9 seconds?

Emissions from a radioactive source pass through a hole in a lead screen and into a magnetic field, as shown in the diagram. Radiation detectors are placed at A, B and C. They give the following...

Copy and complete the table below, which summarises some of the functional categories into which proteins can be placed. Category Example structural 1. 2. enzyme insulin haemoglobin and myoglobin...

a. Copy the following table to summarise some differences between collagen and haemoglobin. Collagen Haemoglobin Use the following to guide you. Row 1: State whether globular or fibrous. Row 2: State...

The diagram below shows an enzyme and two inhibitors of the enzyme, X and Y. Which of the following describes the two inhibitors? A. X and Y are competitive inhibitors. B. X and Y are non-competitive...

The graph shows the progress of the digestion of starch by the enzyme salivary amylase. Why does the reaction slow down? A. End-product inhibition by maltose. B. The salivary amylase is becoming...

If methylene blue dye is added to a suspension of yeast cells, living cells do not take up the stain, and they remain colourless. However, dead cells are stained blue. This fact was used to carry out...

When we refer to a normal distribution, does the word normal have the same meaning as it does in ordinary usage? Explain.

Do you think that comparisons of SAT scores over 2 years are meaningful? Over 10 years? Do you agree that the long-term trends indicate that students today have poorer verbal skills but better...

Briefly explain a major reason why the Central Limit Theorem is useful in statistics.

A string orchestra consists of 15 violins, 8 violas, 7 cellos and 4 double basses. A chamber orchestra consisting of 8 violins, 4 violas, 2 cellos and 2 double basses is to be chosen from the string...

a. Find the values of i. 7 P 3 ii. 9 P 4 iii. 10 P 8 b. Find the values of i. 7 C 3 ii. 9 C 4 iii. 10 C 8 c. Show that, for the values of n and r in parts a and b, n C r = n P r /r!.

The distribution of incomes of adults is a right-skewed distribution. Therefore, if we select many samples of 64 incomes at random from this distribution, the means of these samples will also have a...

The percentage of the worlds population living in developed countries decreased from 27.1% in 1970 to 16.4% now. Percentages of Percentages. Exercises describe changes in which the measurements...

Types of movies (drama, comedy, etc.) Levels of Measurement. For the data described in Exercises, identify the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio).

Find an example of a stack plot in a recent news report. Comment on the effectiveness of the display. Could another display have been used to depict the same data?

Give all answers to 3 significant figures. Ammonium nitrate decomposes on heating to give nitrogen(I) oxide and water as follows: NH 4 NO 3 (s) N 2 O(g) + 2H 2 O(l) a. What is the formula mass of...

a. i. What do you understand by the term relative atomic mass? ii. A sample of boron was found to have the following % composition by mass: Calculate a value for the relative atomic mass of boron....

The following data show the body temperatures (in F) of randomly selected subjects who were not ill at the time. Construct a frequency table with seven bins:96.997.2, 97.397.6, 97.798.0, and so on....

a. What do you understand by the term atomic orbital? b. Draw diagrams to show the shape of: i. An s orbital ii. A p orbital. c. Element x has the electronic configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d...

List the relative frequencies that correspond to the given frequencies. Pulse Rates of Females. In Exercises, refer to the following frequency table of pulse rates of a sample of females. Pulse rate...

List the relative frequencies that correspond to the given frequencies.

In a survey conducted by Kelton Research, 1004 adults were asked to identify the sounds that they find most annoying. In response, 279 chose jackhammers, 388 chose car alarms, 128 chose barking dogs,...

How many females are represented in the frequency table? How many categories are in the frequency table? Pulse rate (beats per minute) 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100-109 Frequency 17 33 41 37 13 4

Theres been only a very slight rise in our stock price over the past few months, but I wanted to make it look dramatic so I started the vertical scale from the lowest price rather than from zero....

Explain the following differences in terms of the type of bonding present. a. Aluminium oxide has a melting point of 2980 C but aluminium chloride changes to a vapour at 178 C. b. Magnesium chloride...

Propanone is a liquid. It has the structure The equation for the complete combustion of propanone is: CH 3 COCH 3 (l) + 4O 2 (g) 3CO 2 (g) + 3H 2 O(l) a. Use the following bond energies (in kJ mol 1...

a. Define standard enthalpy change of combustion. b. When red phosphorus burns in oxygen the enthalpy change is 2967 kJ mol 1 . For white phosphorus the enthalpy change is 2984 kJ mol 1 . For both...

I drew a map on which I scaled the lengths (from east to west) of different counties based on their numbers of family-owned farms, and found that a county with twice as many farms as another ended up...

What is the purpose of binning? Give an example for which binning is useful.

a. Calculate the energy transferred when the temperature of 75 cm 3 of water rises from 23 C to 54 C. b. When 8 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 40 cm 3 of water the temperature falls from 22 C...

a. Define standard enthalpy change of formation. b. Calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of methane from the following standard enthalpy changes of combustion: carbon = 394 kJ mol 1...

The numbers 12, 74, 77, 76, 73, 78, 88, 19, 9 23, and 25 were sewn on the jerseys of the starting offense for the New Orleans Saints when they won a Super Bowl football game. Complete Classification....

a. In each of the following equations, state which reactant has been oxidised: i. PbO + H 2 Pb + H 2 O ii. CO + Ag 2 O 2Ag + CO 2 iii. 2Mg + CO 2 2MgO + C b. In each of the following equations,...

What is the gamblers fallacy? Give an example

Figure 5.10 on the next page shows a histogram for the departure delay times (in minutes) of 152 American Airlines flights from Los Angeles to San Francisco. Is this distribution close to normal?...

An aeroplane is travelling horizontally at a speed of 80 m s 1 and drops a crate of emergency supplies. To avoid damage, the maximum vertical speed of the crate on landing is 20 m s 1 . You may...

A medical researcher wants to test the claim that healthy adults have a mean body temperature less than 98.6F.

A 0.5002-g sample that assayed 96.4% Na 2 SO 4 required 48.63 mL of a barium chloride solution. Reaction: Calculate the analytical molar concentration of BaCl 2 in the solution. Ba?+ + So,?- BaSO4(s)

The hydrogen sulfide in a 40.0-g sample of crude petroleum was removed by distillation and collected in a solution of CdCl 2 . The precipitated CdS was then filtered, washed, and ignited to CdSO 4 ....

Look at Figure 29.28. a. Calculate the relative molecular mass of leucine enkephalin (C 28 H 37 N 5 O 7 ) using relative atomic masses. (A r values C = 12.0, H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0) b. i. How is...

There were 1,038,280 bankruptcy cases filed last year, and in the year 2000 there were 1,276,900 bankruptcy cases filed Relative Change. Exercises each provide two values. For each pair of values,...

You receive a Visa credit card bill for $512.50, but it includes a charge of $8.00 that was not valid. (That is, the true credit card bill should be $8.00 less than the bill claims.)